115 research outputs found
Jejunal microvilli atrophy and reduced nutrient transport in rats with advanced liver cirrhosis: improvement by Insulin-like Growth Factor I
Es reproducción del documenteo publicado en http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-4-12Background: Previous results have shown that in rats with non-ascitic cirrhosis there is an altered transport of sugars and amino acids associated with elongated microvilli. These alterations returned to normal with the administration of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I). The aims of this study were to explore the evolution of these alterations and analyse the effect of IGF-I in rats with advanced cirrhosis and ascites. Thus, jejunal structure and nutrient transport (D-galactose, L-leucine, L-proline, L-glutamic acid and L-cystine) were studied in rats with ascitic cirrhosis.
Methods: Advanced cirrhosis was induced by CCl4 inhalation and Phenobarbital administration for 30 weeks. Cirrhotic animals were divided into two groups which received IGF-I or saline during two weeks. Control group was studied in parallel. Jejunal microvilli were studied by electron microscopy. Nutrient transport was assessed in brush border membrane vesicles using C-14 or S-35-labelled subtracts in the three experimental groups. Results: Intestinal active Na+-dependent transport was significantly reduced in untreated cirrhotic rats. Kinetic studies showed a decreased V-max and a reduced affinity for sugar and four amino acids transporters ( expressed as an increased K-t) in the brush border membrane vesicles from untreated cirrhotic rats as compared with controls. Both parameters were normalised in the IGF-I-treated cirrhotic group. Electron microscopy showed elongation and fusion of microvilli with degenerative membrane lesions and/or notable atrophy.
Conclusions: The initial microvilli elongation reported in non ascitic cirrhosis develops into atrophy in rats with advanced cirrhosis and nutrient transports (monosaccharides and amino acids) are progressively reduced. Both morphological and functional alterations improved significantly with low doses of IGF-I
GW150914: First search for the electromagnetic counterpart of a gravitational-wave event by the TOROS collaboration
We present the results of the optical follow-up conducted by the TOROS
collaboration of the first gravitational-wave event GW150914. We conducted
unfiltered CCD observations (0.35-1 micron) with the 1.5-m telescope at Bosque
Alegre starting ~2.5 days after the alarm. Given our limited field of view
(~100 square arcmin), we targeted 14 nearby galaxies that were observable from
the site and were located within the area of higher localization probability.
We analyzed the observations using two independent implementations of
difference-imaging algorithms, followed by a Random-Forest-based algorithm to
discriminate between real and bogus transients. We did not find any bona fide
transient event in the surveyed area down to a 5-sigma limiting magnitude of
r=21.7 mag (AB). Our result is consistent with the LIGO detection of a binary
black hole merger, for which no electromagnetic counterparts are expected, and
with the expected rates of other astrophysical transients.Comment: ApJ Letters, in pres
Monitoring the complex benthic habitat on semi-dark underwater marine caves using photogrammetry-based 3D reconstructions
Marine caves are dark environments considered a priority habitat for conservation included
in the EU Habitats Directive (H8330). They harbor fragile benthic communities and
represent a major reservoir of marine biodiversity. However, there is a lack of knowledge of
these habitats due to the difficulties of creating detailed benthic maps and characterizing
the biodiversity, structure, and dynamics of their communities. The uniqueness of marine
caves fosters their popularity among recreational divers, who can cause disturbances
through abrasion of the biota, resuspension of sediment, and accumulation of exhaled air
bubbles in the caves' ceilings. This study aims to build a monitoring framework to
characterize the structure and temporal dynamics of this complex habitat using Structurefrom-
Motion (SfM) photogrammetry. SfM is a novel, non-invasive technique that allows a
major advancement in the monitoring of changes in the cave’s community assemblages. This
method relies on images acquired by 4K video footage to build fine-scaled 3D digital models
of the substrate using overlapping imagery. For this study, we combined SfM
photogrammetry and photo quadrats extracted from the video recordings. We evaluate the
effectiveness of this methodology in a marine cave highly frequented by divers, located in
Illa de l’Aire (Balearic Islands, Spain), and carried out two surveys before and after the
diving season (2019-2021). As a result, we found a loss of 25 colonies of bryozoans with
fragile skeletons, like Schizoretepora sp., and 8 individual sponges with globose
morphotypes. Our results indicate that this methodology enables accurate and efficient
monitoring of benthic communities in underwater caves that allow us to better understand
their dynamics and, therefore, to develop the need management measures
Machine learning on difference image analysis: A comparison of methods for transient detection
We present a comparison of several Difference Image Analysis (DIA) techniques, in combination with Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, applied to the identification of optical transients associated to gravitational wave events. Each technique is assessed based on the scoring metrics of Precision, Recall, and their harmonic mean F1, measured on the DIA results as standalone techniques, and also in the results after the application of ML algorithms, on transient source injections over simulated and real data. These simulations cover a wide range of instrumental configurations, as well as a variety of scenarios of observation conditions, by exploring a multi dimensional set of relevant parameters, allowing us to extract general conclusions related to the identification of transient astrophysical events. The newest subtraction techniques, and particularly the methodology published in Zackay et al., (2016) are implemented on an Open Source Python package, named properimage, suitable for many other astronomical image analyses. This together, with the ML libraries we describe, provides an effective transient detection software pipeline. Here we study the effects of the different ML techniques, and the relative feature importances for classification of transient candidates, and propose an optimal combined strategy. This constitutes the basic elements of pipelines that could be applied in searches of electromagnetic counterparts to GW sources.Fil: Sánchez, Bruno Orlando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Dominguez Romero, Mariano Javier de Leon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Lares Harbin Latorre, Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Beroiz, Martin Isidro Ramon. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Cabral, Juan Bautista. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura; ArgentinaFil: Gurovich, Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Quiñones, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Artola, Rodolfo Alfredo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Colazo, Carlos A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Schneiter, Ernesto Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Girardini, Carla. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Tornatore, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Nilo Castellón, José Luis. Universidad de La Serena; ChileFil: Garcia Lambas, Diego Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba. Instituto de Astronomía Teórica y Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Mario Coma. University of Texas At Brownsville. Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy; Estados Unido
COP1 destabilizes DELLA proteins in Arabidopsis
DELLA transcriptional regulators are central components in the control of plant growth responses to the environment. This control is considered to be mediated by changes in the metabolism of the hormones gibberellins (GAs), which promote the degradation of DELLAs. However, here we show that warm temperature or shade reduced the stability of a GA-insensitive DELLA allele in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, the degradation of DELLA induced by the warmth preceded changes in GA levels and depended on the E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1). COP1 enhanced the degradation of normal and GA-insensitive DELLA alleles when coexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. DELLA proteins physically interacted with COP1 in yeast, mammalian, and plant cells. This interaction was enhanced by the COP1 complex partner SUPRESSOR OF phyA-105 1 (SPA1). The level of ubiquitination of DELLA was enhanced by COP1 and COP1 ubiquitinated DELLA proteins in vitro. We propose that DELLAs are destabilized not only by the canonical GA-dependent pathway but also by COP1 and that this control is relevant for growth responses to shade and warm temperature.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and Agencia Española de Investigación/Fondo Europeo para el Desarrollo Regional/Unión Europea (grants BIO2016-79133-P to D.A. and BIO2013-46539-R and BIO2016-80551-R to V.R.); the European Union SIGNAT-Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (Grant H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014-644435 to M.A.B., D.A., and J.J.C.); the Argentinian Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (Grant Proyectos de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica-2016-1459 to J.J.C.); Universidad de Buenos Aires (grant 20020170100505BA to J.J.C.); the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (awards R01GM067837 and R01GM056006 to S.A.K.); the German Research Foundation (DFG) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy/Initiative (Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences – Excellence Cluster EXC-2048/1, Project ID 390686111 to M.D.Z.); the International Max Planck Research School of the Max Planck Society; the Universities of Düsseldorf and of Cologne to T.B.; Nordrhein Westfalen Bioeconomy Science Center-FocusLabs CombiCom to N.H. and M.D.Z.; and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (Project LQ1601 Central European Institute of Technology 2020 to B.B. and M.C.). N.B.-T., E.I., and M.G.-L. were supported by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad-Formación de Personal Investigador Program fellowships
MAPPING COMMUNITY INTEREST HABITATS IN THE COLUMBRETES ARCHIPELAGO, AN EXTRAORDINARY HOT SPOT OF BIODIVERSITY
The Columbretes Archipelago and their submerged surroundings are part of an unusual,
Pleistocene volcanic field located in the Western Mediterranean designated as a Site of
Community Importance (SCI) of the Natura 2000 Network. In the present study, 4 benthic
habitats of community interest (1110, 1170, 1180 and 8330) have been identified by analyzing
several sources of information. Generalized additive models (GAMs) have been used to model
the potential distribution of reefs (1170) and maërl beds (1110). Our results highlight the
diversity and extent of these habitats and allow comparisons to other marine SCIs of Spain. This
can be attributed to the variability of the environment of this site. The Columbretes Islands
combine a relatively shallow environment with volcanic structures, hydrothermalism with active
degassing, current-driven sedimentary lobes and the influence of inland flows. Understanding
high biodiversity spots is crucial as they offer natural laboratories to describe how ecosystems
respond to the effects of global change. The knowledge obtained will be of paramount
importance for the conservation of species and habitats. Furthermore, it will establish a
baseline for future monitoring and assist in the development of effective management plans
Inter-Rater Variability in the Evaluation of Lung Ultrasound in Videos Acquired from COVID-19 Patients
12 páginas, 7 figuras, 1 tablaLung ultrasound (LUS) allows for the detection of a series of manifestations of COVID-19,
such as B-lines and consolidations. The objective of this work was to study the inter-rater reliability
(IRR) when detecting signs associated with COVID-19 in the LUS, as well as the performance of the
test in a longitudinal or transverse orientation. Thirty-three physicians with advanced experience in
LUS independently evaluated ultrasound videos previously acquired using the ULTRACOV system
on 20 patients with confirmed COVID-19. For each patient, 24 videos of 3 s were acquired (using
12 positions with the probe in longitudinal and transverse orientations). The physicians had no
information about the patients or other previous evaluations. The score assigned to each acquisition
followed the convention applied in previous studies. A substantial IRR was found in the cases of
normal LUS (κ = 0.74), with only a fair IRR for the presence of individual B-lines (κ = 0.36) and for
confluent B-lines occupying 50%
(κ = 0.50). No statistically significant differences between the longitudinal and transverse scans were
found. The IRR for LUS of COVID-19 patients may benefit from more standardized clinical protocols.This research was partially funded by CDTI (Spanish acronym: Centre for Industrial Tech-
nological Development), funding number COI-20201153. Partially supported by the Google Cloud
Research Credits program with the funding number GCP19980904, by the project RTI2018-099118-
A-I00 founded by MCIU/AEI/FEDER UE and by the European Commission–NextGenerationEU,
through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global)
Conviviendo en Positivo: Educación en salud, Atención Consciente, Compasión activa y Resiliencia
Proyecto de innovación docente enfocado en valores nucleares y convivencia en una sociedad serodiscordante, es continuidad del P89/2018, titulado “competencias intra e interpersonales, sexo consciente, fármacos y mindfulness”. Durante el primer semestre, desde el paradigma de aprendizaje cooperativo, basado en resolución de proyectos, se desarrolló la investigación documental, reflexión y debate sobre estos centros de interés: valores nucleares & VIH: abordaje de la seropositividad; adherencia terapéutica; estudio PARTNER indetectable es igual a intransmisible; profilaxis pre-exposición (PrEP); convivir en serodiscordancia; encuestas sobre estigmatización y discriminación social y sanitaria; riesgos globales de la discriminación terapéutica; relaciones interpersonales y emociones aflictivas; mindfulness y compasión basado en la evidencia; psicología positiva y resiliencia. En el segundo semestre, durante la fase cero del estado de alerta sanitaria, se desarrolló una intervención psicoeducativa, dirigida a facilitar estrategias que ayudasen a gestionar mejor el impacto emocional generado por la incertidumbre, la restricción de movilidad territorial, el confinamiento, y el miedo al contagio de la COVID-19. Perpetuar el estigma ante VIH, es una violación de los derechos humanos. Como antídoto a la indiferencia, se integró en nuestra intervención el fomento de la compasión activa, entendida como un sentido básico de cuidado, sensibilidad y apertura hacia el sufrimiento propio y de los demás, y la intención genuina de intentar aliviarlo y prevenirlo. La pandemia generada por el SARS-CoV-2 es una oportunidad para entender que ante este virus, aquí y ahora, la única opción es prevenirlo, detectarlo mediante pruebas y confinarlo, es decir no transmitirlo y no reinfectarse. Si de forma transversal somos capaces de interiorizarlo y normalizar la convivencia en serodiscordancia, si normalizamos las pruebas diagnósticas rutinarias, podremos entre todas y todos reducir hasta un 90% la transmisión activa otra pandemia de la que hoy no se habla, del VIH, de este modo conseguiríamos minimizar la aparición de nuevos casos, frenar su avance y vencer definitivamente al SIDA
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