11 research outputs found
Az Európai Unió regionális politikája és annak eredményei Portugáliában. Konvergencia és divergencia a gyakorlatban = The European Union's regional policy and its results in Portugal. Convergence and divergence in practice
Portugáliát gyakran a rĂ©gi kohĂ©ziĂłs tagállamok egyik mintapĂ©ldájakĂ©nt emlegetik. Az ország fejlĹ‘dĂ©se azonban nem folyamatos Ă©s nem hozta magával valamennyi rĂ©giĂł felzárkĂłzását, egyes esetekben mĂ©g bizonyos fokĂş lemaradás is tapasztalhatĂł egy-egy idĹ‘szakon belĂĽl. Portugáliában az EurĂłpai KözössĂ©gekhez törtĂ©nt csatlakozás után, valamint az elsĹ‘ Ă©s a második KözössĂ©gi Támogatási Keret idĹ‘szaka alatt jelentĹ‘s konvergencia folyamat Ă©rvĂ©nyesĂĽlt az ország eurĂłpai fejlettsĂ©gi átlaghoz törtĂ©nĹ‘ felzárkĂłzása terĂ©n. Az ezredfordulĂłt követĹ‘en ugyanakkor stagnálás következett be Ă©s a folyamat divergenciába hajlott át a harmadik KözössĂ©gi Támogatási Keret idejĂ©n. Ez a folyamat mĂ©g most sem fordult vissza, s a portugál egy fĹ‘re jutĂł GDP továbbra is jĂłval az eurĂłpai uniĂłs átlag alatt van. Mindez annak ellenĂ©re alakult Ăgy, hogy Portugália – mint az EurĂłpai UniĂł regionális politikájának egyik legnagyobb kedvezmĂ©nyezettje – lassan majdnem negyedszázada kapja a strukturális támogatásokat, amelyek Ă©ppen az ország felzárkĂłzását, az országon belĂĽli kohĂ©ziĂł megteremtĂ©sĂ©t hivatottak elĹ‘segĂteni. A strukturális alapok 2007-ben megkezdĹ‘dött, negyedik támogatási idĹ‘szaka alatt Portugália terĂĽletĂ©nek nagy rĂ©sze, a lakosság 71,6 százalĂ©ka mĂ©g mindig a legfejletlenebb rĂ©giĂłk számára kialakĂtott konvergencia cĂ©lkitűzĂ©s alá tartozik. A disszertáciĂł cĂ©lkitűzĂ©se egyrĂ©szt a Portugáliának nyĂşjtott strukturális támogatások eredmĂ©nyeinek Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©se, másrĂ©szt annak vizsgálata, hogy az idĹ‘szakrĂłl idĹ‘szakra növekvĹ‘ támogatások fĂĽggvĂ©nyĂ©ben mikĂ©nt alakult az egyes portugál rĂ©giĂłk fejlĹ‘dĂ©se. A kutatás egyik fĹ‘ kĂ©rdĂ©se tehát az volt, hogy milyen eredmĂ©nyekkel Ă©s hatással járt az EurĂłpai UniĂł strukturális támogatási stratĂ©giája Portugáliában az elmĂşlt majdnem negyedszázadban. Az ezzel kapcsolatban elvĂ©gzett forráselemzĂ©s Ă©s a makroökonĂłmiai modellek szimuláciĂłi alapján igazoltnak látom a disszertáciĂł hipotĂ©zisĂ©t arra vonatkozĂłan, hogy a strukturális támogatások Portugáliát olyan elĹ‘nyökhöz juttatták, amelyek a támogatások nĂ©lkĂĽl nem valĂłsultak volna meg. A kutatás második kĂ©rdĂ©se arra kereste a választ, hogy mennyiben valĂłsult meg a konvergencia az egyes portugál rĂ©giĂłk Ă©s az országos átlag között a strukturális támogatások tĂĽkrĂ©ben. Az ezzel kapcsolatos forráselemzĂ©sbĹ‘l, szigma Ă©s bĂ©ta számĂtásokbĂłl, valamint saját számĂtásaimbĂłl adĂłdĂłan igazoltnak látom a kutatás másik hipotĂ©zisĂ©t, vagyis, hogy a strukturális támogatások nyomán nem minden idĹ‘szakban, illetve nem mindig a támogatások arányában vagy azok hatására valĂłsult meg a konvergencia az egyes portugál rĂ©giĂłk között. IlymĂłdon az EurĂłpai UniĂł regionális politikájának az a cĂ©lkitűzĂ©se, miszerint a támogatások eredmĂ©nyekĂ©ppen az egyes rĂ©giĂłk között meglĂ©vĹ‘ fejlĹ‘dĂ©sbeli kĂĽlönbsĂ©gek csökkennek, a portugál rĂ©giĂłk esetĂ©ben nem valĂłsult meg teljes mĂ©rtĂ©kben
The Genetic Architecture of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Hungary: Analysis of 242 Patients with a Panel of 98 Genes
Effects of Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training on Hemorheological and Laboratory Parameters in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients
<div><p>Background and Design</p><p>In this study we set out to determine the effects of long-term physical training on hemorheological, laboratory parameters, exercise tolerability, psychological factors in cardiac patients participating in an ambulatory rehabilitation program.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Before physical training, patients were examined by echocardiography, tested on treadmill by the Bruce protocol, and blood was drawn for laboratory tests. The enrolled 79 ischemic heart disease patients joined a 24-week cardiac rehabilitation training program. Blood was drawn to measure hematocrit (Hct), plasma and whole blood viscosity (PV, WBV), red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and deformability. Hemorheological, clinical chemistry and psychological measurements were repeated 12 and 24 weeks later, and a treadmill test was performed at the end of the program.</p><p>Results</p><p>After 12 weeks Hct, PV, WBV and RBC aggregation were significantly decreased, RBC deformability exhibited a significant increase (p<0.05). Laboratory parameters (triglyceride, uric acid, hsCRP and fibrinogen) were significantly decreased (p<0.05). After 24 weeks the significant results were still observed. By the end of the study, IL-6 and TNF-α levels displayed decreasing trends (p<0.06). There was a significant improvement in MET (p<0.001), and the BMI decrease was also significant (p<0.05). The vital exhaustion parameters measured on the fatigue impact scale indicated a significant improvement in two areas of the daily activities (p<0.05).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Regular physical training improved the exercise tolerability of patients with ischemic heart disease. Previous publications have demonstrated that decreases in Hct and PV may reduce cardiovascular risk, while a decrease in RBC aggregation and an increase in deformability improve the capillary flow. Positive changes in laboratory parameters and body weight may indicate better oxidative and inflammatory circumstances and an improved metabolic state. The psychological findings point to an improvement in the quality of life.</p></div
Results of the multivariate linear regression analyses after the 24-week ambulatory exercise training of ischemic heart disease patients; N = 79.
<p>Results of the multivariate linear regression analyses after the 24-week ambulatory exercise training of ischemic heart disease patients; N = 79.</p
Medication during the 24 week long physical training.
<p>Medication during the 24 week long physical training.</p
Changes in erythrocyte deformability parameters EI<sub>max</sub> and SS<sub>1/2</sub> calculated by the Lineweaver-Burke nonlinear equation after the 12- and 24-week ambulatory exercise training of ischemic heart disease patients.
<p>Changes in erythrocyte deformability parameters EI<sub>max</sub> and SS<sub>1/2</sub> calculated by the Lineweaver-Burke nonlinear equation after the 12- and 24-week ambulatory exercise training of ischemic heart disease patients.</p
Changes in clinical chemistry after the 12- and 24-week ambulatory exercise training of ischemic heart disease patients.
<p>Changes in clinical chemistry after the 12- and 24-week ambulatory exercise training of ischemic heart disease patients.</p
Changes in exercise tolerability parameters (MET and treadmill time) and BMI as well as lean body mass index after the 24-week ambulatory exercise training of ischemic heart disease patients.
<p>Changes in exercise tolerability parameters (MET and treadmill time) and BMI as well as lean body mass index after the 24-week ambulatory exercise training of ischemic heart disease patients.</p
The Genetic Architecture of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Hungary: Analysis of 242 Patients with a Panel of 98 Genes
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disease of the myocardium most commonly caused by mutations in sarcomeric genes. We aimed to perform a nationwide large-scale genetic analysis of a previously unreported, representative HCM cohort in Hungary. A total of 242 consecutive HCM index patients (127 men, 44 ± 11 years) were studied with next generation sequencing using a custom-designed gene-panel comprising 98 cardiomyopathy-related genes. A total of 90 patients (37%) carried pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants. The percentage of patients with P/LP variants in genes with definitive evidence for HCM association was 93%. Most of the patients with P/LP variants had mutations in MYBPC3 (55 pts, 61%) and in MYH7 (21 pts, 23%). Double P/LP variants were present in four patients (1.7%). P/LP variants in other genes could be detected in ≤3% of patients. Of the patients without P/LP variants, 46 patients (19%) carried a variant of unknown significance. Non-HCM P/LP variants were identified in six patients (2.5%), with two in RAF1 (p.Leu633Val, p.Ser257Leu) and one in DES (p.Arg406Trp), FHL1 (p.Glu96Ter), TTN (p.Lys23480fs), and in the mitochondrial genome (m.3243A>G). Frameshift, nonsense, and splice-variants made up 82% of all P/LP MYBPC3 variants. In all the other genes, missense mutations were the dominant form of variants. The MYBPC3 p.Gln1233Ter, the MYBPC3 p.Pro955ArgfsTer95, and the MYBPC3 p.Ser593ProfsTer11 variants were identified in 12, 7, and 13 patients, respectively. These three variants made up 36% of all patients with identified P/LP variants, raising the possibility of a possible founder effect for these mutations. Similar to other HCM populations, the MYBPC3 and the MYH7 genes seemed to be the most frequently affected genes in Hungarian HCM patients. The high prevalence of three MYBPC3 mutations raises the possibility of a founder effect in our HCM cohort