Удосконалення комерційної діяльності як фактор підвищення конкурентоспроможності підприємства

Additional file 5. ELISA to assess the interaction between Campylobacter -specific nanobodies and purified MOMP. The saturation binding curve of the interaction between coated MOMP (1 µg/mL) and a His-tagged nanobody (1 × 10−6 to 1 × 102 µg/mL) was obtained via ELISA. The dose-dependent inhibitory effect of a strep-tagged nanobody (1 × 10−6 to 1 × 102 µg/mL) on the interaction between His-tagged Nb84 (5.10−2 µg/mL) and MOMP (1 µg/mL), is demonstrated in the competition binding curve. Inhibition by strep-tagged (A) Nb5, (B) Nb22, (C) Nb23, (D) Nb24, (E) Nb49, (F) 84, (G) Nb15, (H) Nb32, (I) Nb34, (J) Nb45, (K) Nb48 and (L) Nb63, was assessed. The ELISA was developed with mouse anti-Histidine tag monoclonal antibody and goat anti-mouse IgG conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The error bars represent the standard deviations

Priming is dispensable for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human monocytes in vitro

Interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β are potent pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer’s disease. They are produced as inactive precursors that are activated by large macromolecular complexes called inflammasomes upon sensing damage or pathogenic signals. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is regarded to require a priming step that causes NLRP3 and IL-1β gene upregulation, and also NLRP3 post-translational licencing. A subsequent activation step leads to the assembly of the complex and the cleavage of pro-IL-18 and pro-IL-1β by caspase-1 into their mature forms, allowing their release. Here we show that human monocytes, but not monocyte derived macrophages, are able to form canonical NLRP3 inflammasomes in the absence of priming. NLRP3 activator nigericin caused the processing and release of constitutively expressed IL-18 in an unprimed setting. This was mediated by the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome that was dependent on K+ and Cl− efflux and led to ASC oligomerization, caspase-1 and Gasdermin-D (GSDMD) cleavage. IL-18 release was impaired by the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 and by the absence of NLRP3, but also by deficiency of GSDMD, suggesting that pyroptosis is the mechanism of release. This work highlights the readiness of the NLRP3 inflammasome to assemble in the absence of priming in human monocytes and hence contribute to the very early stages of the inflammatory response when IL-1β has not yet been produced. It is important to consider the unprimed setting when researching the mechanisms of NLRP3 activation, as to not overshadow the pathways that occur in the absence of priming stimuli, which might only enhance this response

Multimedia learning scenarios in professional development of the novice university mathematics lecturers (ESCEMMAT-Univ) (2ªFase)

ningunaPreparar al profesorado novel de matemáticas para una docencia universitaria de calidad, en el desarrollo de competencias y conocimiento estratégico para aprender a enseñar Matemáticas. Ejemplificaciones e instrumentos de evaluación para el aula.To prepare new mathematics lecturers for quality university teaching, in the development of strategic knowledge and skills to learn how to teach Mathematics. Exemplifications and evaluation instruments for the classroom.Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y TopologíaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasFALSEVicerrectorado de Calidad, Universidad Complutense de Madridsubmitte

Multimedia learning scenarios in professional development of the novice university mathematics lecturers

Preparar al profesorado novel de matemáticas para una docencia universitaria de calidad, mediante el desarrollo de competencias y conocimiento estratégico para aprender a enseñar Matemáticas. Se desarrollan ejemplificaciones para ser implementadas.Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y TopologíaFac. de Ciencias MatemáticasFALSEsubmitte