Effects of moderate and high intensity isocaloric aerobic training upon microvascular reactivity and myocardial oxidative stress in rats

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A atuação do enfermeiro no cuidado à gestante com diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional

The aim was to describe the role of nurses in caring for pregnant women with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, as well as presenting the risks for the binomial and proposing a care plan for nurses in Primary Health Care in the face of the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Through an integrative literature review, the following guiding question was established: Does nursing care for pregnant women with gestational diabetes have an impact on reducing risks to the binomial? The final sample consisted of five Brazilian articles. From the results found, it is concluded that nurses have an important responsibility in carrying out prenatal care, especially regarding early diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes. It is essential to carry out tests and monitor the blood glucose level and other associated symptoms, since prevention and adequate treatment are essential for preventing, mainly, spontaneous abortion, arterial hypertension, infections and preterm births, fetal macrosomia, and prematurity. It was possible to build, as a proposal, a care plan for the Nurse in Primary Health Care facing the diagnosis of gestational diabetes.Objetivou-se descrever a atuação do enfermeiro no cuidado à gestante com o diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional, assim como, apresentar os riscos para o binômio e propor um plano de cuidados ao enfermeiro da Atenção Primaria à Saúde frente ao diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional. Por meio de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, estabeleceu-se a seguinte questão norteadora: A assistência de enfermagem à gestante com diabetes gestacional tem impacto na redução de riscos ao binômio? A amostra final constou-se de cinco artigos brasileiros. A partir dos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que o enfermeiro tem importante responsabilidade na realização do pré-natal, principalmente no que diz respeito ao diagnóstico precoce e tratamento do diabetes gestacional. É indispensável a realização de exames e monitoramento do nível glicêmico e dos demais sintomas associados, visto que a prevenção e tratamento adequado são primordiais para prevenção, majoritariamente, de aborto espontâneo, hipertensão arterial, infecções e partos pré-termos, macrossomia fetal e a prematuridade. Foi possível construir, como proposta, um plano de cuidados para o Enfermeiro na Atenção Primária à Saúde frente ao diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional

A atuação do enfermeiro no cuidado à gestante com diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional

The aim was to describe the role of nurses in caring for pregnant women with the diagnosis of gestational diabetes, as well as presenting the risks for the binomial and proposing a care plan for nurses in Primary Health Care in the face of the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. Through an integrative literature review, the following guiding question was established: Does nursing care for pregnant women with gestational diabetes have an impact on reducing risks to the binomial? The final sample consisted of five Brazilian articles. From the results found, it is concluded that nurses have an important responsibility in carrying out prenatal care, especially regarding early diagnosis and treatment of gestational diabetes. It is essential to carry out tests and monitor the blood glucose level and other associated symptoms, since prevention and adequate treatment are essential for preventing, mainly, spontaneous abortion, arterial hypertension, infections and preterm births, fetal macrosomia, and prematurity. It was possible to build, as a proposal, a care plan for the Nurse in Primary Health Care facing the diagnosis of gestational diabetes.Objetivou-se descrever a atuação do enfermeiro no cuidado à gestante com o diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional, assim como, apresentar os riscos para o binômio e propor um plano de cuidados ao enfermeiro da Atenção Primaria à Saúde frente ao diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional. Por meio de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, estabeleceu-se a seguinte questão norteadora: A assistência de enfermagem à gestante com diabetes gestacional tem impacto na redução de riscos ao binômio? A amostra final constou-se de cinco artigos brasileiros. A partir dos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que o enfermeiro tem importante responsabilidade na realização do pré-natal, principalmente no que diz respeito ao diagnóstico precoce e tratamento do diabetes gestacional. É indispensável a realização de exames e monitoramento do nível glicêmico e dos demais sintomas associados, visto que a prevenção e tratamento adequado são primordiais para prevenção, majoritariamente, de aborto espontâneo, hipertensão arterial, infecções e partos pré-termos, macrossomia fetal e a prematuridade. Foi possível construir, como proposta, um plano de cuidados para o Enfermeiro na Atenção Primária à Saúde frente ao diagnóstico de diabetes gestacional

Salvador Dalí's paintings to introduce Quantum Mechanics concepts in High School

A few papers have presented results of teaching Quantum Mechanics in High School. As a high abstraction level is demanded, it is necessary to reconsider theoretical assumptions, approaches and methodologies, in order to reduce difficulties in its insertion. This paper presents the achievements of a research, which is a didactic proposal for High School comprising discussions about Quantum Mechanics, involving elements that relate Physics and some paintings of Salvador Dalí. Embracing the relations between Physics and Art allows us to approach and express the relations between scientific education and culture with alternative ways to enrich the knowledge meaning, also aiming to provide students with a broader view about the scientific knowledge construction in an intelligent dialogue with the world.  To do so, the proposal presents an operative methodology, approaching science as a historical and social knowledge to teach quantum mechanics, and it aims to make the student able to hypothesize, conceptualize, situate scientific explanations in time, in short, operate according to the provided tools. Working with the ways in which Physics, introduced as a cultural component, influences the interpretations of macro and microscopic phenomena and contributes to the understanding of Modern Physics, part of twentieth-century Physics. Therefore, adding cultural elements to Physics world seems to be increasingly necessary, as it seems to resignify it by rehumanizing its knowledge. In addition, using the historical context seems to give us a greater extensiveness to knowledge, since it also starts being part of a broader culture, beyond its scientific meaning

Pinturas de Salvador Dalí para introduzir conceitos de Mecânica Quântica no Ensino Médio

A few papers have presented results of teaching Quantum Mechanics in High School. As a high abstraction level is demanded, it is necessary to reconsider theoretical assumptions, approaches and methodologies, in order to reduce difficulties in its insertion. This paper presents the achievements of a research, which is a didactic proposal for High School comprising discussions about Quantum Mechanics, involving elements that relate Physics and some paintings of Salvador Dalí. Embracing the relations between Physics and Art allows us to approach and express the relations between scientific education and culture with alternative ways to enrich the knowledge meaning, also aiming to provide students with a broader view about the scientific knowledge construction in an intelligent dialogue with the world.  To do so, the proposal presents an operative methodology, approaching science as a historical and social knowledge to teach quantum mechanics, and it aims to make the student able to hypothesize, conceptualize, situate scientific explanations in time, in short, operate according to the provided tools. Working with the ways in which Physics, introduced as a cultural component, influences the interpretations of macro and microscopic phenomena and contributes to the understanding of Modern Physics, part of twentieth-century Physics. Therefore, adding cultural elements to Physics world seems to be increasingly necessary, as it seems to resignify it by rehumanizing its knowledge. In addition, using the historical context seems to give us a greater extensiveness to knowledge, since it also starts being part of a broader culture, beyond its scientific meaning. Poucos trabalhos têm apresentado resultados do ensino de mecânica quântica no ensino médio. Como um alto nível de abstração é exigido, é necessário reconsiderar os pressupostos teóricos, abordagens e metodologias, a fim de reduzir as dificuldades na sua inserção. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa, que é uma proposta didática para ensino médio compreendendo discussões sobre mecânica quântica e elementos que relacionam física e algumas pinturas de Salvador Dalí. Abraçar as relações entre a física e a arte nos permite aproximar e expressar as relações entre a educação científica e a cultura, com formas alternativas para enriquecer o significado do conhecimento, também buscando proporcionar aos alunos uma visão mais ampla sobre a construção do conhecimento científico, em um diálogo inteligente com o mundo. Para isso, a proposta apresenta uma metodologia operatória, aproximando a ciência como conhecimento histórico e social para ensinar mecânica quântica, e visa tornar o aluno capaz de desenvolver hipóteses, conceitos, situar explicações científicas no tempo, em suma, operar de acordo com as ferramentas fornecidas. Trabalhar com as formas pelas quais a física, introduzida como um componente cultural, influencia as interpretações dos fenômenos macro e microscópicos contribui para a compreensão da física moderna, parte da física do século XX. Portanto, adicionar elementos culturais ao mundo da física parece ser cada vez mais necessário, uma vez que parece ressignificá-la ao reumanizar seu conhecimento. Além disso, usar o contexto histórico parece nos dar uma maior amplitude ao conhecimento, uma vez que ele também começa a fazer parte de uma cultura mais ampla, além de seu significado científico

α-Tocopherol Improves Microcirculatory Dysfunction on Fructose Fed Hamsters.

Fructose, an everyday component of western diet associated to chronic hyperglycemia and enhanced free radical production, impairs endothelial function and supplementation with antioxidants might improve it. In this study we investigated if vitamin E could reverse the microvascular damage elicited by fructose. Male Syrian golden hamsters drank either 10% fructose solution (F) or filtered water (C), combined with three concentrations of vitamin E in their chows [zero, normal (VE) or 5X (5XVE)] during 60 days. Microvascular reactivity in response to topical application of acetylcholine (Ach; endothelium-dependent vasodilator) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP; endothelium-independent vasodilator) and macromolecular permeability increase induced by either 30 min ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R) or topical application of histamine (5 μM) were assessed using the cheek pouch preparation. Compared to controls (drinking filtered water), fructose-drinking animals showed decreased vasodilatation to acetylcholine in all concentrations tested (-56.2% for 10-9M, -53.9% for 10-7M and -43.7% for 10-5M). On the other hand, vitamin E supplementation resulted in increased responses for both water and fructose drinking groups (177.4% for F vs. F/5XVE and 241.6% for C vs. C/5XVE for 10-5M Ach). Endothelial-independent vasodilatation explored by topical application of SNP was restored and even enhanced with the supplementation of 5X vitamin E in both groups (80.1% for F vs. F/5XVE; 144.2% for C vs. C/5XVE; 3.4% of difference for C/5XVE vs. F/5XVE on 10-5M SNP). The number of leaky sites after I/R and histamine stimuli in vitamin E supplemented animals decreased (-25.1% and -15.3% for F vs. F/5XVE; and -21.7% and -16% of leaky sites comparing C vs. C/5XVE, respectively for I/R and histamine stimuli) pointing to tightening of the endothelial barrier for macromolecular permeability. Our results strongly suggest that vitamin E could improve the endothelial function and permeability barrier and also reverse impairments elicited by sugar overload

Experimental design and protocol.

<p>(1A) Eight weeks-old hamsters were treated during 8 weeks as described: animals were divided into two major groups, substitution of the drinking water by 10% fructose solution or kept drinking filtered water. Each major group had the formulated chow associated to three different concentrations of vitamin E: zero vitamin E (groups F and C), 75U/kg (normal concentration of vitamin E—groups F/VE and C/VE) and 375U/kg (5 times the normal concentration of vitamin E—groups F/5XVE and C/5XVE). After the 8^th week of treatment, the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation was evaluated by intravital microscopy and animals were euthanized for blood collection. (1B) Microcirculatory function was evaluated in two fronts: endothelial function by topical application of either acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside, both in three different concentrations (10⁻⁹, 10⁻⁷ and 10^-5M), in a cumulative dose-response curve and macromolecular permeability increase induced by either ischemia/reperfusion (30 min local ischemia followed by reperfusion) or topical application of histamine (5 μM during 5 min).</p