Perspective : une revue d’histoire de l’art à l’INHA

« Historia quoque modo scripta, semper delectat... » : que l’on nous permette de rebondir sur la phrase de Pline citée par Alain Schnapp pour présenter Perspective, la revue de l’INHA. Depuis quarante ans en effet, en France, chaque génération d’historiens de l’art a créé une grande revue, souvent en relation avec l’idée de la création d’un institut d’histoire de l’art : la Revue de l’art par André Chastel en 1968, Histoire de l’Art, en 1989, au moment de la préfiguration de l’institut actuel..

Hommage à Avigdor Arikha (1929-2010)

Avigdor Arikha, peintre, dessinateur et graveur de renommée internationale, nous a quittés le 29 avril 2010. La Bibliothèque nationale de France lui a rendu hommage en 2008 par une exposition de son œuvre gravé dans la Crypte, rue de Richelieu, et s’enorgueillit d’avoir fait découvrir au public un aspect presque secret de l’œuvre de cet artiste dont la plupart des estampes sont à présent introuvables hors des collections de la BnF. Outre ses talents reconnus de peintre et de dessinateur, Ari..

OA04-01. Safety and immunogenicity of LIPO-5, a HIV-1 lipopeptide vaccine: results of ANRS VAC18, a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

International audiencen.

Fragonard : un nouvel examen

Cuzin Jean-Pierre. Fragonard : un nouvel examen. In: Revue de l'Art, 1988, n°80. pp. 83-87

Experiences of HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) among highly exposed men who have sex with men (MSM)

International audienc

Georges de La Tour. L'Europa della luce

Si tratta del catalogo della prima mostra dedicata in Italia a Georges de La Tour che viene qui studiato in relazione al contributo dato alla formulazione della scena notturna nella pittura europea del Seicento

Proteasome dysfunction mediates high glucose-induced apoptosis in rodent beta cells and human islets

The ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS), a major cellular protein degradation machinery, plays key roles in the regulation of many cell functions. Glucotoxicity mediated by chronic hyperglycaemia is detrimental to the function and survival of pancreatic beta cells. The aim of our study was to determine whether proteasome dysfunction could be involved in beta cell apoptosis in glucotoxic conditions, and to evaluate whether such a dysfunction might be pharmacologically corrected. Therefore, UPS activity was measured in GK rats islets, INS-1E beta cells or human islets after high glucose and/or UPS inhibitor exposure. Immunoblotting was used to quantify polyubiquitinated proteins, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through CHOP expression, and apoptosis through the cleavage of PARP and caspase-3, whereas total cell death was detected through histone-associated DNA fragments measurement. In vitro, we found that chronic exposure of INS-1E cells to high glucose concentrations significantly decreases the three proteasome activities by 20% and leads to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. We showed that pharmacological blockade of UPS activity by 20% leads to apoptosis in a same way. Indeed, ER stress was involved in both conditions. These results were confirmed in human islets, and proteasome activities were also decreased in hyperglycemic GK rats islets. Moreover, we observed that a high glucose treatment hypersensitized beta cells to the apoptotic effect of proteasome inhibitors. Noteworthily, the decreased proteasome activity can be corrected with Exendin-4, which also protected against glucotoxicity-induced apoptosis. Taken together, our findings reveal an important role of proteasome activity in high glucose-induced beta cell apoptosis, potentially linking ER stress and glucotoxicity. These proteasome dysfunctions can be reversed by a GLP-1 analog. Thus, UPS may be a potent target to treat deleterious metabolic conditions leading to type 2 diabetes

COVID-19 and Pasteurella multocida Pulmonary Coinfection: A Case Series

Objectives: In COVID-19 patients, bacterial and fungal pulmonary coinfections, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, or Aspergillus, have been reported, but to our knowledge, no case has been reported due to Pasteurella multocida. Patients and methods: We describe three cases of Pasteurella multocida coinfections occurring during the 4th wave of COVID-19 in Martinique (French West Indies). Results: All three cases were fatal; thus, Pasteurella multocida has to be considered as a potentially severe coinfection agent. Conclusions: Alteration of the epithelial–endothelial barrier due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection probably promotes the expression of a Pasteurella infection. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 infection induced immunosuppression, and an inflammatory cascade could explain the infection’s severity. The use of corticosteroids, which are part of the first-line therapeutic arsenal against COVID-19, may also promote the pathogenicity of this agent

CD4+ cell count recovery after combined antiretroviral therapy in the modern combined antiretroviral therapy era

International audienceObjective: To assess CD4 recovery after combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) initiation with sustained virologic control.Design: Cohort study based on the French Hospital Database on HIV (FHDH-ANRS CO4).Methods: We selected naive HIV-1-infected individuals initiating cART between 2006 and 2014 with CD4 cell counts less than 500 cells/μl who achieved virologic control, defined as two consecutive viral loads less than 50 copies/ml. We estimated the cumulative incidence of CD4 recovery at least 500 cells/μl and identified associated factors, considering 'virologic failure,' 'loss to follow-up' and 'death' as competing events.Results: We analyzed 6050 individuals with a median follow-up of 14.2 months since virologic control. The cumulative incidence for CD4 recovery after 6 years of virologic control reached 69.7%. The main factor associated with CD4 recovery was the CD4 count at treatment initiation [subdistribution hazard ratio (sHR) 9.64, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 8.12-11.43 for CD4 cell counts between 350 and 500 cells/μl compared with CD4 cell counts <100 cells/μl). A higher CD4/CD8 ratio at initiation was also independently associated with a higher probability of CD4 recovery [sHR 1.67; 95% CI 1.34-2.09] for a CD4/CD8 ratio ≥1.00 vs. < 0.30). Higher viral load at initiation was also associated with a higher probability of CD4 recovery, whereas time to viral suppression was not.Conclusion: After 6 years of sustained virologic control, a large majority of the population achieved CD4 recovery. A higher CD4 cell count at initiation was a strong predictor of CD4 recovery and, to a lesser extent, a higher CD4/CD8 ratio at initiation. These results confirm the necessity of early treatment