218 research outputs found

    Low-dimensional chaos induced by frustration in a non-monotonic system

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    We report a novel mechanism for the occurrence of chaos at the macroscopic level induced by the frustration of interaction, namely frustration-induced chaos, in a non-monotonic sequential associative memory model. We succeed in deriving exact macroscopic dynamical equations from the microscopic dynamics in the case of the thermodynamic limit and prove that two order parameters dominate this large-degree-of-freedom system. Two-parameter bifurcation diagrams are obtained from the order-parameter equations. Then we analytically show that the chaos is low-dimensional at the macroscopic level when the system has some degree of frustration, but that the chaos definitely does not occur without the frustration.Comment: 2 figure

    Adsorption and mobility of veterinary compounds on Moroccan soil; Case of Ivermectin

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    Ivermectin (IVR) is an antihelmitic and anti-parasitic substance used mainly in veterinary medicine worldwide. Its release in the environment could have a negative effect on living organisms and generate soil and groundwater pollution. The main objective of this work aimed at the study of the adsorption of IVR on soil from Gharb region in Morocco. Sorption tests were carried out according to conventional guideline by varying the mass of the adsorbate and the pH of the solution. Analysis was made by UV-visible spectrophotometer. Adsorption kinetics of IVR was rapid and equilibrium was reached within 20 minutes. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms models were compared and adsorption constants were calculated. Comparison between the two models showed that Freundlich model fitted best data while kinetic data fitted pseudo-second order. Thermodynamically, sorption process of IVR on the examined soils would be exothermic and controlled by physisorption Tests of mobility have shown strong adsorption of IVR in the soils tested After 7 batches of water percolated, less than 2% of the applied quantity has been detected

    OCP-belastete Böden im SĂŒdkaukasus: Monitoring und Minderung

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    In den ehemaligen Sowjetrepubliken Aserbaidschan und Georgien bestehen Risiken fĂŒr die menschliche Gesundheit und Nahrungsmittelsicherheit aufgrund einer großflĂ€chigen Belastung der agrarisch genutzten Böden mit persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), wozu die Gruppe der chlororganischen Pestizide (OCPs) zu zĂ€hlen ist. Besondere Belastungsschwerpunkte sind an ehemaligen PestizidlagerstĂ€tten und ‑verteilstationen festgestellt worden. Aufgrund der StabilitĂ€t dieser Verbindungen in der Umwelt und deren festen Bindung an den Boden gibt es noch kein Verfahren, das in-situ in vertretbaren ZeitrĂ€umen zu einer substantiellen Reduzierung der Schadstoffkonzentrationen in den Böden fĂŒhrt. Die wissenschaftliche Zielsetzung der geplanten interdisziplinĂ€ren Pilotstudie ist erstens die Entwicklung und Anwendung eines POP-Screeningverfahrens zur flĂ€chenhaften Erfassung der Belastungssituation und zweitens die Etablierung einer Phytoremediationsmethode zur nachhaltigen Sanierung von POP-belasteten Ackerböden in der Region SĂŒdkaukasus. Die Pilotstudie wird in Zusammenarbeit mit den Hochschulen Rhein-Waal und Mannheim sowie der Nationalen Akademie der Wissenschaften Aserbaidschans und der UniversitĂ€t Tiflis (Georgien) durchgefĂŒhrt

    Exposition bodenbewohnender Invertebraten gegenĂŒber Antiparasitika

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    Innerhalb der Antiparasitika gilt Ivermectin (IVM), das zur Gruppe der Avermectine gehört, als einer der bedeutendsten Wirkstoffe und wird seit ĂŒber 35 Jahren auch in der VeterinĂ€rmedizin gegen Endo- und Ektoparasiten eingesetzt. Die AufklĂ€rung der Pharmakokinetik in Tieren ist Gegenstand aktueller Forschung, wobei fĂŒr Nutztiere bekannt ist, dass IVM nach verabreichter Dosis langsam und ĂŒberwiegend unverĂ€ndert mit dem Kot ausgeschieden wird. Da GĂŒlle und Dung behandelter Tiere den Vektor fĂŒr die IVM-Verbreitung bei veterinĂ€rmedizinischer Anwendung darstellen, sind zunĂ€chst Bodenorganismen betroffen, und aktuelle Untersuchungen zeigen, dass IVM-RĂŒckstĂ€nde grundsĂ€tzlich die BiodiversitĂ€t von Dunginsekten-Gemeinschaften reduzieren können. Da IVM schlecht wasserlöslich ist, kann es potenziell an Böden und Sedimente adsorbieren und in Gewebe ĂŒbergehen und sich so zusĂ€tzlich zu einer möglichen ToxizitĂ€t in Nichtzielorganismen und Nahrungsketten anreichern. Das Promotionsvorhaben soll neuartige Erkenntnisse ĂŒber das Verhalten von IVM und anderen Antiparasitika in bodenbewohnenden Invertebraten liefern. Die Ergebnisse aus standardisierten ToxizitĂ€tstests mit RegenwĂŒrmern sollen eine Grundlage fĂŒr eine umfangreichere Umweltrisikobewertung der Wirkstoffe bilden. Eine spezifische chromatographische Analytik der relevanten Einzelsubstanzen im Bodenmedium und in den Testorganismen ergĂ€nzt die Untersuchung und soll Hinweise auf den Eintrag und eine mögliche Anreicherung der Antiparasitika in den RegenwĂŒrmern liefern. Da diese eine wichtige Rolle in StoffkreislĂ€ufen im Boden spielen und einen hohen ökologischen Wert aufweisen, ist die Frage nach der Wirkung belasteter Böden auf sie von hoher Relevanz

    Subhydrische Böden als Schnittstelle im System Festphase-FlĂŒssigphase-Organismus

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    Subhydrische Böden fungieren in Form von GewĂ€ssersedimenten als Schnittstelle von LithosphĂ€re, HydrosphĂ€re und BiosphĂ€re. In diesem von Wechselwirkungen geprĂ€gten Kompartiment kommt es darĂŒber hinaus zu Interaktionen mit der AnthroposphĂ€re, beispielweise durch Eintrag, Sorption und Freisetzung von Schadstoffen in anthropogen beeinflussten Systemen.Wechselwirkungen von Schadstoffen mit OberflĂ€chen bestimmen Abbau, Sequestration, Remobilisierung und BioverfĂŒgbarkeit im System Festphase-FlĂŒssigphase-Organismus. Dabei stellen die Charakterisierung und Quantifizierung der biologisch wirksamen Konzentrationen von Schadstoffen, ihrer biologischen ZugĂ€nglichkeit und ihres Remobilisierungspotentials große Herausforderungen dar. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick der Möglichkeiten innovativer Extraktionsmethoden zur Beantwortung von Fragen der Bindung von Schadstoffen, ihrer Remobilisierbarkeit und BioverfĂŒgbarkeit

    Diffusing opinions in bounded confidence processes

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    We study the effects of diffusing opinions on the Deffuant et al. model for continuous opinion dynamics. Individuals are given the opportunity to change their opinion, with a given probability, to a randomly selected opinion inside an interval centered around the present opinion. We show that diffusion induces an order-disorder transition. In the disordered state the opinion distribution tends to be uniform, while for the ordered state a set of well defined opinion clusters are formed, although with some opinion spread inside them. If the diffusion jumps are not large, clusters coalesce, so that weak diffusion favors opinion consensus. A master equation for the process described above is presented. We find that the master equation and the Monte-Carlo simulations do not always agree due to finite-size induced fluctuations. Using a linear stability analysis we can derive approximate conditions for the transition between opinion clusters and the disordered state. The linear stability analysis is compared with Monte Carlo simulations. Novel interesting phenomena are analyzed

    Phase Diagram and Storage Capacity of Sequence Processing Neural Networks

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    We solve the dynamics of Hopfield-type neural networks which store sequences of patterns, close to saturation. The asymmetry of the interaction matrix in such models leads to violation of detailed balance, ruling out an equilibrium statistical mechanical analysis. Using generating functional methods we derive exact closed equations for dynamical order parameters, viz. the sequence overlap and correlation- and response functions, in the thermodynamic limit. We calculate the time translation invariant solutions of these equations, describing stationary limit-cycles, which leads to a phase diagram. The effective retarded self-interaction usually appearing in symmetric models is here found to vanish, which causes a significantly enlarged storage capacity of αc∌0.269\alpha_c\sim 0.269, compared to \alpha_\c\sim 0.139 for Hopfield networks storing static patterns. Our results are tested against extensive computer simulations and excellent agreement is found.Comment: 17 pages Latex2e, 2 postscript figure

    A kinetic equation for economic value estimation with irrationality and herding

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    A kinetic inhomogeneous Boltzmann-type equation is proposed to model the dynamics of the number of agents in a large market depending on the estimated value of an asset and the rationality of the agents. The interaction rules take into account the interplay of the agents with sources of public information, herding phenomena, and irrationality of the individuals. In the formal grazing collision limit, a nonlinear nonlocal Fokker-Planck equation with anisotropic (or incomplete) diffusion is derived. The existence of global-in-time weak solutions to the Fokker-Planck initial-boundary-value problem is proved. Numerical experiments for the Boltzmann equation highlight the importance of the reliability of public information in the formation of bubbles and crashes. The use of Bollinger bands in the simulations shows how herding may lead to strong trends with low volatility of the asset prices, but eventually also to abrupt corrections

    Adsorption of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution: Agrowaste-modified kaolinite vs surfactant modified bentonite

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    The adsorption efficiency of a new hybrid clay adsorbent for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is compared with known modified clay adsorbents. The new hybrid clay adsorbent (HYCA) showed far higher adsorption capacities for the adsorption of various PAH molecules compared with sodium dodecyl sulfate modified and humic acid modified Bentonite clay adsorbents. With the new hybrid clay adsorbent (HYCA), the adsorption of some of the larger PAH molecules was complete in the first 1 h as compared with ≈ 62% and ≈ 76% observed for both humic acid modified and sodium dodecyl sulfate modified Bentonite clay adsorbents respectively. In 24 h adsorption of the PAHs was complete for all adsorbents with HYCA adsorbent showing better efficiency in the removal of the PAH molecules from aqueous solutions. No significant change was observed with increase in time up to 48 h. The adsorption was observed to be more spontaneous with HYCA adsorbent than with either modified Bentonite adsorbents. The enthalpy of adsorption did not follow any specific order and were not consistent for all PAH molecules considered

    Basic kinetic wealth-exchange models: common features and open problems

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    We review the basic kinetic wealth-exchange models of Angle [J. Angle, Social Forces 65 (1986) 293; J. Math. Sociol. 26 (2002) 217], Bennati [E. Bennati, Rivista Internazionale di Scienze Economiche e Commerciali 35 (1988) 735], Chakraborti and Chakrabarti [A. Chakraborti, B. K. Chakrabarti, Eur. Phys. J. B 17 (2000) 167], and of Dragulescu and Yakovenko [A. Dragulescu, V. M. Yakovenko, Eur. Phys. J. B 17 (2000) 723]. Analytical fitting forms for the equilibrium wealth distributions are proposed. The influence of heterogeneity is investigated, the appearance of the fat tail in the wealth distribution and the relaxation to equilibrium are discussed. A unified reformulation of the models considered is suggested.Comment: Updated version; 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 table
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