Comunicación enfermera/paciente: reflexión sobre la relación de ayuda = Nurse/patient communication: thoughts about help relationship

Resumen: El profesional de enfermería, ante las situaciones diarias a las que se enfrenta, necesita manejar su propia incertidumbre con curiosidad y humildad, sin precipitarse a hacer conclusiones y sin insistir que la “verdad científica” es más “verdad” que la del paciente. El trabajar escuchando, con competencia transcultural, con respeto y flexibilidad, puede hacer que una situación frustrante en la relación de ayuda se convierta en un diálogo rico que lleva a ideas y opciones nuevas. Que el paciente pueda hablar de la experiencia de su enfermedad le ayudará en la importante tarea de adaptarse a los cambios que conlleva esa interrupción. Y para esto, necesita alguien que escuche sus significados con una presencia terapéutica y empática como la del profesional de enfermería. Palabras clave: Comunicación, enfermera, paciente, relación de ayuda Abstract: The nurse, to the daily situations that face, you need to manage their own uncertainty with curiosity and humility, without rushing to conclusions and do not insist that "scientific truth" is more "truth" of the patient. The work listening, cultural competence, respect and flexibility, you can have a frustrating situation in the aid relationship becomes a rich dialogue that leads to new ideas and options. The fact that the patient can speak from experience of their illness will help in the important task of adapting to the changes brought about the interruption. And for this you need someone to listen to their meaning with a therapeutic and empathetic presence as the nurse. Keywords: Communication, nurse, patient, relationship hel

DIATOMS AND DINOFLAGELLATES DIVERSITY INHABITING A COASTAL UPWELLING SYSTEM: A METABARCODING APPROACH

Small eukaryotic plankton has been traditionally characterized using conventional microscopy techniques. Current advances in sequencing technologies allow the cost-effective study the diversity within microbial plankton based on DNA sequences. This technique has been implemented in the last 15 years for investigating prokaryotic diversity, but its application to unravel the diversity and ecology of eukaryotic organisms is still incipient. In this study we analyze the diversity of the diatoms and dinoflagellates in the marine communities using rDNA sequencing techniques, as well as the taxonomic resolution provided by the V4 region of the 18S rRNA gene. Twenty monthly 6L seawater samples for DNA metabarcoding were collected and filtered through 3 μm polycarbonate filter in a station off the Ría de A Coruña (NW Iberian Peninsula). DNA was extracted, the V4 region of the 18S rRNA was PCR amplified and subsequently sequenced using the High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) platform Illumina. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were differentiated using DADA2 implemented in R. Sequences were aligned against PR2 v4.12.0 and SILVA 132 18S rRNA databases as references, as well as studied using BLAST and phylogenetic trees. Sequence-based taxonomic approach found 128 and 416 metabarcodes corresponding to diatoms and dinoflagellates, respectively. Sequences had limited resolution at species or even genus level, and overall the taxonomic resolution of diatoms was substantially higher than those of dinoflagellates

Nano- and microplankton diversity inhabiting a coastal upwelling system: a metabarcoding approach

Small eukaryotic plankton has been traditionally characterized using conventional microscopy techniques. Current advances in sequencing technologies allow the costeffective study the diversity within microbial plankton based on DNA sequences. This technique has been implemented in the last 15 years for investigating prokaryotic diversity, but its application to unravel the diversity and distribution of eukaryotic organisms is still incipient. Alleged advantages of this approach include the ability of detecting the smaller fraction of the community that trend to be overlooked in microscopy studies, as well as improving the resolution of taxonomic identification for groups whose morphological study is challenging due the paucity of morphological characters. In this study we characterize the diversity of the nano- and microplankton marine communities using microscopy and rDNA sequencing techniques. The aim of this work is to compare results of both techniques, assessing whether rDNA data can provide new insights into the study of the diversity of eukaryotic planktonic communities. Twenty monthly samples were collected in a station off the Ría de A Coruña (NW Iberian Peninsula). Planktonic samples for DNA studies were collected by filtering seawater samples through a 3 μm pore size polycarbonate filter. DNA was extracted, the V4 region of the 18S rRNA was PCR amplified and subsequently sequenced using the High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) platform Illumina. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were differentiated using DADA2 implemented in R. Sequences were aligned against PR2 v4.12.0 and SILVA 132 18S rRNA databases as references. Microscopic identification of plankton taxa (phytoplankton and protozoa) was made using the Uthermöhl technique. In total 1182 ASVs were identified based on rDNA data, which contrasts with only 65 species identified by microscopy. Morphological identifications of eukaryotic plankton was restricted mainly to diatoms, dinoflagellates and ciliates, while rDNA data allowed the detection of additional taxonomic groups (i.e. protist). Some of them were very abundant, such as the algae Cryptophyceae and Mamiellophyceae or the heterotrophs Ascomycota or parasitic Stramenopiles. Therefore, our study further evidenced that DNA metabarcoding is a valuable tool to uncover part of the great diversity within microbial plankton, improving the detection of small eukaryotes

Seasonal niche of planktonic prokaryotes inhabiting surface waters of the upwelling region off NW Iberia

Prokaryotes play an important role in biogeochemical cycling in marine ecosystems, but little is known about their diversity and composition, and it’s even less understood how they may contribute to the ecological functioning of highly variable coastal areas affected by upwelling. Between May 2016 and May 2018, we carried out 26 one-day samplings in the temperate northwestern Iberian upwelling system to investigate the temporal patterns of variability for prokaryotic abundance, diversity and community composition by combining flow cytometry and 16S RNA high- throughput sequencing. A marked seasonality was found for prokaryotic abundance, peaking during summer upwelling and relaxation season (≈May to September), when extracellular release of organic matter from phytoplanktonic blooms is a significant process, and decreasing in downwelling events (≈October to April). Those downwelling conditions, characterized by deeper mixed layers and a homogeneous water column, favored a higher abundance of the archaeal groups, Marine Group II (Euryarchaeota) and Nitrosopelagicus (Thaumarchaeota), as well as of Marinimicrobia bacterium (SAR406 clade) and the group Bacteria_Others. By contrast, upwelling and relaxation conditions characterized by enhanced vertical stratification and hydrographic variability, included a community generally less diverse with core-phylotypes (occurring > 75% of the samples) proliferating, i.e. Flavobacteriaceae (Bacteroidetes), Chloroplast (Cyanobacteria) and Amylibacter (Proteobacteria). Overall, the environmental conditions explained 60% (R2=0.60, AIC=125.64) of the prokaryotic community composition, being temperature, inorganic nutrients, chlorophyll and particulate organic nitrogen the variables that best explained the variation in the prokaryotic community composition (r=0.40). Additional efforts are currently underway on a fine-tuning composition assessment (oligotypes composition from particular core-phylotypes) to study if this variability along the temporal environmental gradient could be associated with the differentiation of ecotypes (oligotype ́s seasonality within particular phylotypes). Overall, the present study provides new insights into the barely explored seasonal niche partitioning of surface prokaryotic community driven by hydrodynamic forcing in an upwelling system, which may support further investigations on the role of bacterioplankton in the biogeochemistry of these ecosystems

Seasonal niche of planktonic prokaryotes inhabiting surface waters of the upwelling region off NW Iberia

Oral communicationProkaryotes play an important role in biogeochemical cycling in marine ecosystems, but little is known about their diversity and composition, and it’s even less understood how they may contribute to the ecological functioning of highly variable coastal areas affected by upwelling. Between May 2016 and May 2018, we carried out 26 one-day samplings in the temperate northwestern Iberian upwelling system to investigate the temporal patterns of variability for prokaryotic abundance, diversity and community composition by combining flow cytometry and 16S RNA high- throughput sequencing. A marked seasonality was found for prokaryotic abundance, peaking during summer upwelling and relaxation season (≈May to September), when extracellular release of organic matter from phytoplanktonic blooms is a significant process, and decreasing in downwelling events (≈October to April). Those downwelling conditions, characterized by deeper mixed layers and a homogeneous water column, favored a higher abundance of the archaeal groups, Marine Group II (Euryarchaeota) and Nitrosopelagicus (Thaumarchaeota), as well as of Marinimicrobia bacterium (SAR406 clade) and the group Bacteria_Others. By contrast, upwelling and relaxation conditions characterized by enhanced vertical stratification and hydrographic variability, included a community generally less diverse with core-phylotypes (occurring > 75% of the samples) proliferating, i.e. Flavobacteriaceae (Bacteroidetes), Chloroplast (

Metastable liquid lamellar structures in binary and ternary mixtures of Lennard-Jones fluids

We have carried out extensive equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the Liquid-Vapor coexistence in partially miscible binary and ternary mixtures of Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluids. We have studied in detail the time evolution of the density profiles and the interfacial properties in a temperature region of the phase diagram where the condensed phase is demixed. The composition of the mixtures are fixed, 50% for the binary mixture and 33.33% for the ternary mixture. The results of the simulations clearly indicate that in the range of temperatures $78 < T < 102 ^{\rm o}$K, --in the scale of argon-- the system evolves towards a metastable alternated liquid-liquid lamellar state in coexistence with its vapor phase. These states can be achieved if the initial configuration is fully disordered, that is, when the particles of the fluids are randomly placed on the sites of an FCC crystal or the system is completely mixed. As temperature decreases these states become very well defined and more stables in time. We find that below $90 ^{\rm o}$K, the alternated liquid-liquid lamellar state remains alive for 80 ns, in the scale of argon, the longest simulation we have carried out. Nonetheless, we believe that in this temperature region these states will be alive for even much longer times.Comment: 18 Latex-RevTex pages including 12 encapsulated postscript figures. Figures with better resolution available upon request. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E Dec. 1st issu

Los ectoparásitos de los roedores sigmodontinos (Cricetidae) de La Rioja: resultados preliminares

El conocimiento sobre la fauna parasitaria es escasa o nula en muchas regiones de Argentina siendo La Rioja una de las provincias con menos registros, debido a los escasos muestreos de roedores sigmodontinos. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar nuevos hospedadores y nuevas localidades geográficas para sifonápteros y ácaros parásitos de roedores sigmodontinos de la provincia de La Rioja. Las siguientes nuevas asociaciones fueron identificadas: Andalgalomys olrogi-Hectopsylla gracilis, Graomys chacoensis-Hectopsylla gracilis y Oligoryzomys cf. longicaudatus-Laelaps paulistanensis. Para la provincia se citan por primera vez Hectopsylla gracilis y las tres especies de ácaros registradas; y se da a conocer por primera vez un sifonáptero parásito para A. olrogi.In many regions of Argentina the knowledge of parasitic fauna is scarce or null; being the La Rioja one of the provinces with less record, due to scarce survey of sigmodontine rodents. In this paper, we report new hosts and new localities for fleas and mites parasites of sigmodontine rodents of La Rioja Province. The following new associations were identified: Andalgalomys olrogi-Hectopsylla gracilis; Graomys chacoensis-Hectopsylla gracilis; and Oligoryzomys cf. longicaudatus-Laelaps paulistanensis. Hectopsylla gracilis and the three recorded mites are reported of the first time from La Rioja Province and for the first time a flea on A. olrogi is cited.Asociación Parasitológica Argentin