283 research outputs found
Tracking perception of the sounds of English
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127790.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Twenty American English listeners identified gated fragments of all 2288 possible English within-word and cross-word diphones, providing a total of 538 560 phoneme categorizations. The results show orderly uptake of acoustic information in the signal and provide a view of where information about segments occurs in time. Information locus depends on each speech sound's identity and phonological features. Affricates and diphthongs have highly localized information so that listeners' perceptual accuracy rises during a confined time range. Stops and sonorants have more distributed and gradually appearing information. The identity and phonological features (e. g., vowel vs consonant) of the neighboring segment also influences when acoustic information about a segment is available. Stressed vowels are perceived significantly more accurately than unstressed vowels, but this effect is greater for lax vowels than for tense vowels or diphthongs. The dataset charts the availability of perceptual cues to segment identity across time for the full phoneme repertoire of English in all attested phonetic context
Are Post-Newtonian templates faithful and effectual in detecting gravitational signals from neutron star binaries?
We compute the overlap function between Post-Newtonian (PN) templates and
gravitational signals emitted by binary systems composed of one neutron star
and one point mass, obtained by a perturbative approach. The calculations are
performed for different stellar models and for different detectors, to estimate
how effectual and faithful the PN templates are, and to establish whether
effects related to the internal structure of neutron stars may possibly be
extracted by the matched filtering technique.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Measuring black-hole parameters and testing general relativity using gravitational-wave data from space-based interferometers
Among the expected sources of gravitational waves for the Laser
Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is the capture of solar-mass compact stars
by massive black holes residing in galactic centers. We construct a simple
model for such a capture, in which the compact star moves freely on a circular
orbit in the equatorial plane of the massive black hole. We consider the
gravitational waves emitted during the late stages of orbital evolution,
shortly before the orbiting mass reaches the innermost stable circular orbit.
We construct a simple model for the gravitational-wave signal, in which the
phasing of the waves plays the dominant role. The signal's behavior depends on
a number of parameters, including , the mass of the orbiting star, ,
the mass of the central black hole, and , the black hole's angular momentum.
We calculate, using our simplified model, and in the limit of large
signal-to-noise ratio, the accuracy with which these quantities can be
estimated during a gravitational-wave measurement. Our simplified model also
suggests a method for experimentally testing the strong-field predictions of
general relativity.Comment: ReVTeX, 16 pages, 5 postscript figure
Gravitational signals emitted by a point mass orbiting a neutron star: effects of stellar structure
The effects that the structure of a neutron star would have on the
gravitational emission of a binary system are studied in a perturbative regime,
and in the frequency domain. Assuming that a neutron star is perturbed by a
point mass moving on a close, circular orbit, we solve the equations of stellar
perturbations in general relativity to evaluate the energy lost by the system
in gravitational waves. We compare the energy output obtained for different
stellar models with that found by assuming that the perturbed object is a black
hole with the same mass, and we discuss the role played by the excitation of
the stellar modes. Ouresults indicate that the stellar structure begins to
affect the emitted power when the orbital velocity is v >0.2c (about 185 Hz for
a binary system composed of two canonical neutron stars). We show that the
differences between different stellar models and a black hole are due mainly to
the excitation of the quasinormal modes of the star. Finally, we discuss to
what extent and up to which distance the perturbative approach can be used to
describe the interaction of a star and a pointlike massive body.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D. Revised version,
added one table and extended discussio
Accounting and social movements: An exploration of critical accounting praxis
A central tenet of critical accounting research maintains the need to challenge and change existing social relations; moving towards a more emancipated and equitable social order. The question of how critical accounting research upholds this principle has been intermittently discussed. This paper aims to engage with, and further, this discussion by contributing to research linking accounting information to social movements.
The paper reviews the literature on accounting and social movements, central to which is the work of Gallhofer and Haslam; using their work as a departure point we discussion the nature of accounting information and focus on social movement unionism (SMU). Drawing on Bakhtinian dialogics and classical Marxism we develop an alternative theoretical framework to analyse an example of accounting information and social movements, covering a trade union pay dispute. The paper concludes with a discussion of the class nature of accounting information, including an exploration of the implications for accounting praxis and agency in the struggles for an emancipated world.
The paper builds on the limited amount of existing work in this area; exploring the âclass belongingnessâ of accounting information and developing an understanding which can help guide the praxis of critical accounting researchers
Post-Newtonian Gravitational Radiation
1 Introduction 2 Multipole Decomposition 3 Source Multipole Moments 4
Post-Minkowskian Approximation 5 Radiative Multipole Moments 6 Post-Newtonian
Approximation 7 Point-Particles 8 ConclusionComment: 46 pages, in Einstein's Field Equations and Their Physical
Implications, B. Schmidt (Ed.), Lecture Notes in Physics, Springe
Crises and collective socio-economic phenomena: simple models and challenges
Financial and economic history is strewn with bubbles and crashes, booms and
busts, crises and upheavals of all sorts. Understanding the origin of these
events is arguably one of the most important problems in economic theory. In
this paper, we review recent efforts to include heterogeneities and
interactions in models of decision. We argue that the Random Field Ising model
(RFIM) indeed provides a unifying framework to account for many collective
socio-economic phenomena that lead to sudden ruptures and crises. We discuss
different models that can capture potentially destabilising self-referential
feedback loops, induced either by herding, i.e. reference to peers, or
trending, i.e. reference to the past, and account for some of the phenomenology
missing in the standard models. We discuss some empirically testable
predictions of these models, for example robust signatures of RFIM-like herding
effects, or the logarithmic decay of spatial correlations of voting patterns.
One of the most striking result, inspired by statistical physics methods, is
that Adam Smith's invisible hand can badly fail at solving simple coordination
problems. We also insist on the issue of time-scales, that can be extremely
long in some cases, and prevent socially optimal equilibria to be reached. As a
theoretical challenge, the study of so-called "detailed-balance" violating
decision rules is needed to decide whether conclusions based on current models
(that all assume detailed-balance) are indeed robust and generic.Comment: Review paper accepted for a special issue of J Stat Phys; several
minor improvements along reviewers' comment
Newborn Magnetars as sources of Gravitational Radiation: constraints from High Energy observations of Magnetar Candidates
Soft Gamma Repeaters and the Anomalous X-ray Pulsars are believed to contain
slowly spinning "magnetars". The enormous energy liberated in the 2004 Dece 27
giant flare from SGR 1806-20, together with the likely recurrence time of such
events, points to an internal magnetic field strength ~ 10^{16} G. Such strong
fields are expected to be generated by a coherent alpha-Omega dynamo in the
early seconds after the Neutron Star formation, if its spin period is of a few
milliseconds at most. A substantial deformation of the NS is caused by such
fields and a newborn millisecond-spinning magnetar would thus radiate for a few
days a strong gravitational wave signal. Such a signal may be detected with
Advanced LIGO-class detectors up to the distance of the Virgo cluster, where ~
1 magnetar per year are expected to form. Recent X-ray observations reveal that
SNRs around magnetar candidates do not show evidence for a larger energy
content than standard SNRs (Vink & Kuiper 2006). This is at variance with what
would be expected if the spin energy of the young, millisecond NS were radiated
away as electromagnetic radiation andd/or relativistic particle winds and,
thus, transferred quickly to the expanding gas shell. We show here that these
recent findings can be reconciled with the idea of magnetars being formed with
fast spins, if most of their initial spin energy is radiated thorugh GWs. In
particular, we find that this occurs for essentially the same parameter range
that would make such objects detectable by Advanced LIGO-class detectors up to
the Virgo Cluster.Comment: Proceedings of the Conference "Isolated Neutron stars: from the
interior to the surface", Eds. D. Page, R. Turolla, S. Zan
An -frequency dynamics algorithm for gravitational waves
Coalescence of low mass compact binaries of neutron stars and black holes are
primary burst sources for LIGO and VIRGO.Of importance in the early stages of
observations will be the classification of candidate detections by source-type.
The diversity in source parameters and serendipity in any new window of
observations suggest to consider model-independent detection algorithms. Here a
frequency dynamics algorithm is described which extracts a trajectory in the
-plane from the noisy signal. The algorithm is studied in simulated
binary coalescence. Robust results are obtained with experimental noise data.
Experiments show the method to be superior to matched filtering in the presence
of model imperfections.Comment: to appear in Rapid Commun, Phys Rev
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