Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Wastewater: Analysis of the Past and Present Global Research Activities

The authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the Pre-doctoral Contract for the Training of Research Staff under the 2019 Research and Transfer Plan (PPIT2019).Water pollution is a worldwide problem. Water consumption increases at a faster rate than population and this leads to a higher pollution rate. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) include proposals aimed at ensuring the availability of clean water and its sustainable management (Goal 6), as well as the conservation and sustainable use of oceans and seas. The current trend consists in trying to reconcile economic growth with sustainability, avoiding the negative externalities for the environment generated by human activity. More specifically, the objective of this article is to present the evolution of the research regarding the removal of polluting pharmaceuticals that are discharged into wastewater. To do that, a bibliometric analysis of 2938 articles comprising the period 1979–2020 has been carried out. This analysis includes productivity indicators in the scientific field: journals, authors, research institutions and countries. In addition, keyword analysis allows the identification of four main axes of the research regarding the removal of pharmaceutical residues found in wastewater. The first group of articles is aimed at identifying the pharmaceuticals present in polluting effluents. The second and third groups of articles focus on presenting the procedures that enable the treatment of emerging contaminants, either from a biological point of view (second group) or a physicochemical point of view (third group). The fourth group refers to water quality and its possibilities to be reused. Finally, there is a growing trend of worldwide scientific publications, which justifies the importance of polluting residues management, especially those of pharmaceutical origin, in order to achieve a more sustainable society

Fuzzy logic programs as hypergraphs. Termination results

Graph theory has been a useful tool for logic programming in many aspects. In this paper, we propose an equivalent representation of multi-adjoint logic programs using hypergraphs, which are a generalization of classical graphs that allows the use of hypergraph theory in logic programming. Specifically, this representation has been considered in this paper to increase the level and flexibility of different termination results of the computation of the least model of fuzzy logic programs via the immediate consequence operator. Consequently, the least model of more general and versatile fuzzy logic programs can be obtained after finitely many iterations, although infinite programs or programs with loops and general aggregators will be consideredAgencia Estatal de Investigación PID2019-108991GB-I00Junta de Andalucía FEDER-UCA18-108612European Union COST Action CA1712

Evaluación del desempeño medioambiental del sector agrícola de América Latina y el Caribe bajo el supuesto de eficiencia natural y gerencial, utilizando DEA

This study uses the Data Envelopment Analysis to measure the agricultural environmental performance under the assumption of natural and managerial disposability, but also evaluates the Returns to Scale and Damages to Scale in Latin America and the Caribbean during 2012. Seven agricultural variables are analyzed: animal feed, fertilizers, capital stock, labor, land, value of the gross agricultural production and agricultural emissions (CO2eq). The results found that the Bahamas, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Mexico attained the maximum efficiency level in all efficiency measurements. These countries present the best performances compared with the other countries evaluatedEste estudio utiliza el Análisis de Envolventes de Datos para medir el desempeño medioambiental agrícola de América Latina y el Caribe; con suposición de natural y managerial disposability, y rendimientos a escala y daños a escala; durante 2012. Se utilizan siete variables: alimentación animal, fertilizantes, reserva de capital, mano de obra, tierra, valor de la producción agrícola y emisiones agrícolas (CO2eq). Los resultados muestran que las Bahamas, Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica y México alcanzaron el máximo nivel de eficiencia en todas las mediciones de eficiencia. Estos países presentan el mejor desempeño en comparación con el resto de países evaluadosJunta de Andalucía SEJ-132Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad TIN2013-46801-C4-1-rJunta de Andalucía P11-TIC-805

Evaluación del desempeño medioambiental de Sector Agrícola de América Latina y el Caribe utilizando el DEA e Índice de Malmquist

El análisis de la productividad agrícola y su evaluación supone una importante base para elaborar políticas destinadas al desarrollo económico, para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria y mejorar la renta de los agricultores. La literatura es amplia en este tema, si bien son pocos los trabajos que evalúan la eficiencia medioambiental de la agricultura, en particular para América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Este enfoque es esencial para el diseño de las políticas económicas y ambientales de cualquier Estado y, en definitiva, para el desarrollo sostenible de este sector. Esta investigación utiliza el Análisis Envolvente de Datos para evaluar la eficiencia medioambiental de 25 países de ALC bajo dos conceptos: natural disposability y managerial disposability. Se incorpora al análisis el índice de Malmquist para determinar el grado de desplazamiento, el progreso tecnológico, y la frontera de eficiencia para el periodo de 2000-2012. La medición de este índice se utiliza considerando que existe un cruce entre las fronteras de eficiencias de los dos años consecutivos. Se han considerado seis variables inputs: alimentación animal, fertilizantes, mano de obra agrícola, reserva de capital-cultivo, reserva de capital-ganado y la tierra agrícola; y dos variables outputs: producción agrícola y las emisiones de CO2 equivalente agrícolas. Los resultados indican mayor eficiencia bajo el supuesto de natural disposability siempre por arriba de la eficiencia bajo managerial disposability, sin embargo, en ambas fronteras hay evidencia de mejoras en la productividad debido a los progresos tecnológicos en los países evaluadosMinisterio de Economia y Competitividad TIN2013-46801-C4-1-rMinisterio de Economia y Competitividad P11-TIC-8052Junta de Andalucía P11-TIC-7124Junta de Andalucía SEJ-13

Medición de los rendimientos a escala y daños a escala en la evaluación natural y managerial del sector agrícola de América Latina y el Caribe, utilizando DEA

Este trabajo analiza la eficiencia unificada bajo tres enfoques natural disposability, managerial disposability, y bajo los dos anteriores juntos natural y managerial disposability. Además analiza los tipos de Rendimientos a Escala (RTS) y los Daños a Escala (DTS), en el sector agrícola de América Latina y El Caribe (ALC) durante el año 2012. Las diferentes medidas se estiman utilizando la técnica matemática no paramétrica Análisis de Envolvente de Datos (DEA), para la evaluación medioambiental, que permite descomponer el desempeño agrícola en medidas de eficiencia. Para ello, se utilizan las ocho variables convencionales de la agricultura: la alimentación animal, consumo de fertilizantes, reserva de capital-cultivo, reserva de capital-ganado, población económicamente activa, la tierra agrícola, valor de la producción agrícola y emisiones agrícolas. Los resultados obtenidos indican una mayor eficiencia bajo natural disposability en los países evaluados. Bajo este enfoque, la mayoría de los países presentan RTS constantes y RTS decrecientes, mientras bajo managerial disposability tienden a DTS constantes y DTS crecientesMinisterio de Economia y Competitividad TIN2013-46801-C4-1-rMinisterio de Economia y Competitividad P11-TIC-8052Junta de Andalucía P11-TIC-7124Junta de Andalucía SEJ-13

A Novel Cause-Effect Variable Analysis in Enterprise Architecture by Fuzzy Logic Techniques

In this paper, or present a new integration approach for managing Information Technology variables within enterprise architecture in an integrated way. Additionially, a novel method based on fuzzy logic for cause-effect variable analysis is proposed as a useful support decision-making tool for companies in order to lmow the main actions they must perform for increasing their benefits. This is employed to assess the Integration Management System in Enterprises, based on Enterprise Architecture and Information Technology. We show as fuzzy logic plays an important role M this area due to these variables can be affected for multifactorial elements iinpregnated with uncertainty. The knowledge given by the experts is translated into dependence rules, Which have also been analyzed from a fuzzy point of view using a combination of two fuzzy techniques, namely, fuzzy relation equation theory and fuzzy graph. Firstly, fuzzy dependence rules are computed froth fuzzy relation equations and, secondly an analysis based on incidence subgraph is performed. The resulLisa strategic plan automatically generated from the data captured of each enterprise in which the most import variables to be improved are detailed. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARI.

Synthesis, properties, and some rhodium, iridium, and platinum complexes of a series of bulky m-terphenylphosphine ligands

A series of sterically demanding aryl phosphine ligands (L) bearing terphenyl substituents, PR2Ar′ (R = hydrocarbyl, Ar′ = 2,6-diarylphenyl radical) has been prepared and characterized. The stability of these ligands towards oxidation in the air has been tested, and theoretical and experimental studies aimed to provide information on their electronic and steric properties have been performed. Treatment of the metal dimers [MCl(COD)]2(M = Rh, Ir; COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with ligands PMe2ArXyl2(L1) and PMe2ArDipp2(L5), in a 1:1 metal:ligand ratio, afforded the expected square-planar 16-electron complexes [MCl(COD)(PMe2ArXyl2)] and [MCl(COD)(PMe2ArDipp2)], respectively. These compounds were readily converted into the corresponding dicarbonyl derivatives, [MCl(CO)2(PMe2ArXyl2)] and [MCl(CO)2(PMe2ArDipp2)], respectively. While the expected κ1-P coordination mode of the PR2Ar′ ligands is found for these rhodium and iridium species, the mononuclear Pt(II) derivative obtained by reaction of PtCl2with PMe2ArDipp2has composition [PtCl2(PMe2ArDipp2)], and exhibits a bidentate κ1-P, η1-arene coordination mode involving one of the ipso carbon atoms of a flanking terphenyl aryl ring. The corresponding carbonyl compound [PtCl2(CO)(PMe2ArDipp2)], was generated under a CO atmosphere and exhibits κ1-P coordination mode.Ministerio de Ciencia CTQ2013-42501-P, CTQ2014-51912-REDC, CTQ-2014-52769-C3-3-RJunta de Andalucía FQM-119 P09-FQM-4832, FQM-2126European Union 26722

Construcción europea y conformación del espacio público europeo

Sin resume

Los supuestos de un deber ético en el Antropoceno: aportes desde el pensamiento decolonial latinoamericano

The encounter with the new world is an important starting point for discussing the cultural bases of the Anthropocene. Consequently, this fundamental debate should start by relocating modernity and thereby providing a different cartography for the expression of certain ideas and values that have fueled the environmental crisis. Inside this debate, we present some differences with Arias Maldonado’s position, especially regarding the place from which he expresses his ideas. Among the multiple aspects derived from this discussion, this paper ponders on some comments on the Cartesian ego—the fundamental pillar of modernity—from the decolonial perspective proposed by Dussel (according to whom coloniality is constitutive of modernity rather than derivative). From this point of view, this article suggests that the fundamental problem that prepared the ground for the Anthropocene is modernity in its colonial sense. In addition, it proposes that it would be more appropriate to refer to a modern Anthropocene or modern European Anthropocene instead of the universalist concept of Anthropocene.El encuentro con el nuevo mundo es un punto de partida importante para pensar las bases culturales del Antropoceno. Desde este punto de vista, el debate fundamental debe partir por resituar la modernidad y con ello darle una cartografía diferente a la forma como se han manifestado determinadas ideas y valores que fueron el fuego que avivó la acción de la crisis ambiental. Dentro de este debate, exponemos algunas diferencias con los puntos de vista de Arias Maldonado, especialmente en relación con el lugar de enunciación de sus planteamientos. Dentro de las múltiples aristas que se derivan de la discusión, el texto se detiene en algunos comentarios sobre el ego cartesiano, pilar fundamental de la modernidad desde la perspectiva decolonial planteada por Dussel, para quien la colonialidad es constitutiva de la modernidad y no derivativa. Desde este punto de vista, este artículo sugiere que el problema fundamental que abonó el terreno para el Antropoceno es la modernidad en su sentido colonial, y se propone que fuera más adecuado hablar de modernoantropoceno o antropomodernoceno europeo, que del concepto universalista de Antropoceno