137 research outputs found
CP^{N-1} models and the Quantized 2D Black Holes
We have examined the coupled system of the dilaton gravity and the
theory known as a model of the confinement of massive scalar quarks. After the
quantization of the system, we could see the quantum effect of the gravitation
on the coupling constant of model and how the coupling constant of
dynamically induced gauge field changes near the black hole configuration.Comment: 12 pages, Late
Implications of the Partial Ring Design for a Clinical SPECT Insert
The INSERT system is a stationary SPECT insert designed for clinical SPECT/MRI. The system has been evaluated as a standalone SPECT scanner and here the image reconstruction is evaluated to determine the implications of its design. A two-step image acquisition can be implemented to overcome the limitations of the partial ring design. The image quality and activity linearity are evaluated through a set of point sources and vials of varying activity concentration. The evaluation highlighted areas where image reconstruction and data processing needed to improve before proceeding to simultaneous SPECT/MRI acquisitions. We have shown that the proposed dual acquisition method can produce improved image quality through the use of modified data acquisition and reconstruction protocols
Impact of DOI in a clinical SPECT/MRI system:asimulation study
A novel SPECT/MRI scanner has been modelled and tested here using Monte Carlo simulation software, SIMIND. The INSERT SPECT/MRI system faces challenges with event reconstruction due to photon depth of interaction. The novel SPECT system is subject to parallax errors due to its crystal size and slit aperture collimator. We present a simple measure of the DOI errors through SIMIND experiments; by modelling the DOI layers we are able to improve the reconstruction of projection data in the INSERT scanner. A set of capillary phantoms are simulated to explore the impact of DOI on the resolution of the scanner and establish corrections in the system's reconstruction
A (1,2) Heterotic String with Gauge Symmetry
We construct a (1,2) heterotic string with gauge symmetry and determine its
particle spectrum. This theory has a local N=1 worldsheet supersymmetry for
left movers and a local N=2 worldsheet supersymmetry for right movers and
describes particles in either two or three space-time dimensions. We show that
fermionizing the bosons of the compactified N=1 space leads to a particle
spectrum which has nonabelian gauge symmetry. The fermionic formulation of the
theory corresponds to a dimensional reduction of self dual Yang Mills. We also
give a worldsheet action for the theory and calculate the one-loop path
integral.Comment: 17 pages, added reference
General classical solutions in the noncommutative CP^(N-1) model
We give an explicit construction of general classical solutions for the
noncommutative CP^(N-1) model in two dimensions, showing that they correspond
to integer values for the action and topological charge. We also give explicit
solutions for the Dirac equation in the background of these general solutions
and show that the index theorem is satisfied.Comment: 11 pages, Harvmac. Typos corrected, references adde
Vacuum structure of CP^N sigma models at theta=pi
We show that parity symmetry is not spontaneously broken in the CP^N sigma
model for any value of N when the coefficient of the --term becomes
(mod ). The result follows from a non-perturbative analysis
of the nodal structure of the vacuum functional . The dynamical role
of sphalerons turns out to be very important for the argument. The result
introduces severe constraints on the possible critical behavior of the models
at (mod ).Comment: 8 pages, revtex, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Acquisition Correction and Reconstruction for a Clinical SPECT/MRI Insert
The development of the first clinical simultaneous Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) system was carried out within the INSERT project. The INSERT scanner was constructed under the initial project, but its performance was not fully evaluated; here we have reconstructed the first images on the SPECT system. Calibration and acquisition protocols were developed and used to establish the clinical feasibility of the system. The image reconstruction procedures were implemented on the first phantom images in order to assess the system's imaging capabilities. This study solved issues involving incomplete data sets and pixel failure in the prototype detector system. The final images determined a measure of trans-axial image resolution, giving average values of 9.14 mm and 6.75 mm in the radial and tangential directions respectively. The work carried out on the complete system produced several clinical phantom images which utilized the capabilities of both SPECT and MRI
On the Gauge/Gravity Correspondence and the Open/Closed String Duality
In this article we review the conditions for the validity of the
gauge/gravity correspondence in both supersymmetric and non-supersymmetric
string models. We start by reminding what happens in type IIB theory on the
orbifolds C^2/Z_2 and C^3/(Z_2 x Z_2), where this correspondence beautifully
works. In these cases, by performing a complete stringy calculation of the
interaction among D3 branes, it has been shown that the fact that this
correspondence works is a consequence of the open/closed duality and of the
absence of threshold corrections. Then we review the construction of type 0
theories with their orbifolds and orientifolds having spectra free from both
open and closed string tachyons and for such models we study the validity of
the gauge/gravity correspondence, concluding that this is not a peculiarity of
supersymmetric theories, but it may work also for non-supersymmetric models.
Also in these cases, when it works, it is again a consequence of the
open/closed string duality and of vanishing threshold corrections.Comment: Invited review article for Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 95 pages, 2 figures,
3 tables, LaTeX. References and acknowledgements adde
Super Multi-Instantons in Conformal Chiral Superspace
We reformulate self-dual supersymmetric theories directly in conformal chiral
superspace, where superconformal invariance is manifest. The superspace can be
interpreted as the generalization of the usual Atiyah-Drinfel'd-Hitchin-Manin
twistors (the quaternionic projective line), the real projective light-cone in
six dimensions, or harmonic superspace, but can be reduced immediately to
four-dimensional chiral superspace. As an example, we give the 't Hooft and
ADHM multi-instanton constructions for self-dual super Yang-Mills theory. In
both cases, all the parameters are represented as a single, irreducible,
constant tensor.Comment: 21 pg., uuencoded compressed postscript file (twist.ps.Z.uu), other
formats (.dvi, .ps, .ps.Z, 8-bit .tex) available at
http://insti.physics.sunysb.edu/~siegel/preprints or at
ftp://max.physics.sunysb.edu/preprints/siege
The Expansion and Spin Correlations in Constrained Wavefunctions
We develop a large-N expansion for Gutzwiller projected spin states. We
consider valence bonds singlets, constructed by Schwinger bosons or fermions,
which are variational ground states for quantum antiferromagnets. This
expansion is simpler than the familiar expansions of the quantum Heisenberg
model, and thus more instructive. The diagrammatic rules of this expansion
allow us to prove certain identities to all orders in 1/N. We derive the
on-site spin fluctuations sum rule for arbitrary N. We calculate the
correlations of the one dimensional Valence Bonds Solid states and the
Gutzwiller Projected Fermi Gas upto order 1/N. For the bosons case, we are
surprised to find that the mean field, the order 1/N and the exact correlations
are simply proportional. For the fermions case, the 1/N correction enhances the
zone edge singularity. The comparison of our leading order terms to known
results for N=2, enhances our understanding of large-N approximations in
general.Comment: 36 pages, LaTe
- âŠ