Métodos de prospectiva estratégica y participación local en el análisis de estudios de futuro en áreas naturales protegidas

Los estudios de futuro consideran una serie de propuestas metodológicas y conceptuales, las cuales se aplican a diferentes campos del conocimiento. Entre estas, el empleo de herramientas de valoración para la gestión de los servicios de los ecosistemas permite recoger importantes aspectos de la percepción local sobre elementos de conservación y sobre los valores no económicos de los ecosistemas. Estos aspectos se pueden incorporar a ejercicios de construcción de escenarios de futuro a través del desarrollo de herramientas de prospectiva estratégica participativa, adaptadas a las condiciones culturales de los líderes y autoridades de las poblaciones locales. Esta investigación considera un balance de las metodologías de valoración de importancia de prospectiva estratégica y de prospectiva social, a partir de los resultados alcanzados en la Reserva Nacional Salinas y Aguada Blanca (Perú). Por otra parte, incluye las limitaciones encontradas y la comparación con herramientas complementarias sobre la construcción de escenarios. Este trabajo constituye un ejercicio crítico de cara a la capacidad de réplica de procesos similares en áreas naturales. Entre los resultados alcanzados tenemos el contraste entre impulsores de cambio y factores críticos que afectan a los servicios de los ecosistemas y formalizan las percepciones locales sobre los futuros posibles de los servicios. Se concluye que la gestión de la biodiversidad por la población local es clave para la definición de los futuros posibles de la reserva, como también el responsable de regular el uso de un servicio

COYUNTURA ECONÓMICA, año 5, núm. 11, enero-abril 2023

El cierre de 2022 y el inicio de 2023 no han sido sencillos; venimos de tres años de estancamiento y bajo crecimiento. Comenzamos el año con una inflación alta y una recuperación económica lenta a pesar de algunos hechos que el actual gobierno considera positivos, como las crecientes remesas o la fortaleza del peso, que para algunos no son un reflejo positivo o que dependen de factores externos y por tanto no derivan de la fortaleza de la economía. Lo anterior, aunado al aumento de la desigualdad y a las crecientes necesidades sociales en todos los ámbitos dados los recortes presupuestales de los últimos tres años, ha derivado en que la presente administración tenga varios retos ante sí, entre los que destacan la reactivación de la economía y la recuperación de los empleos perdidos desde la pandemia. Expertos en el tema abordarán estos aspectos en el presente boletín titulado “Retos de política económica para el crecimiento y el desarrollo en México”

Ozonation of Indigo Carmine Enhanced by Fe/ Pimenta dioica

Green synthesis of metallic particles has become an economic way to improve and protect the environment by decreasing the use of toxic chemicals and eliminating dyes. The synthesis of metal particles is gaining more importance due to its simplicity, rapid rate of synthesis of particles, and environmentally friendly. The present work aims to report a novel and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of iron particles using deoiled Pimenta dioica L. Merrill husk as support. The indigo carmine removal efficiency by ozonation and catalyzed ozonation is also presented. Synthesized materials were characterized by N2 physisorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). By UV-Vis spectrophotometry the removal efficiency of indigo carmine was found to be nearly 100% after only 20 minutes of treatment under pH 3 and with a catalyst loading of 1000 mgL−1. Analytical techniques such as determination of the total organic carbon content (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) showed that iron particles supported on deoiled Pimenta dioica L. Merrill husk can be efficiently employed to degrade indigo carmine and achieved a partial mineralization (conversion to CO2 and H2O) of the molecule. From the results can be inferred that the prepared biocomposite increases the hydroxyl radicals generation

Analyse de zones d’activités à partir des résidus chimiques sur les sols d’occupation du site de Loma de Piriticuaro dans la région du Balsas moyen, Michoacan, Mexique

International audienceDespite its large quantities of archaeological remains, the Middle Balsas region has been the subject of few archaeological excavations. In 2015, a preventive archaeology project was developed in this region, as part of the construction of a dam close to Chiguero, Huetamo municipality. Following a first six-month fieldwork, several settlements were located, including Loma de Piriticuaro. The extensive excavations carried out in this site uncovered architectural remains, including a series of rooms with stucco floors whose good conservation has allowed sampling for chemical residue analysis. This paper presents the results of the analyses and provides interpretations of the function of the different soils and, more broadly, of the site.A pesar de la existencia de una gran cantidad de sitios arqueológicos en la región del río Balsas en el estado de Michoacán, pocos han sido sujetos a excavaciones arqueológicas. En 2015 se desarrolló un proyecto de salvamento arqueológico como parte de los trabajos de la construcción de una presa en la localidad de Chiguero en el municipio de Huetamo. Tras una primera temporada de seis meses de campo se localizaron varios asentamientos, entre ellos el sitio Loma de Piritícuaro. En este sitio, se realizaron excavaciones extensivas que evidenciaron una serie de cuarterías con pisos de aplanados de cal. Gracias a su buena conservación pudieron tomarse muestras para la realización de un análisis de residuos químicos. En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de dichos análisis, así como las interpretaciones funcionales de los pisos, y de manera más amplia del sitio.En dépit de ses grandes quantités de vestiges archéologiques, la région du Balsas moyen a fait l’objet de peu de fouilles archéologiques. En 2015, un projet en archéologie préventive a été développé dans cette région, dans le cadre de la construction d’un barrage près de la localité de Chiguero, commune de Huetamo. A la suite d’une première campagne de six mois, plusieurs sites ont été localisés dont celui de Loma de Piriticuaro qui a fait l’objet de fouilles extensives. Celles-ci ont mis au jour des restes architectoniques, dont une série de pièces pourvues de sols stuqués dont la bonne conservation a permis un échantillonnage en vue de l’analyse des résidus chimiques. Cet article présente les résultats des analyses et propose des interprétations sur la fonction des différents sols et, plus largement, du site

Alternative Eco-Friendly Methods in the Control of Post-Harvest Decay of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits

The effectiveness on several fruits by the application of alternative methods against fungi is summarized in the present chapter. Several investigations have reported the efficacy of these technologies for controlling fungal infections. Currently, high post-harvest loses have been reported due to several factors such as inefficient management, lack of training for farmers, and problems with appropriate conditions for storage of fruits and vegetables. Even now, in many countries, post-harvest disease control is led by the application of chemical fungicides. However, in this time, awareness about fungi resistance, environmental, and health issues has led to the research of eco-friendly and effective alternatives for disease management. The pathogen establishment on fruits can be affected by the application of GRAS compounds like chitosan, essential oils, salts, among others; besides, their efficacy can be enhanced by their combination with other technologies like ultrasound. Thus, the applications of these alternatives are suitable approaches for post-harvest management of fruits

Economía y finanzas sociales: avances en la investigación

Esta obra colectiva propone un cambio de paradigma en la investigación científica, financiera y económica, cuyo centro de atención es reducir las desigualdades sociales y económicas, mejorar la sostenibilidad ambiental y la creación eficiente de valor económico. Desde un punto de vista crítico y mediante diversos enfoques teóricos, metodológicos y disciplinares, los autores analizan el esquema financiero predominante en las economías de mercado, al tiempo que abordan temas como la inclusión financiera, la banca ética o las experiencias e intervenciones en y sobre la economía social.ITESO, A.C

Inter-Rater Variability in the Evaluation of Lung Ultrasound in Videos Acquired from COVID-19 Patients

12 páginas, 7 figuras, 1 tablaLung ultrasound (LUS) allows for the detection of a series of manifestations of COVID-19, such as B-lines and consolidations. The objective of this work was to study the inter-rater reliability (IRR) when detecting signs associated with COVID-19 in the LUS, as well as the performance of the test in a longitudinal or transverse orientation. Thirty-three physicians with advanced experience in LUS independently evaluated ultrasound videos previously acquired using the ULTRACOV system on 20 patients with confirmed COVID-19. For each patient, 24 videos of 3 s were acquired (using 12 positions with the probe in longitudinal and transverse orientations). The physicians had no information about the patients or other previous evaluations. The score assigned to each acquisition followed the convention applied in previous studies. A substantial IRR was found in the cases of normal LUS (κ = 0.74), with only a fair IRR for the presence of individual B-lines (κ = 0.36) and for confluent B-lines occupying 50% (κ = 0.50). No statistically significant differences between the longitudinal and transverse scans were found. The IRR for LUS of COVID-19 patients may benefit from more standardized clinical protocols.This research was partially funded by CDTI (Spanish acronym: Centre for Industrial Tech- nological Development), funding number COI-20201153. Partially supported by the Google Cloud Research Credits program with the funding number GCP19980904, by the project RTI2018-099118- A-I00 founded by MCIU/AEI/FEDER UE and by the European Commission–NextGenerationEU, through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global)

Evidence of human occupation in Mexico around the Last Glacial Maximum

The initial colonization of the Americas remains a highly debated topic1 , and the exact timing of the frst arrivals is unknown. The earliest archaeological record of Mexico—which holds a key geographical position in the Americas—is poorly known and understudied. Historically, the region has remained on the periphery of research focused on the frst Americanpopulations2 . However, recent investigations provide reliable evidence of a human presence in the northwest region of Mexico3,4 , the Chiapas Highlands5 , Central Mexico6 and the Caribbean coast7–9 during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene epochs. Here we present results of recent excavations at Chiquihuite Cave—a high-altitude site in central-northern Mexico—that corroborate previous fndings in the Americas10–17of cultural evidence that dates to the Last Glacial Maximum (26,500–19,000years ago)18, and which push back dates for human dispersal to the region possibly as early as 33,000–31,000years ago. The site yielded about 1,900stone artefacts within a 3-m-deep stratifed sequence, revealing a previously unknown lithic industry that underwent only minor changes over millennia. More than 50radiocarbon and luminescence dates provide chronological control, and genetic, palaeoenvironmental and chemical data document the changing environments in which the occupants lived. Our results provide new evidence for the antiquity of humans in the Americas, illustrate the cultural diversity of the earliest dispersal groups (which predate those of the Clovis culture) and open new directions of research

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation