Moyen phrases: un argument pour la structure conceptuelle

Middle sentences in English are only partly described within the Government and Binding theory. Some semantic and discourse generalizations which are integral to the meaning of these constructions are just set aside, if they are mentioned at all. The theory of conceptual semantics developed by Ray Jackendoff (1983, 1987, 1990) presents the first viable alternative to the syntactic strategies descending from Chomsky’s theory. In this paper I will examine the middle voice and show how several Government and Binding analyses of these constructions fail to account for important parts of the data. I hope to persuade the reader that a conceptual structure analysis of this phenomenon provides a more appealing solution which fully integrates the syntactic and semantic generalizations.Las oraciones medias en inglés sólo han sido descritas parcialmente en la teoría de la Rección y el Ligamiento. Algunas generalizaciones semánticas y pragmáticas esenciales al significado de estas construcciones han sido ignoradas, a veces ni siquiera mencionadas. La teoría semántico-conceptual desarrollada por Ray Jackendoff (1983, 1987, 1990) presenta la primera alternativa factible a las estrategias sintácticas descendientes de la teoría de Chomsky. En este trabajo examinaré la voz media y mostraré cómo diversos análisis de estas construcciones desde la perspectiva de la teoría de la Rección y el Ligamiento no consiguen explicar gran parte importante de los datos. Espero convencer al lector de que el análisis de este fenómeno desde una perspectiva semántico-conceptual puede proporcionar una solución más atractiva que integra completamente las generalizaciones tanto sintácticas como semánticas.Notre hypothèse est que dans l'identification des référents des expressions nominales contenues dans les énoncés exige le traitement parallèle de la structure morphosyntaxique, basée sur un ensemble de mécanismes inférentiels impliqués principalement dans la catégorie de procédure, comme défini par la théorie de la pertinence (Sperber & Wilson, 1996 et 2004). La représentation sémantique provient de l´interaction entre la dérivation de la représentation syntaxique sémantique et pragmatique des mécanismes d'interprétation par lequel vous obtenez une pleine forme propositionnelle, proposée par l´obtention des implications contextuelles (explicatures), cette forme complète propositionnel peut être attribué conditions de vérité. Nous cherchons à établir les catégories de procédure liées à la allocation de référence et comment agir sur les expressions de base nominale et D (eterminante). Nous essayons de démontrer que le montant de référence d'une expression nominale ne dépend pas seulement de contenant si ou non un D ou des traits contenues dans cet élément linguistique

Hypercube algorithms on mesh connected multicomputers

A new methodology named CALMANT (CC-cube Algorithms on Meshes and Tori) for mapping a type of algorithm that we call CC-cube algorithm onto multicomputers with hypercube, mesh, or torus interconnection topology is proposed. This methodology is suitable when the initial problem can be expressed as a set of processes that communicate through a hypercube topology (a CC-cube algorithm). There are many important algorithms that fit into the CC-cube type. CALMANT is based on three different techniques: (a) the standard embedding to assign the processes of the algorithm to the nodes of the mesh multicomputer; (b) the communication pipelining technique to increase the level of communication parallelism inherent in the CC-cube algorithms; and (c) optimal message-scheduling algorithms proposed in this work in order to avoid conflicts and minimizing in this way the communication time. Although CALMANT is proposed for multicomputers with different interconnection network topologies, the paper only focuses on the particular case of meshes.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Hypolipemiant drug use study in Huelva province

Métodos: El presente trabajo analiza el consumo de medicamentos hipolipemiantes, en Dosis Diaria Definida por cada 1 .000 habitante y día (DHD) en cada uno de los siete Distritos Sanitarios en que se encuentra dividida la provincia de Hue/va, durante 1 998 y 1 999, mes a mes. Resultados: Existe una intensificación de uso en el segundo año. Son los Distritos Huelva y Andévalo en los que más se prescriben y Aljarafe y Camas en los que menos.Atorvastatina y simvastatina son los principios de mayor utilización. Atorvastatina es, con gran diferencia, la más usada de todos en el segundo año de estudioMethods : This research analyzes the use of antihyperliperlipedimic drugs, in Diary Defined Dose per 1.000 residents and per day (DHD), by each of the seventh Health Districts in which the province of Huelva is subdivided, during the years of 1998 and 1999, on a monthly basis. Results:There is an increased use during the second year. Antihyperliperlipedimic drugs where prescribed more often in the Health Districts of Hue/va and Andeval, and the ones with the lowest antihyperliperlipedimic drugs prescrption rate were Healt Districts of Aljarafe and Camas.Atorvastatin and simvastatin where the most used drugs.Atorvastatin is, by far, the most uses statin during the second yea

A study of the communication cost of the FFT on torus multicomputers

The computation of a one-dimensional FFT on a c-dimensional torus multicomputer is analyzed. Different approaches are proposed which differ in the way they use the interconnection network. The first approach is based on the multidimensional index mapping technique for the FFT computation. The second approach starts from a hypercube algorithm and then embeds the hypercube onto the torus. The third approach reduces the communication cost of the hypercube algorithm by pipelining the communication operations. A novel methodology to pipeline the communication operations on a torus is proposed. Analytical models are presented to compare the different approaches. This comparison study shows that the best approach depends on the number of dimensions of the torus and the communication start-up and transfer times. The analytical models allow us to select the most efficient approach for the available machine.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Estudio de utilización de medicamentos betabloqueantes en la provincia de Huelva

Métodos: El presente trabajo analiza el consumo de me­ dicamentos {>-bloqueantes, en Dosis Diarias Definida por cada 1.000 habitantes y día en cada uno de los siete Distritos Sani­ tarios en que se encuentra dividida la provincia de Huelva, du­ rante 1998 y 1999, mes a mes. Resultados: Es siempre en el Distrito Aljarafe en el que más se prescriben y en Costa donde menos.- El Subgrupo Terapéutico de {>-bloqueantes cardioselec­ tivos solos es el más utilizado en todos los Distritos Sanitarios, con la excepción del Distrito Camas, en el mes de marzo de los dos años, que prefieren la asociación de {>-bloqueante con diurético.-Atenolol es el principio activo más prescritoMethods: This research analyzes the use o( {>-blocker drugs, in Diary Defined Dose per 1.000 residents and per doy (DHD), by each o( the seventh Health Districts in which the province o( Hue/­ va is subdivided, during the years o( 1998 and 1999, on a monthly basis. Results: lt is always in Distria Aljarafe where they are pres­ cribed the most, and in Distria Costa where they are prescribed the least The therapeutic sub-group o( cardioselective {>-blockers alone is the most prescribed one i n al/ the districts during March in both years, except for Camas, where the diuretic and {>-blocker association is preferred . Atenolol was the most prescr ibed generi

Study on the use of therapeutic group 'CO2' drugs (Antihypertensive) in Huelva province

Métodos: El presente trabajo analiza el consumo de medicamentos del Grupo Terapéu tico C02.Antihipertensivos, en Dosis Diaria Defrnida por cada 1 .000 habitant es y día (DHD) en cada uno de los siete Distritos Sanitarios en que se encuentra dividida la provincia de H uelva, durante 1998 y /999, mes a mes. Resultados: Existe un incremento de consumo en el segundo año. Es el D istrito Camas el que mayor uso hace de ellos; y, el que menos , Costo. Son los /E­ CA los más utilizados en todos los distritos, destacando el pr incipio activo enalaprilo, seguido de captopriloMethods: This study the use of C02.A tihypertensives drugs in terms of Daliy Defrned Dose per 1000 inhabitants and per doy (DIO), in each of the seven Hea lth Distr ias in which the prov ince of Huelva is divided, during the years of 1998 abd 1999, on o monthly basis. Results: An increased use is obser­ ved during the second year. These antihypertensive drugs are pres cribed the most in the health district of Comas, and the le­ ast in the health district of Huelva y Costa.The used drugs are mostly ACE (Angiotensin-co nverting enzime) inhibitors, mainly enalapril, followed by captopri

«A Baptism of Fire»: Towards a Practical Hybrid Approach for the Lexicographic Indexation of Phraseological Units with Religious Lexical Components in English and Spanish

Traditionally, researchers have had a particular interest in the study of the relationship between phraseology and lexicography [e.g., Alonso Ramos (2006); Mellado Blanco (2008); Buendía Castro and Faber (2015); Paquot (2015); Nuccorini (2020)] to the point of having labeled it a «scientific marriage» (Leroyer 2006). In addition, scholars have been increasingly interested in the semantic analysis of phraseological units (henceforth PUs) [e.g., Grčić Simeunović and de Santiago (2016) and Torijano and Recio (2019)]. Among the problems that these and several other studies have pointed out, there is the recurrent reference to inaccuracy and difficulty in indexing PUs in lexicographic resources. Although some scholars consider onomasiological approaches as an interesting starting point [e.g., Bosque (2017) and Siepmann (2008)], a systematic methodology in phraseology that includes both the semantical analysis of the entries and their indexation is still needed./nWe intend to address that need here through the analysis of 242 idioms (199 in Spanish and 43 in English) extracted from a 21,045-idiom database that was compiled from two phraseological dictionaries: the Diccionario fraseológico documentado del español actual (henceforth DFDEA) (Seco, Andrés et al., 2004), and the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Idioms (henceforth CCDOI) (Sinclair and Moon 1997). The criteria employed to select the resulting analysis units were: (i) they had to include at least one lexical component related to religion, and (ii) the idiom had to be nominal or verbal. The religious component was identified semi-automatically by using the UCREL's Semantic Analysis System (USAS) (Archer et al., 2002)./nThe contributions of this paper are as follows: (i) it presents a lexicographic analysis of the macrostructure and microstructure of the two phraseological resources previously mentioned, (ii) it offers a model of semantic analysis for PUs with religion-related components, (iii) it proposes an alternative indexation method of PUs in lexicographic resources involving semasiological and onomasiological approaches; and finally, (iv) it shows a systematic way to use semantic and pragmatic information in order to create semantic entries for PUs./nIn conclusion, by closely examining said set of phraseological entries, this study sheds light on the semantic composition of Pus. It also suggests a systematic hybrid approach for their lexicographic indexation in English and Spanish.Tradicionalmente, los investigadores han demostrado un particular interés por el estudio de la relación entre fraseología y lexicografía [p. ej. Alonso Ramos (2006); Mellado Blanco (2008); Buendía Castro y Faber (2015); Paquot (2015); Nuccorini (2020)] hasta el punto de denominarlo «matrimonio científico» (Leroyer 2006). De igual manera, los académicos se han interesado de manera creciente por el análisis semántico de las unidades fraseológicas (en nuestro texto, PUs, por sus siglas en inglés) [e.g., Grčić Simeunović y de Santiago (2016) y Torijano y Recio (2019)]. Entre los problemas que estos y otros estudios han señalado se encuentra la recurrente referencia a la inexactitud y la dificultad para indexar las PUs en los recursos lexicográficos. Aunque algunos investigadores consideran los enfoques onomasiológicos como un interesante punto de partida [e.g., Bosque (2017) y Siepmann (2008)], sigue siendo necesario establecer una metodología sistemática respecto a la fraseología que incluya tanto el análisis semántico de las entradas como su indexación./nNos proponemos abordar esta necesidad analizando 242 modismos (199 en español y 43 en inglés) extraídos de una base de datos con 21.045 modismos que ha sido compilada a partir de dos diccionarios fraseológicos: el Diccionario fraseológico documentado del español actual (en adelante DFDEA) (Seco, Andrés et al., 2004), y el Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Idioms (en adelante CCDOI) (Sinclair y Moon 1997). Los criterios empleados para seleccionar las unidades resultantes con vistas a su análisis han sido: (i) debían incluir al menos un componente léxico relacionado con la religión, y (ii) el modismo tenía que ser nominal o verbal. El componente religioso fue identificado de manera semi-automática utilizando el UCREL's Semantic Analysis System (USAS) (Archer et al., 2002)./nLas aportaciones de este artículo son las siguientes: (i) presenta un análisis lexicográfico de la macroestructura y la microestructura de los dos recursos fraseológicos antes mencionados, (ii) ofrece un modelo de análisis semántico para las PUs con componentes relacionados con la religión, (iii) propone un método de indexación alternativa de las PUs en recursos lexicográficos que implican enfoques semasiológicos y onomasiológicos; y finalmente, (iv) propone una manera sistemática de utilizar la información semántica y pragmática para crear entradas semánticas para las PUs./nEn conclusión, al examinar dicha serie de entradas fraseológicas, este estudio arroja luz sobre la composición semántica de las PUs. También sugiere un enfoque híbrido sistemático para su indexación lexicográfica en inglés y español

Analysis of hypervariable DNA sequences by NGS technologies: QuasiFlow

The development of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies has allowed deep characterization of highly variable sequences such as viral or mitochondrial genomes. With respect to RNA and ssDNA viruses, their low replication fidelity generates viral populations consisting of complex mutant spectra termed viral quasispecies. Their study is of special interest as they can be considered a phenotypic reservoir1. Similarly, heteroplasmy of human mitochondrial genomes, in which different sequences are found within a single individual, might have important clinical consequences. For the analysis of the mutant spectrum of such hypervariable sequences from NGS data, we have developed QuasiFlow, a workflow designed in AutoFlow2 that uses Illumina reads. QuasiFlow provides information about DNA variability, such as SNPs, indels and recombination events (Figure 1). Furthermore, it allows haplotype reconstruction of viral quasispecies and characterization of its diversity through normalized Shannon index, nucleotide diversity and mutation networks. Quasiflow performs also a comparative study among samples, based on correlation, ANOVA and PCA analysis, in order to determine which parameters are affected by the experiment and how the samples behave according to their biological origin. In this work, we have applied QuasiFlow to analyze the population structure of the begomovirus Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infectious clone inoculated in Arabidopsis thaliana plants, using HiSeq or MiSeq reads. Their analysis allowed detection of minor quasispecies variants with a frequency of 10-4 to 10-5 and reconstructed the haplotypes present in the sample. In addition, QuasiFlow was used to discover variants and recombinants in mixed infections of tomato plants. These results show the fast generation of recombinant genomes in geminivirus mixed infections and demonstrate the potential of QuasiFlow for the analysis of mutant spectra using Illumina MiSeq sequencing data. We have extended the use of QuasiFlow to the analysis of highly variable sequences such as the mitochondrial DNA. For that, we have analyzed DNA Illumina Miseq reads from 47 human mitochondrial samples from different cell lines obtained from the NCBI SRA database. Quasiflow generated automatically SNPs, SNP frequencies, indels and analyzed up to 23 variables using PCA analysis and performed an hierarchical clustering of the samples. Our analysis was able to detect pathological variants presented in a frequency lower than 1%.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This research was funded by Junta de Andalucía and EU through the ERDF 2014-2020, Projects P10-CVI-6075 to M. G.C. and P10-CVI-6561 to A.G-P

Effects of galanin n-terminal fragment (1-15) in the light/dark and tail suspension tests

Galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) [Gal(1-15)] is involved in mood regulation. The intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of Gal(1-15) produces a depressive-like behaviour in the forced swim test (FST) and an anxiety-like behaviour in the open field test (OF) in rats. In this work we analyze the effect of Gal(1-15) in two more behavioural tests, the tail suspension test (TLT) and the light/dark test. Gal(1-15) (3nmol), effective dose in FST and OF, or artificial cerebrospinal were injected in animals (n=5-8) 15 minutes before the test. Behavioural assessment were conducted with at least one week between tests. Student’s t-test was used for comparision between experimental groups. In the light/dark test we analyzed during 5 min three parametres as indicators of anxiety-like behaviour. Gal(1-15) significantly reduced the time spent in the light compartiment by 52% (p<0.05) and the latency time for entering the dark box by 65% (p<0.05). An increased in the latency time for re-entering the light box was also observed (p<0.05). In the TST, total immobility time was analyzed during 6 min test as parameter indicator of depressive-like behaviour. Gal(1-15) significantly increased rat immobility by 16% (p<0.05). Our results describe that Gal(1-15) exerts strong depressive- and anxiety-like effects in these tests, indicating a potential role of Gal(1-15) in mood disorders. These results may give the basis for the development of novel therapeutic drugs targeting Gal(1-15) for depression and anxiety.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Junta de Andalucia CVI6476 // Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI2013-44901-P to L.J.S). Author A.F-B. holds a ‘FPI’ grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness (grant number: BES-2014-068426)

Galanin n-terminal fragment (1-15) induces an anxiety- and depressive-like behaviours in the light/dark and tail suspension tests

Galanin N-terminal fragment (1-15) [Gal(1-15)] is involved in mood regulation. We have shown that intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of Gal(1-15) produces a depressive-like behaviour in the forced swim test (FST) and an anxiety-like behaviour in the open field test (OF) in rats. In this work we analyze the effect of Gal(1-15) in two more behavioural tests, the tail suspension test (TLT) and the light/dark test. In light/dark test we studied during 5 min the latency time for entering the dark box, time spent in the light compartiment, and the latency time for re-entering the light box as parameters indicators of anxiety-like behaviour. In TLT total immobility time was analyzed during 6 min test as parameter indicator of depressive-like behaviour. Groups of rats (n=5-8) were injected icv with Gal(1-15) 3nmol, a dose effective in FST and OF, or artificial cerebrospinal fluid 15 minutes before the test. Behavioural assessment were conducted with at least one week between tests. Student’s t-test was used for comparation between experimental groups. In the light/dark test Gal(1-15) 3nmol significantly reduced the time spent in the light compartiment by 52% (p<0.05) and the latency time for entering the dark box by 65% (p<0.05). An increased in the latency time for re-entering the light box was also observed (p<0.05). This pattern of results reflects an anxiogenic-like effects of Gal(1-15) in this test. In the TST, the administration of Gal(1-15) 3nmol significantly increased rat immobility by 16% (p<0.05) indicating a depressive-like effect. These results confirm the depressive- and anxiety-like effects of Gal(1-15) in rats. Future therapeutic strategies based on these results could be developed for depression and anxiety disorders. This work has been supported by the Junta de Andalucia CVI6476 and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI2013-44901-P to L.J.S)Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. This work has been supported by the Junta de Andalucia CVI6476 and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PSI2013-44901-P to L.J.S)Author A.F-B. holds a ‘FPI’ grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiviness (grant number BES-2014-068426)