Agir en situation d’incertitude : le cas des éleveurs de bovins allaitants

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude pluridisciplinaire sur la manière dont les éleveurs font face aux incertitudes qui caractérisent actuellement ce secteur de production. Il met en évidence la diversité de leurs réponses aux évolutions de leur environnement, diversité renvoyant à différentes modalités de hiérarchisation et de combinaison des facteurs sur lesquels ils peuvent jouer pour élaborer ces réponses. Il montre également le caractère socialement distribué des ressources et des compétences mobilisées à cette fin. Quelques réflexions concluent sur les conséquences de ces résultats en termes d’accompagnement des éleveurs.The aim of the present paper is to precise the strategies of beef cattle farmers face to uncertainties. Our analysis outlies the diversity of their ways to react to the evolution of their environment, according to different points of view about priorities and combinations of factors supposed to induce flexibility to their system. It shows also the sociological determinants of the resources and skills allowing to elaborate these specific answers. The perspectives of this work are presented in terms of methodology usefull for advisers who have to help farmers for decisions making

Variable-number tandem-repeat markers for typing Mycobacterium intracellulare strains isolated in humans

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mycobacterium intracellulare</it>, a species of the <it>Mycobacterium avium complex</it>, may be the cause of severe lung, lymphatic node, skin and bone/joint infections, as well as bacteriemia. The goal of this work was to identify Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) markers and to study their variability in a collection of isolates of <it>M. intracellulare </it>collected in humans. We studied 61 isolates collected in humans between 2001 and 2008, as well as the reference strain, <it>M. intracellulare </it>ATCC 13950.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We identified 45 MIRU-VNTR candidates, of which 17 corresponded to the MIRU-VNTR identified in the genome of <it>M. intracellulare </it>ATCC 13950. Among the 45 potential MIRU-VNTR, seven were selected for use in a MIRU-VNTR assay applied to our collection of isolates. Forty-four patterns were found by MIRU-VNTR typing and the discriminatory power of the assay was high with a Hunter-Gaston diversity index of 0.98. We do not have evidence of a particular distribution of MIRU-VNTR polymorphism according to clinical situation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that MIRU-VNTR typing could be used for molecular epidemiological studies applied to <it>M. intracellulare</it>.</p

Una lectura del territorio alto andino desde el habitar

Conferencia 16 en el Ciclo "Cultura Académica en Arquitectura, Paisajismo, Urbanismo":Destacados arquitectos y estudiosos peruanos e internacionales presentan su obra teórica, seguida por una conversación con Manuel Cuadra, director del ciclo, sobre el trasfondo y la gestación de esta obra.Conference 16 in the Cycle "Cultura Académica en Arquitectura, Paisajismo, Urbanismo":Outstanding Peruvian and international architects and scholars present their theoretical work, followed by conversation with Manuel Cuadra, the Director of the Cycle, on the background and the development of this work

Manuel pour la rénovation des Tata Somba

Construits en terre crue, les Tata Somba, habitats traditionnels du peuple Somba qui réside dans l'Atacora (Bénin), réclament un entretien régulier. En vue de leur préservation, ce manuel propose un ensemble de techniques de rénovation et de réparation appuyées sur une connaissance du matériau terre et tirées de l'observation des modes de construction traditionnels

Development of Multiple-Locus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for Molecular Typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae▿

In this study we report on the development of a multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) method for the molecular typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The genomic content of M. pneumoniae M129 was analyzed for VNTRs, and 5 of the 17 VNTRs identified were selected for use in an MLVA assay. The method was based on a GeneScan analysis of VNTR loci labeled with fluorescent dyes by multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis. This approach was applied to a collection of 265 isolates from various European countries, Japan, and Tunisia; and 26 distinct VNTR types were found. The VNTR assay was compared to the P1 adhesin PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing method and showed a far better resolution than the P1 PCR-RFLP method. The discriminatory power of MLVA (Hunter-Gaston diversity index [HGDI], 0.915) for the 265 isolates was significantly higher than that of the P1 PCR-RFLP method (HGDI, 0.511). However, there was a correlation between the typing results obtained by MLVA and the P1 gene PCR-RFLP method. The potential value of MLVA of M. pneumoniae as an epidemiological tool is discussed, and the use of the VNTR markers in further investigations of the potential use of MLVA in outbreaks of M. pneumoniae infections is proposed