RACMA o cómo dar vida a un mapa mudo en el Museo de América

La Realidad Aumentada es una tecnología que permite aumentar el mundo real que percibimos con elementos virtuales interactivos. En este artículo describimos el uso de esta tecnología en el Museo de América de Madrid, sobre un mapa mudo del continente americano en el que, gracias a la Realidad Aumentada creamos personajes que dan vida al mapa y proporcionan información sobre las culturas presentes en el museo

Situación de la sífilis congénita en España 2010-2019

[ES] La sífilis congénita es una enfermedad causada por la infección en el útero del Treponema pallidum. En 2016, la Organización Mundial de la Salud marcó el objetivo global de eliminar los casos de sífilis congénita para 2030. En este estudio se ha analizado la situación de la sífilis congénita en España en el periodo 2010-2019. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo a partir de los casos confirmados de sífilis congénita precoz notificados a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE). Se incluyeron 32 casos confirmados, lo que supone una tasa global de 0,76 por 100.000 nacidos vivos. En 9 Comunidades Autónomas no se notificó ningún caso entre 2010 y 2019. La mediana de edad al diagnóstico fue de 2 días y el 53,1% eran niñas. La mayoría de los casos se encontraban asintomáticos y la manifestación clínica más frecuente fue la hepatoesplenomegalia. El 65,6% de las madres eran inmigrantes, situación similar a la observada en los países de la Unión Europea. Aunque los casos que se producen en nuestro entorno son muy pocos, es fundamental poder conocer e identificar en qué situación se han producido, de manera que se puedan establecer todas las medidas de prevención y control necesarias y oportunas para poder eliminar totalmente los casos de sífilis congénita en España. [EN] Congenital syphilis is a disease caused by Treponema pallidum infection in the uterus. In 2016, the World Health Organization launched the goal to eliminate the cases of congenital syphilis by 2030. This study has analyzed the situation of congenital syphilis in Spain in the period 2010-2019. A descriptive analysis was carried out from the early congenital syphilis confirmed cases notified to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network. Thirty-two confirmed cases were included, which represents an overall rate of 0.76 per 100.000 live births. In 9 Autonomous Communities, no case was reported between 2010 and 2019. The median age at diagnosis was 2 days and 53.1% were girls. Most of the cases were asymptomatic and the most frequent clinical manifestation was hepatosplenomegaly. A 65.6% of the mother were migrants, a situation similar to that observed in the countries of the European Union.N

Análisis de la evolución de la hepatitis B aguda en España, 2008-2018.

[ES] La hepatitis B es una enfermedad vírica de distribución mundial. En 2016 la Organización Mundial de la Salud publicó su estrategia con el objetivo eliminar las hepatitis víricas como una amenaza para la salud pública en 2030. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la evolución de la hepatitis B aguda en España entre 2008-2018. Para ello se realizó un análisis descriptivo a partir de los casos de hepatitis B aguda notificados a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Para valorar la tendencia de las tasas en el periodo se utilizó el programa Jointpoint Regression Program. Se incluyeron 7.278 casos de los que 6.657 (91,5%) eran confirmados. Las tasas descendieron de forma significativa desde 2,12 a 0,92 casos por 100.000 entre 2008 y 2018. La tasa en hombres fue más elevada que en mujeres en todo el periodo y en ambos sexos se observa una tendencia decreciente. La edad media al diagnóstico aumentó desde 39,4 a 47,4 años. Se observa un desplazamiento de las tasas hacía grupos de edad superiores en los últimos años analizados, tanto de forma global como por sexo. Por Comunidad Autónoma se observa una tendencia descendente significativa en las tasas en ocho de ellas. La tendencia descendente observada en el periodo es similar a la situación en la Unión Europea, así como la distribución y evolución por edad y sexo. La vigilancia de esta enfermedad es esencial para monitorizar los progresos hacia su eliminación. [EN] Hepatitis B infection is a worldwide viral disease. In 2016, the World Health Organization published a strategy towards its elimination as a public health threat in 2030. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of acute hepatitis B infection, in Spain between 2008 and 2018. A descriptive analysis was performed based on the cases of acute hepatitis B notified to the National Epidemiological Surveillance Network. Jointpoint Regression Program was used to evaluate trends in rates. Overall, 7,278 cases were included, 6,657 (91.5%) of those were confirmed. Rates dropped significantly from 2.12 to 0.92 cases per 100,000 between 2008 and 2018. The sex pattern shows a greater involvement of men, but a decreasing trend is observed for both sexes. Mean age at diagnosis increased from 39.4 to 47.4. There is a shift in rates towards higher age groups in recent years, globally and by sex. By autonomous regions, there is a significant downward trend in rates being statistically significant in eight of them. Downward trend observed in the period is similar to that described in other European countries, as well as the distribution by age and sex. Surveillance of this disease is essential in order to monitor progress towards its elimination

Vigilancia epidemiológica de la infección por el VIH: situación en la Unión Europea y en España, 2018.

[ES] A continuación se presentan los principales resultados de la vigilancia de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en los países de la Unión Europa/Área Económica Europa (UE/AEE) y España correspondientes al año 2018, así como las tendencias en España en el periodo 2009-2018. La tasa de nuevos diagnósticos de VIH en España en 2018 fue superior a la media de la UE/AEE (8,6/100.000 habitantes en España y 5,8 en la UE/AEE, corregidas por retraso en la notificación), aunque es similar a la de otros países del entorno. La vía de transmisión más importante sigue siendo la sexual, ocupando el primer lugar las relaciones sexuales no protegidas entre hombres. Los datos muestran, tanto en España como en la UE/AEE, que casi la mitad de los nuevos diagnósticos en 2018 fueron tardíos y la tendencia se mantiene estable en los últimos años. El grupo de edad más afectado son los adultos entre 25 y 39 años. La tendencia de las tasas entre 2009 y 2018 es ligeramente descendente, variando según la categoría de transmisión. Entre personas que se inyectan drogas y los casos heterosexuales es decreciente. Por grupos de edad, la tendencia es descendente en todos ellos, excepto entre 25 y 29 años que se mantiene estable. [EN] This report shows the main results about HIV surveillance in European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) and Spain in 2018, and the trends in Spain in the period 2009-2018. The rate of new HIV diagnoses in Spain was higher than the average in UE/EEA (8.6/100.000 population in Spain and 5.8 in EU/EEA, adjusting for report delay), although is similar to other neighbor countries. Sexual transmission is still the most important route of transmission, and the unprotected sexual relationships between men were the highest proportion of cases. In Spain, as well as EU/EEA countries, nearly half of new HIV diagnosed in 2018 were late presenters and the trend remains stable. Adults aged between 25 and 39 years were the largest age group. The rate trend is slightly decreased during the period 2009-2018, changing by category of transmission. Among persons who injecting drugs and heterosexuals, the trend is descending. By age group, the trend is descending, except between 25 and 29 that remains stable

Synthesis and Leishmanicidal Activity of Novel Urea, Thiourea, and Selenourea Derivatives of Diselenides

A novel series of thirty-one N-substituted urea, thiourea, and selenourea derivatives containing diphenyldiselenide entities were synthesized, fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods, and screened for their in vitro leishmanicidal activities. The cytotoxic activity of these derivatives was tested against Leishmania infantum axenic amastigotes, and selectivity was assessed in human THP-1 cells. Thirteen of the synthesized compounds showed a significant antileishmanial activity, with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values lower than that for the reference drug miltefosine (EC50, 2.84¿¿M). In addition, the derivatives 9, 11, 42, and 47, with EC50 between 1.1 and 1.95¿¿M, also displayed excellent selectivity (selectivity index ranged from 12.4 to 22.7) and were tested against infected macrophages. Compound 11, a derivative with a cyclohexyl chain, exhibited the highest activity against intracellular amastigotes, with EC50 values similar to those observed for the standard drug edelfosine. Structure-activity relationship analyses revealed that N-aliphatic substitution in urea and selenourea is recommended for the leishmanicidal activity of these analogs. Preliminary studies of the mechanism of action for the hit compounds was carried out by measuring their ability to inhibit trypanothione reductase. Even though the obtained results suggest that this enzyme is not the target for most of these derivatives, their activity comparable to that of the standards and lack of toxicity in THP-1 cells highlight the potential of these compounds to be optimized for leishmaniasis treatment.Comunidad de MadridMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadFoundation for Applied Medical Investigatio

The NER-related gene GTF2H5 predicts survival in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients

We aimed to evaluate the prognostic and predictive value of the nucleotide excision repair-related gene GTF2H5, which is localized at the 6q24.2-26 deletion previously reported by our group to predict longer survival of high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. In order to test if protein levels of GTF2H5 are associated with patients' outcome, we performed GTF2H5 immunohistochemical staining in 139 high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas included in tissue microarrays. Upon stratification of cases into high- and low-GTF2H5 staining categories (> and ≤ median staining, respectively) Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test were used to estimate patients' survival and assess statistical differences. We also evaluated the association of GTF2H5 with survival at the transcriptional level by using the on-line Kaplan-Meier plotter tool, which includes gene expression and survival data of 855 high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients from 13 different datasets. Finally, we determined whether stable short hairpin RNA-mediated GTF2H5 downregulation modulates cisplatin sensitivity in the SKOV3 and COV504 cell lines by using cytotoxicity assays. Low expression of GTF2H5 was associated with longer 5-year survival of patients at the protein (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.93; p=0.024) and transcriptional level (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.97; p=0.023) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. We confirmed the association with 5-year overall survival (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.78; p=0.0007) and also found an association with progression-free survival (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.96; p=0.026) in a homogenous group of 388 high-stage (stages III-IV using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging system), optimally debulked high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients. GTF2H5- silencing induced a decrease of the half maximal inhibitory concentration upon cisplatin treatment in GTF2H5 -silenced ovarian cancer cells. Low levels of GTF2H5 are associated with enhanced prognosis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer patients and may contribute to cisplatin sensitization

The avoidance of G-CSF and the addition of prophylactic corticosteroids after autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma patients appeal for the at-home setting to reduce readmission for neutropenic fever

Background Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard of care for young multiple myeloma (MM) patients; indeed, at-home ASCT has been positioned as an appropriate therapeutic strategy. However, despite the use of prophylactic antibiotics, neutropenic fever (NF) and hospital readmissions continue to pose as the most important limitations in the outpatient setting. It is possible that the febrile episodes may have a non-infectious etiology, and engraftment syndrome could play a more significant role. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of both G-CSF withdrawal and the addition of primary prophylaxis with corticosteroids after ASCT. Methods Between January 2002 and August 2018, 111 MM patients conditioned with melphalan were managed at-home beginning +1 day after ASCT. Three groups were established: Group A (n = 33) received standard G-CSF post-ASCT; group B (n = 32) avoided G-CSF post-ASCT; group C (n = 46) avoided G-CSF yet added corticosteroid prophylaxis post-ASCT. Results The incidence of NF among the groups was reduced (64%, 44%, and 24%; P2 (OR 6.1; P = 0.002) and G-CSF avoidance plus corticosteroids (OR 0.1; P60 years (OR 14.6; P = 0.04) and G-CSF avoidance plus corticosteroids (OR 0.07; P = 0.05). Conclusions G-CSF avoidance and corticosteroid prophylaxis post ASCT minimize the incidence of NF in MM patients undergoing at-home ASCT. This approach should be explored in a prospective randomized clinical trial