Aplicación del enfoque integral de la labor educativa y político ideológica en la carrera de medicina. Application of the comprehensive approach for the educational and political-ideological work in medical studies

Con el propósito de hacer algunas consideraciones acerca de la aplicación de los Proyectos Integrales de Trabajo Educativo, sus bases teóricas y sus particularidades en los dos primeros años de la carrera de Medicina, basados en las experiencias obtenidas en la aplicación de los mismos en los primeros años de la carrera de Medicina, durante tres cursos académicos, se realiza un análisis del rol del colectivo de año como célula fundamental para el desarrollo del trabajo educativo, así como se exponen nuestras experiencias en el diseño de dichos proyectos y en la ejecución de sus tareas. Se reconoce al Enfoque Integral de la Labor Educativa y Político Ideológica de los estudiantes, como un escalón cualitativamente superior en la formación integral del futuro profesional revolucionario y se argumentan las limitaciones del currículo de la carrera de Medicina en cuanto al protagonismo de la disciplina principal integradora, que afectan el funcionamiento de los colectivos de años y de carrera. DeCS: TRABAJO EDUCATIVO, EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA, EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR.ABSTRACT A study was conducted with the purpose of establishing new considerations about the application of Comprehensive Projects for Educational Work, its theoretical bases and particular features on the first two academic courses of Medical Studies were analyzed from the experiences of their applications in the first years of Medical Studies, along three academic courses. An examination of the role played by the teaching group as a core to develop the educational work was carried out, the experiences regarding the design of such projects to perform the tasks, recognizing the Comprehensive Approach of the Educational and Political-Ideological Work of the students, a higher qualitative step on the comprehensive training of the future revolutionary health professional. The limiting factors of the syllabus regarding the leading role of the main comprehensive disciplines which affect the function of the teaching group in the academic courses of the medical studies were recognized as well. DeCS: Educational work; Medical Education; Higher Education

Efecto del aceite esencial de orégano mexicano Lippia graveolens en el crecimiento y supervivencia de crías de la tilapia Oreochromis niloticus: Efeito do óleo essencial de orégano mexicano Lippia graveolens no crescimento e sobrevivência de jovens tilápias Oreochromis niloticus

La tilapia del Nilo es una de las especies más cultivadas en el mundo, su producción en México se ha intensificado en los últimos años por lo que se requiere optimizar el rendimiento de esta especie mediante métodos alternativos naturales que no comprometan la salud humana. Evaluar el crecimiento y supervivencia en crías de tilapia Oreochromis niloticus con alimentos enriquecidos con aceite esencial de orégano Lippia graveolens a una concentración de: 0, 8, 10, 12,14%. Se utilizó un Diseño al Azar con 288 crías de tilapia (peso promedio 0.55 ± 0.19 g) distribuidas en 24 acuarios de 40 L. Se evaluaron seis tratamientos por cuadruplicado, dos grupos control: 1) alimento sin enriquecer y 2) alimento enriquecido con eritromicina, además de cuatro alimentos adicionados con dosis de 8, 10, 12 y 14 % de aceite esencial de orégano (AEO). Con los registros quincenales del peso y longitud se calcularon la Ganancia Diaria de Peso (GDP) y Tasa Específica de Crecimiento (TEC) para ser comparados mediante un análisis con contrastes ortogonales. Al final de la suplementación con AEO, las variables de crecimiento y supervivencia de los grupos experimentales de crías de tilapia no presentaron efectos lineales ni cuadráticos en los parámetros de ganancia diaria de peso, tasa específica de crecimiento, factor de condición, factor de conversión alimenticia y supervivencia (P>0.05); sin embargo, se observó una tendencia cuadrática en el peso final y ganancia diaria de peso, siendo el grupo tratado con AEO al 10% que presentó los valores más altos. La inclusión de aceite esencial de orégano no modificó de forma significativa las variables de respuesta en las crías de tilapia en un periodo de 90 días, sin embargo, se requiere de mayor investigación en el uso del AEO o en su caso prolongar los periodos de prueba

Evaluation of waste as a comparative criterion for building materials

In this paper, it analyzes and compares the use of three different materials (Reinforced Concrete -R. C.-, Steel and Wood) usable for the building, and construction processes that this entails. The analysis aimed to investigate which of the three materials is the most appropriate from the perspective of sustainability in order to propose alternatives that minimize the impact they have on the environment. Today, concrete is the material most commonly used in construction, and therefore must be environmental objective for reflection, that after analyzed, we can propose other typologies or alternative materials. The analysis included projects single-family housing for each of the materials and building systems proposed, these cases involved comparable properties within their specific environments (rules and context Spanish) and process variables normalization that validate the analysis. The work was developed using the software tool for managing, scheduling and forecasting of construction waste Net Waste Tool (NWT) Waste & Resources Action Programmer, in which, it proceeded entering data, characteristics, volumes, consumption and emissions of each entry or supplies described in the study variables, and in this way, determine and quantify the pollutants vectors generated by these. The analysis of the results obtained have been able to argue a selection of materials for building sustainable new approach to waste generation, understanding that at the end of a life cycle, process or matter that pollutes less is bestPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Competencia profesoral de metodólogos en resoluciones que norman el proceso docente educativo F.C.M. Pinar del río curso 06-07 / Profesoral Competence of Methodologists on the Resolutions that Regulate the Educative Teaching Process

Con el objetivo de analizar el grado de competencia de los metodólogos en cuanto a regulaciones que norman el desarrollo del Proceso Docente Educativo, se realizó un estudio en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. El universo estuvo constituido por los 110 Metodólogos que se desempeñan actualmente en los distintos territorios incluidos las sedes centrales. Se tomó como muestra a los 75 evaluados en la primera convocatoria a dicho examen, distribuidos en todos los territorios y abarcando por igual todos los escenarios formativos, lo que representó el 68% de evaluados. Se aplicó un instrumento evaluativo constituido por 5 preguntas de respuestas breves y ensayo largo, explorando contenidos de Resoluciones 3, 5, 15, 45, 106 muestreando conocimientos sobre matrícula e ingreso, asistencia, formas de organización de la enseñanza, trabajo metodológico y evaluación. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados a través del método porcentual aritmético relacionando los resultados con carreras, categoría docente y escenario donde se desempeñan los Metodólogos. Se demostró que el grado de preparación de los asesores de las carreras en cuanto a resoluciones evaluadas no es satisfactorio; aspecto en el cual la Sedes Centrales no mostraron diferencias significativas con relación a los territorios, resultando las temáticas evaluadas de mayor grado de dificultad las correspondientes al trabajo metodológico y evaluación con comportamiento similar por carrera y categoría docente. Palabras clave: EVALUACIÓN EDUCACIONAL, DOCENTE, EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA SUPERIOR, MÉTODOS. ABSTRACT In order to study the competence of methodologists concerning the regulations that regulate the development of the Educative Teaching Process, a study was carried out at Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna Medical School in Pinar del Río. The universe consisted of 120 methodologists working in the different areas, including the central facilities. 75 evaluated students were taken as a sample in the first convocation and they were similarly distributed in every territory and covering every training scenario (68% of evaluated students). An evaluative instrument consisted of 5 questions with short answers containing the following resolutions: 3, 5, 15, 45, 105, and showing items on register and enrollment, organization of the teaching programs, methodological work and evaluation. Data were processed using the percentage arithmetical method linking the outcomes of the study, teaching category and scenario where the methodologists work.It was demonstrated that the level of training on the resolutions is not satisfactory, being the methodological work and evaluation the most difficult themes with a similar behavior in the study and teaching category. Key words: EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION, TEACHING, HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION, METHODS

Competencia profesoral de metodólogos en resoluciones que norman el proceso docente educativo F.C.M. Pinar del río curso 06-07 / Profesoral Competence of Methodologists on the Resolutions that Regulate the Educative Teaching Process

Con el objetivo de analizar el grado de competencia de los metodólogos en cuanto a regulaciones que norman el desarrollo del Proceso Docente Educativo, se realizó un estudio en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río. El universo estuvo constituido por los 110 Metodólogos que se desempeñan actualmente en los distintos territorios incluidos las sedes centrales. Se tomó como muestra a los 75 evaluados en la primera convocatoria a dicho examen, distribuidos en todos los territorios y abarcando por igual todos los escenarios formativos, lo que representó el 68% de evaluados. Se aplicó un instrumento evaluativo constituido por 5 preguntas de respuestas breves y ensayo largo, explorando contenidos de Resoluciones 3, 5, 15, 45, 106 muestreando conocimientos sobre matrícula e ingreso, asistencia, formas de organización de la enseñanza, trabajo metodológico y evaluación. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados a través del método porcentual aritmético relacionando los resultados con carreras, categoría docente y escenario donde se desempeñan los Metodólogos. Se demostró que el grado de preparación de los asesores de las carreras en cuanto a resoluciones evaluadas no es satisfactorio; aspecto en el cual la Sedes Centrales no mostraron diferencias significativas con relación a los territorios, resultando las temáticas evaluadas de mayor grado de dificultad las correspondientes al trabajo metodológico y evaluación con comportamiento similar por carrera y categoría docente. Palabras clave: EVALUACIÓN EDUCACIONAL, DOCENTE, EDUCACIÓN MÉDICA SUPERIOR, MÉTODOS. ABSTRACT In order to study the competence of methodologists concerning the regulations that regulate the development of the Educative Teaching Process, a study was carried out at Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna Medical School in Pinar del Río. The universe consisted of 120 methodologists working in the different areas, including the central facilities. 75 evaluated students were taken as a sample in the first convocation and they were similarly distributed in every territory and covering every training scenario (68% of evaluated students). An evaluative instrument consisted of 5 questions with short answers containing the following resolutions: 3, 5, 15, 45, 105, and showing items on register and enrollment, organization of the teaching programs, methodological work and evaluation. Data were processed using the percentage arithmetical method linking the outcomes of the study, teaching category and scenario where the methodologists work.It was demonstrated that the level of training on the resolutions is not satisfactory, being the methodological work and evaluation the most difficult themes with a similar behavior in the study and teaching category. Key words: EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION, TEACHING, HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION, METHODS

Malaria falciparum y síndrome nefrótico: nuestras experiencias. Falciparum malaria and nephrotic Síndrome: Our experience

Las especies de Plasmodium que infectan al hombre son: P. vivax, P. Malariae, P. Ovale y P. Falciparum. En Mozambique, como en la mayor parte de la llamada África Subsahariana, la especie predominante es P. falciparum cloroquina resistente. La infección por P. falciparum es potencialmente mortal, tiende a manifestarse como una enfermedad febril sin signos localizados o específicos. En los casos más graves, sin embargo puede presentarse asociada a variados síndromes clínicos que plantean serios retos terapéuticos.Es reconocido que la malaria o paludismo puede asociarse a síndrome nefrótico y se han dado explicaciones de esta relación patogénica. En Mozambique, en un período de seis meses, tuvimos la oportunidad de tratar tres casos de Malaria falciparum grave, asociado a síndrome nefrótico.Divulgar y trasmitir las experiencias prácticas y consideraciones teóricas a propósito de uno de estos casos es la motivación de los autores de este trabajo. Palabras clave: PALUDISMO- MALARIA - Síndrome nefrÓtico ABSTRACT Plasmodiumspecies infecting man are the following: P.vivax, P. Malariae, P. Ovale and P. Falciparum. In Mozambique, like the biggest area from the so called Subsaharian Africa,the resistent-chloroquine P. Falciparum is the predominating specie in this area. The P. Falciparum infection is potentially fatal, with a trend to show as a febrile condition with no localized or specific signs. In more severe cases, however, it may be presented in association with different clinical syndromes which represent serious therapeutic challenges. It is not unknown that Malaria or Paludism may be associated with the Nephrotic Syndrome, and many explanations have been given on this pathogenic relatioship. In a sixth month's period in Mozambique we had the chance to test three severe cases of Falciparum Malaria associated with a Nephrotic Syndrome. Spreading the practical experience and theoretic considerations on one of these cases is the aim of this work. Key words: MALARIA, NEPHROTIC SYNDROM

Approach to the Spanish continental Neogene synthesis and paleoclimatic interpretation

Integrated studies on Neogene geology have been scarce in Spain, but attemps to stratigraphic and sedimentological analysis of continental Tertiary basins have increased considerably lately. The large extent of Neogene basins in Spain, the good quality of the outcrops and the abundance of fossil provide an excellent basis for this kind of studies

The Occurrence or Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus May Not Be Coincidental: A Report of Four Cases

Although clinical presentation of fibrillary glomerulonephritis is similar to most forms of glomerulonephritis, it is usually difficult to make the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations include proteinuria, microscopic haematuria, nephrotic syndrome, and impairment of renal function. A diagnosis of fibrillary glomerulonephritis is only confirmed by renal biopsy and it must comprise electronmicroscopy-verified ultrastructural findings. We report four cases between 45–50 years old with documented type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension. All patients were found to have fibrils on kidney biopsy. The differential diagnosis of fibrils in the setting of diabetes mellitus is also discussed

The ALHAMBRA survey: Estimation of the clustering signal encoded in the cosmic variance

[Aims]: The relative cosmic variance (σv) is a fundamental source of uncertainty in pencil-beam surveys and, as a particular case of count-in-cell statistics, can be used to estimate the bias between galaxies and their underlying dark-matter distribution. Our goal is to test the significance of the clustering information encoded in the σv measured in the ALHAMBRA survey. [Methods]: We measure the cosmic variance of several galaxy populations selected with B-band luminosity at 0.35 ≤ z< 1.05 as the intrinsic dispersion in the number density distribution derived from the 48 ALHAMBRA subfields. We compare the observational σv with the cosmic variance of the dark matter expected from the theory, σv,dm. This provides an estimation of the galaxy bias b. [Results]: The galaxy bias from the cosmic variance is in excellent agreement with the bias estimated by two-point correlation function analysis in ALHAMBRA. This holds for different redshift bins, for red and blue subsamples, and for several B-band luminosity selections. We find that b increases with the B-band luminosity and the redshift, as expected from previous work. Moreover, red galaxies have a larger bias than blue galaxies, with a relative bias of brel = 1.4 ± 0.2. [Conclusions]: Our results demonstrate that the cosmic variance measured in ALHAMBRA is due to the clustering of galaxies and can be used to characterise the σv affecting pencil-beam surveys. In addition, it can also be used to estimate the galaxy bias b from a method independent of correlation functions.This work has been mainly funded by the FITE (Fondos de Inversiones de Teruel) and the projects AYA2012-30789, AYA2006-14056, and CSD2007-00060. We also acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry for Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds through grants AYA2010-15081, AYA2010-15169, AYA2010-22111-C03-01, AYA2010-22111-C03-02, AYA2011-29517-C03-01, AYA2012-39620, AYA2013-40611-P, AYA2013-42227-P, AYA2013-43188-P, AYA2013-48623-C2-1, AYA2013-48623-C2-2, ESP2013-48274, AYA2014-58861-C3-1, Aragon Government Research Group E103, Generalitat Valenciana projects Prometeo 2009/064 and PROMETEOII/2014/060, Junta de Andalucia grants TIC114, JA2828, P10-FQM-6444, and Generalitat de Catalunya project SGR-1398. A.J.C. and C.H.-M. are Ramon y Cajal fellows of the Spanish government. A. M. acknowledges the financial support of the Brazilian funding agency FAPESP (Post-doc fellowship - process number 2014/11806-9). M.P. acknowledges financial support from JAE-Doc program of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), co-funded by the European Social Fund.Peer Reviewe

I. MUFFIT: A multi-filter fitting code for stellar population diagnostics

Numerical methods and codes.-- et al.[Aims]: We present MUFFIT, a new generic code optimized to retrieve the main stellar population parameters of galaxies in photometric multi-filter surveys, and check its reliability and feasibility with real galaxy data from the ALHAMBRA survey. [Methods]: Making use of an error-weighted X2-test, we compare the multi-filter fluxes of galaxies with the synthetic photometry of mixtures of two single stellar populations at different redshifts and extinctions, to provide the most likely range of stellar population parameters (mainly ages and metallicities), extinctions, redshifts, and stellar masses. To improve the diagnostic reliability, MUFFIT identifies and removes from the analysis those bands that are significantly affected by emission lines. The final parameters and their uncertainties are derived by a Monte Carlo method, using the individual photometric uncertainties in each band. Finally, we discuss the accuracies, degeneracies, and reliability of MUFFIT using both simulated and real galaxies from ALHAMBRA, comparing with results from the literature. [Results]: MUFFIT is a precise and reliable code to derive stellar population parameters of galaxies in ALHAMBRA. Using the results from photometric-redshift codes as input, MUFFIT improves the photometric-redshift accuracy by ∼10-20%. MUFFIT also detects nebular emissions in galaxies, providing physical information about their strengths. The stellar masses derived from MUFFIT show excellent agreement with the COSMOS and SDSS values. In addition, the retrieved age-metallicity locus for a sample of z ≤ 0.22 early-type galaxies in ALHAMBRA at different stellar mass bins are in very good agreement with the ones from SDSS spectroscopic diagnostics. Moreover, a one-to-one comparison between the redshifts, ages, metallicities, and stellar masses derived spectroscopically for SDSS and by MUFFIT for ALHAMBRA reveals good qualitative agreements in all the parameters, hence reinforcing the strengths of multi-filter galaxy data and optimized analysis techniques, like MUFFIT, to conduct reliable stellar population studies.L.A.D.G. acknowledges support from the "Caja Rural de Teruel" for developing this research. A.J.C. is a Ramon y Cajal Fellow of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. This work has been supported by the "Programa Nacional de Astronomia y Astrofisica" of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grant AYA2012-30789, as well as by FEDER funds and the Government of Aragon, through the Research Group E103. L.A.D.G. also thanks the Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL) and Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) for offering the opportunity to support and develop part of this research in collaboration with I.F. MINECO grants AYA2010-15081, AYA2010-15169, AYA2010-22111-C03-01, AYA2010-22111-C03-02, AYA2011-29517-C03-01, AYA2013-40611-P, AYA2013-42227-P, AYA2013-43188-P, AYA2013-48623-C2-1, AYA2013-48623-C2-2, and AYA2014-58861-C3-1 are also acknowledged, together with Generalitat Valenciana projects Prometeo 2009/064 and PROMETEOII/2014/060, and Junta de Andalucia grants TIC114, JA2828, and P10-FQM-6444. MP acknowledges financial support from the JAE-Doc programme of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), co-funded by the European Social Fund.Peer Reviewe