Tricomonose bovina e aviar, Histomonose e Xiardíase

Titulación: Veterinaria -- Materia: Enfermidades Parasitarias IIEsta unidade didáctica forma parte da materia Enfermidades parasitarias II que se imparte no primeiro semestre do 4º curso do Grao en Veterinaria. Os contidos desta unidade didáctica van dirixidos a estudantes con coñecementos previos de enfermidades parasitarias I, parasitoloxía, epidemioloxía, bioloxía animal, microbioloxía, inmunoloxía, citoloxía e histoloxía veterinaria, fisioloxía animal, patoloxía xeral, propedéutica clínica, anatomía patolóxica veterinaria e farmacoloxía, farmacia e terapéutica. A formación que os alumnos adquiren sobre a disciplina de enfermidades parasitarias achega ao profesional veterinario un amplo coñecemento sobre as causas, natureza, mecanismos de transmisión, acción patóxena, diagnose, tratamento e medidas de prevención e control dos principais procesos parasitarios que afectan ós animais, tanto de forma individual como colectiva, e especialmente, neste último caso, posto que as enfermidades parasitarias están entre os procesos patolóxicos máis comúns das colectividades animais. Así mesmo, os coñecementos adquiridos no estudo de Enfermidades parasitarias son básicos para controlar as afeccións que se transmiten dos animais ao home (zoonoses) e de certas enfermidades de declaración obrigatoria. Do mesmo xeito, o estudo desta disciplina é básico para establecer os correspondentes Programas de Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública Veterinaria que a administración debe elaborar e implantar para manter e mellorar no posible o estado da gandería española e da saúde humana.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüístic

Coccidiose de aves e mamíferos e criptosporidiose

Titulación: Grao en Veterinaria -- Materia: Enfermidades Parasitarias IIEsta unidade didáctica denominada Coccidiose de aves e mamíferos e Criptosporidiose forma parte da materia Enfermidades Parasitarias II que se imparte no primeiro semestre do 4º curso do Grao en Veterinaria. Esta materia consta de 3 bloques temáticos: protozooses, artropodoses e outras parasitoses. Cada unha delas está composta por varias unidades didácticas. Dos grupos definidos no Libro Branco para o Título de Grao en Veterinaria, editado pola «Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación» (ANECA), as materias enfermidades parasitarias I e II forman parte do grupo de sanidade animal e están moi relacionadas coas materias que integran este grupo: epidemioloxía, parasitoloxía, enfermidades infecciosas, medicina preventiva e policía sanitaria, e zoonoses e saúde pública. Os contidos desta unidade didáctica van dirixidos a estudantes de 4º curso do Grao en Veterinaria con coñecementos previos de enfermidades parasitarias I, parasitoloxía, epidemioloxía, bioloxía animal, microbioloxía, inmunoloxía, citoloxía e histoloxía veterinaria, fisioloxía animal, patoloxía xeral, propedéutica clínica, anatomía patolóxica veterinaria e farmacoloxía, farmacia e terapéutica, e serán impartidos en catro sesións de docencia teórica, catro de prácticas clínico-laboratoriais e dúas de seminarios. A formación que o alumnado adquire sobre a disciplina de enfermidades parasitarias achega ó profesional veterinario un amplo coñecemento sobre as causas, natureza, mecanismos de transmisión, acción patóxena, diagnose, tratamento e medidas de prevención e control dos principais procesos parasitarios que afectan ós animais, tanto de forma individual como colectiva, e especialmente neste último caso, posto que as enfermidades parasitarias están entre os procesos patolóxicos máis comúns das colectividades animais. Así mesmo, os coñecementos adquiridos no estudo de Enfermidades parasitarias son básicos para controlar as afeccións que se transmiten dos animais ó ser humano (zoonoses) e de certas enfermidades de declaración obrigatoria. Do mesmo xeito, o estudo desta disciplina é básico para establecer os correspondentes Programas de Sanidade Animal e Saúde Pública Veterinaria que a administración debe elaborar e implantar para manter e mellorar no posible o estado da gandería española e da saúde humana.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüístic

Critical experiments with albendazole in the treatment of protostrongylid infection of sheep

p. 543-553El trabajo da a conocer los resultados de una experiencia crítica con 60 ovejas. Divididas en 3 lotes: G-1 testigos; G-2 tratadas con una sola dosis de 10 mg/kg de peso vivo de ABZ; G-3, tratadas con dos dosis de 7,5 mg/kgN

First report of Setaria tundra in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Iberian Peninsula inferred from molecular data: epidemiological implications

Background Filarioid nematode parasites are major health hazards with important medical, veterinary and economic implications. Recently, they have been considered as indicators of climate change. Findings In this paper, we report the first record of Setaria tundra in roe deer from the Iberian Peninsula. Adult S. tundra were collected from the peritoneal cavity during the post-mortem examination of a 2 year-old male roe deer, which belonged to a private fenced estate in La Alcarria (Guadalajara, Spain). Since 2012, the area has suffered a high roe deer decline rate (75 %), for unknown reasons. Aiming to support the morphological identification and to determine the phylogenetic position of S. tundra recovered from the roe deer, a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene from the two morphologically identified parasites was amplified, sequenced and compared with corresponding sequences of other filarioid nematode species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolate of S. tundra recovered was basal to all other formely reported Setaria tundra sequences. The presence of all other haplotypes in Northern Europe may be indicative of a South to North outbreak in Europe. Conclusions This is the first report of S. tundra in roe deer from the Iberian Peninsula, with interesting phylogenetic results, which may have further implications in the epidemiological and genetic studies of these filarioid parasites. More studies are needed to explore the reasons and dynamics behind the rapid host/geographic expansion of the filarioid parasites in EuropeThis work was supported by the Programme for Consolidating and Structuring Competitive Research Groups (GRC2015/003, Xunta de Galicia). Molecular analyses were carried out in the LEM of EBD, CSIC and funded by RNM 118; Junta AndaluciaS

Environmental distribution of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in swine herds with natural infection

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the aetiological agent of PCV2-Systemic Disease (PCV2-SD) and PCV2-Subclinical Infection (PCV2-SI). PCV2 is highly resistant to environmental conditions, being able to remain in the farm environment and thus represent a risk for infection maintenance. The aim of this study was to identify, under field conditions, the possible critical points in the environment of non-vaccinated farrow-to-weaning swine farms where PCV2 could accumulate and persist. For that, environmental samples from five swine farms with PCV2-SD or PCV2-SI were taken and analysed by qPCR, including different farm areas, farm personnel and management implements. PCV2 DNA was detected in the environment of all farms (42.9% of positive samples). Overall, the PCV2-SD herd seemed to present more positive samples and higher viral loads than the PCV2-SI herds. At individual farm level, weaning areas appeared to be the most contaminated facilities. In addition, PCV2 was found at high levels in most samples from farm workers, especially work boots, suggesting that they may play a role in within-farm transmission. In addition, PCV2 was detected in areas without animals the like warehouses, offices and farm perimeter. Therefore, this study is helpful to improve measures to reduce within-farm PCV2 dissemination.This work has been funded by the European PCV2-Award 2016 sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, GermanyS

Specificity of Stenurus (Metastrongyloidea: Pseudaliidae) infections in odontocetes stranded along the north-west Spanish coast

Parasites extracted from the lungs and the pterygoid sinus complex of 6 species of odontocetes stranded along the north-west Spanish coast (Northeast Atlantic) between 2009 and 2019 were morphologically identified. The samples belonged to 14 specimens, including 3 harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, 6 short-finned pilot whales, Globicephala macrorhynchus, 1 long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas, 1 Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus, 1 striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba and 2 bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. All animals (14/14) were infected by nematodes of the genus Stenurus spp.; moreover, two of them presented a mixed lung nematode infection by Stenurus spp. and Halocercus spp., and another two a mixed infection by Stenurus spp. and the trematode Nasitrema spp. in the pterygoid sinuses. The morphological characterization of the Stenurus specimens revealed the existence of three different species: Stenurus minor, present in the pterygoid sinuses of harbour porpoises with a mean intensity of 43.0 ± 9.0; Stenurus globicephalae, in the pterygoid sinuses of pilot whales and the Risso's dolphin (370.3 ± 579.4); and Stenurus ovatus infecting bottlenose and striped dolphins’ lungs (47.7 ± 76.5). This is the first citation of S. minor and S. ovatus in odontoceti from the Galician coast. Nematodes of the genus Stenurus are frequent in odontocetes stranded along the north-west Spanish coast. A clear host-parasite association was observed between S. minor and the Phocoenidae family, between S. globicephalae and the subfamily Globicephalinae and between S. ovatus and subfamily Delphininae. Different trophic position and niche segregation may lead to different patterns of specificityS

Prevalence and distribution of Babesia and Theileria species in roe deer from Spain

Babesiosis and Theileriosis are important worldwide-distributed tick-borne diseases for human and animals. Their presence in a particular area depends on the presence of suitable tick-vector and host species as well as competent reservoirs such as roe deer, one of the most abundant wild cervids in Spain. Spleen samples from 174 roe deer hunted in Spain were analysed to determine the prevalence of Babesia and Theileria species. DNA of both piroplasms was firstly detected using a commercial qPCR. Then, positive samples were molecularly characterized at the 18S rRNA and ITS1 genes of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. The possible influence of some factors such as ecological area, age and sex was also assessed. Overall, 89.7% of roe deer were positive to any of the two piroplasms. Theileria spp. was more prevalent (60.9%) than Babesia spp. (19.0%); species identification could not be achieved in 17.3% of positive samples. Babesia prevalence was significantly higher in young animals and in roe deer from Oceanic regions, in contrast to Theileria spp. Five species were identified: Theileria sp. OT3 (60.3%), Babesia capreoli (15.5%), Babesia venatorum (2.9%), Theileria sp. 3185/02 (0.6%) and Babesia bigemina (0.6%). The coinfection B. capreoli/T. sp. OT3 was the most common (4.6%) followed by B. venatorum/T. sp. OT3 (0.6%) and B. bigemina/T. sp. OT3 (0.6%). Our results reveal that Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. are prevalent piroplasms in roe deer from Spain. These cervids can act as reservoirs for several Babesia and Theileria species, including the zoonotic B. venatorum. This study represents the first description of B. venatorum and B. bigemina in roe deer from Spain.This research was supported by a project grant (2016-CL018) awarded by the Spanish Roe Deer Association [Asociación del Corzo Español (ACE)], the Programme for Consolidating and Structuring Competitive Research Groups (GRC2015/003; Xunta de Galicia, Spain) and the Research Project “RUMIGAL: Rede de estudo multidisciplinar dos ruminantes en Galicia” (R2014/005, Xunta de Galicia, Spain)S

Pedicle myiasis by Lucilia caesar (Diptera, Calliphoridae): an emerging disease in roe deer from north-western Spain

A total of 35 male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Lugo province (north-western Spain) were examined for pedicle myiasis between 2020 and 2022. All these animals had died by different causes and were examined or preserved just after their death to avoid post-mortem infestations. After external and internal head inspection, five animals were diagnosed with severe myiasis at the basis of the antlers (14.29%; 95% confidence interval = 5.38–31.04). All the affected bucks presented a cutaneous wound (1.5–15 cm in diameter) around the pedicles with extensive tissue destruction, exposition of frontal and parietal bones, and massive infestation by dipteran larvae (2–12 mm long). Four of five roe deer showed whitish egg clusters adhered to the basis of the antlers. Moreover, in one animal, six larvae had penetrated the cranial cavity, and in two of them larvae were also found in the nasopharyngeal cavity. All the cases were recorded in summer (May–August). Morphological identification and subsequent molecular confirmation revealed that all animals were infested by different larval stages of Lucilia caesar (Diptera: Calliphoridae). This study represents the first report of pedicle myiasis in Spain. Since this disease is reported sporadically, the detection of five cases in a short period of time suggests an increase in the incidence of this myiasisS

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in goats from north-western Spain

Introduction and objective: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoans involved in reproductive failure especially in ruminant livestock. The objective was to estimate the seroprevalence of both parasites in goats from north-western Spain and to study the influence of some factors on seropositivity. Material and Methods: Blood samples from 638 goats were collected in 50 farms. Presence of T. gondii and N. caninum antibodies were detected by direct agglutination and competitive ELISA techniques, respectively. The risk factor analysis was performed using a mixed-effects logistic regression. Results: Individual (48%) and herd-level (74%) T. gondii seroprevalence values were high; the within-herd prevalence was 53%. In contrast, 6% of animals tested positive to N. caninum and 38% of the herds had at least one positive animal, with a true within-herd prevalence of 10%. Mixed infections were limited; 91% of N. caninum seropositive goats were also positive to T. gondii The risk factor analysis showed that T. gondii seroprevalence is influenced by the presence of sheep in the farm (OR=4.9) and the seropositivity to N. caninum (OR=16.5); goats from the Central-coastal area, more humid and warm, had a 15.7-fold probability of being seropositive to T. gondii than those from the Mountainous area. Cross-breed goats (OR=4.5) and the seropositivity to [i]T. gondii [/i](OR= 9.5) were factors associated with N. caninum seropositivity. Conclusions: The high T. gondii seroprevalence in goats constitute a noticeable zoonotic risk. The consideration of the risk factors identified in designing T. gondii and N. caninum control programs in goat herds should allow the implementation of more efficient measures, avoiding the appearance of outbreaks of reproductive disorders by both protozoans in goatsThe authors express their thank to OVICA (Galician Association of Ovine and Caprine Breeders), BOAGA (Galician Autochthonous Breed Federation) and the veterinarians of the ADSG ACIVO for their collaboration in this study. This work was supported by a Programme for consolidating and structuring competitive research groups (GRC2015/003, Xunta de Galicia) and by the Research Project ‘RUMIGAL: Rede de estudomultidisciplinar dos ruminantesen Galicia’ (R2014/005, REDES, Xunta de Galicia)S

The Goat as a Risk Factor for Parasitic Infections in Ovine Flocks

Small ruminants in northwestern Spain are frequently managed in mixed flocks. Sheep–goat joint management has not been considered a risk factor for parasite infection, so the main objective of this study was to establish if mixed management with goats supposes a risk factor for parasitic infections in ovine flocks. Two thousand and ninety-three sheep were sampled from 74 commercial meat ovine flocks for diagnostic of the main parasites. Goat contact was a risk factor for sheep to be infected by protostrongylids, Dictyocaulus filaria, gastrointestinal nematodes and Eimeria spp. In contrast, Moniezia, Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Paramphistomidae prevalences were not influenced. Sheep–goat mixed management can be considered as a risk factor, since goats would act as a source of pasture contamination for interspecific parasites (protostrongylids, Dictyocaulus filaria and gastrointestinal nematodes). In relation to host-specific parasites, such as Eimeria spp., goats cannot be considered as a source for sheep, but competition for food and spaces between both small ungulates can suppose a reduced grazing area to sheep, provoking high environmental contamination and stress that facilitate their infection. Future epidemiological studies for parasitic infections in small ruminants should consider sheep–goat mixed management as a possible risk factor to be included in multivariate analysesThis work was supported by a program for consolidating and structuring competitive research groups (ED431D 2019/04, Xunta de Galicia, Spain)S