The reaction 2H(p,pp)n in three kinematical configurations at E_p = 16 MeV

We measured the cross sections of the $^2$H(p,pp)n breakup reaction at E$_p$=16 MeV in three kinematical configurations: the np final-state interaction (FSI), the co-planar star (CST), and an intermediate-star (IST) geometry. The cross sections are compared with theoretical predictions based on the CD Bonn potential alone and combined with the updated 2$\pi$-exchange Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force (TM99'), calculated without inclusion of the Coulomb interaction. The resulting excellent agreement between data and pure CD Bonn predictions in the FSI testifies to the smallness of three-nucleon force (3NF) effects as well as the insignificance of the Coulomb force for this particular configuration and energy. The CST also agrees well whereas the IST results show small deviations between measurements and theory seen before in the pd breakup space-star geometries which point to possible Coulomb effects. An additional comparison with EFT predictions (without 3NF) up to order N$^3$LO shows excellent agreement in the FSI case and a rather similar agreement as for CD Bonn in the CST and IST situations.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figure

Cross sections and tensor analyzing powers Ayy of the reaction 1H(→d,pp)n in “symmetric constant relative energy” geometries at Ed=19 MeV

We measured the cross sections and tensor analyzing powers of the 1H(→d, pp)n breakup reaction at Ed=19 MeV in four symmetric constant relative energy (SCRE) configurations. The data are compared with theoretical predictions from four different approaches: the first based on high-precision (semi)phenomenological potentials alone or, the second, combined with model three-nucleon forces, and the third based on chiral forces up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the chiral expansion. In these cases the Coulomb interaction is not included. In addition, a fourth approach consists in a comparison with predictions based on CD Bonn including the Δ excitation and the Coulomb force. In all cases the measured cross sections are significantly below the theoretical values, whereas the magnitudes of the tensor analyzing powers agree within the error bars in three of the four cases. The apparent discrepancies in the breakup cross sections are similar to the known differences for the space-star breakup. This adds to the data base of unsolved low-energy discrepancies (puzzles)

Nuclear Fusion as New Energy Option in a Global Single-Regional Energy System Model

Abstract. Is there a window of opportunity for fusion on the electricity market under “business as usual” conditions, and if not, how do the boundary conditions have to look like to open such a window? This question is addressed within a subtask of the Socio-Economic Research on Fusion (SERF) programme of the European Commission. The most advanced energy-modelling framework, the TIMES model generator developed by the Energy Technology System Analysis Project group of the IEA (ETSAP) has been used to implement a global single-regional partial equilibrium energy model. Within the current activities the potential role of fusion power in various future energy scenarios is studied. The final energy demand projections of the baseline of the investigations are based on IIASA-WEC Scenario B. Under the quite conservative baseline assumptions fusion only enters the model solution with 35 GW in 2100 and it can be observed that coal technologies dominate electricity production in 2100. Scenario variations show that the role of fusion power is strongly affected by the availability of GEN IV fission breeding technologies as energy option and by CO2 emission caps. The former appear to be a major competitor of fusion power while the latter open a window of opportunity for fusion power on the electricity market. An interesting outcome is furthermore that the possible share of fusion electricity is more sensitive to the potential of primary resources like coal, gas and uranium, than to the share of solar and wind power in the system. This indicates that both kinds of technologies, renewables and fusion power, can coexist in future energy systems in case of CO2 emission policies and/or resource scarcity scenarios. It is shown that Endogenous Technological Learning (ETL), a more consistent description of technological progress than mere time series, has an impact on the model results

Production of a Beam on Tensor-Polarized Deuterons Using a Carbon Target

An initially unpolarized beam of deuterons is found to acquire tensor polarization after traversing a foil of spin-zero target nuclei. The effect, called nuclear spin dichroism, has been predicted theoretically, albeit resulting in small values of p(zz) of the order of 0.01 for energies around 10 MeV. The experiment was carried out at the Koln tandem accelerator using carbon targets bombarded by deuterons. The observed polarization is as large as p(zz) = -0.28 +/- 0.03 for a beam of 14.8 MeV and a 129 mg/cm(2) target. The results allow one to produce tensor-polarized deuterons with p(zz) around -0.30 (or +0.25) from an initially unpolarized beam using a carbon target of appropriate thickness

Cross sections and tensor analyzing powers Ayy of the reaction H-1(d, pp)n in 'symmetric constant relative energy' geometries at Ed=19-MeV

We measured the cross sections and tensor analyzing powers of the H-1(d,pp)n breakup reaction at E-d=19 MeV in four symmetric constant relative energy (SCRE) configurations. The data are compared with theoretical predictions from four different approaches: the first based on high-precision (semi)phenomenological potentials alone or, the second, combined with model three-nucleon forces, and the third based on chiral forces up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the chiral expansion. In these cases the Coulomb interaction is not included. In addition, a fourth approach consists in a comparison with predictions based on CD Bonn including the Delta excitation and the Coulomb force. In all cases the measured cross sections are significantly below the theoretical values, whereas the magnitudes of the tensor analyzing powers agree within the error bars in three of the four cases. The apparent discrepancies in the breakup cross sections are similar to the known differences for the space-star breakup. This adds to the data base of unsolved low-energy discrepancies (puzzles)

Resonance-like production of tensor polarization in the interaction of an unpolarized beam with graphite targets

As shown in a recent paper, an initially unpolarized beam of deuterons can acquire appreciable tensor polarization by traversing a graphite foil. Here those results are presented which result when the earlier linear fits to the measured data are r eplaced by quadratic fits, taking into account slight non-linearities. The parameters of the fit to the energy dependence of the tensor polarization are discussed. Measured asymmetries confirm the azimuthal symmetry of the beam behind the targets. The val ues of pzz, achievable with graphite foils, are discussed