Migração, uma responsabilidade compartilhada

La entrevista aborda el tema de la línea de investigación - la migración internacional de México a Estados Unidos de la Dra. Silvia Giorguli, referente a los impactos de la migración en la educación de niños y jóvenes, y la migración centroamericana.The subject of the interview addresses Dr. Silvia Giorguli'sresearch line - the international migration from Mexico to the United States specially the impacts of migration on the education of children and young people, and Central American migration.A entrevista aborda o tema da linha de pesquisa – a migração internacional do México aos Estados Unidos da Dra. Silvia Giorguli, referente aos impactos da migração na educação de crianças e jovens, e a migração centro-americana

Estudo da relação entre a espessura do ligamento cruzado anterior, os dados antropométricos e as medidas anatômicas do joelho

ResumoObjetivoObter as medidas da espessura do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) em seu terço médio em exames de ressonância magnética e avaliar se existe associação entre a variação da espessura do ligamento com a altura e a idade dos pacientes, bem como com as variações das medidas anatômicas do joelho.MétodosForam avaliados os exames de ressonância magnética de 48 joelhos, aferidas as medidas do tamanho anteroposterior dos côndilos femorais, distância interepicondilar, distância intercondilar e as espessuras anteroposterior e mediolateral do LCA e avaliamos se existe relação estatística entre a espessura do LCA e a idade ou a altura dos pacientes e as demais medidas avaliadas.ResultadosA média da espessura no terço médio do LCA foi de 4,5mm no plano sagital e 4,3mm no plano frontal. A espessura anteroposterior do LCA no seu terço médio tem relação positiva com o tamanho do côndilo lateral. A espessura mediolateral do LCA no seu terço médio tem relação positiva com o tamanho do côndilo lateral e com a distância intercondilar no plano axial. Não encontramos relação entre a espessura do LCA e a idade ou a altura dos pacientes.ConclusãoA espessura do LCA apresenta uma associação positiva com o tamanho do côndilo femoral lateral e a distância intercondilar.AbstractObjectivesTo ascertain thickness measurements on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in its middle third on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and to assess whether there is any association between variations in ligament thickness and patients’ heights and ages, along with variations in the anatomical measurements on the knee.MethodsMRI scans on 48 knees were evaluated. The anteroposterior size of the femoral condyles, interepicondylar distance, intercondylar distance and anteroposterior and mediolateral thicknesses of the ACL were measured. It was assessed whether there was any statistical relationship between ACL thickness and the patients’ age, height or other measurements evaluated.ResultsThe mean thickness of the middle third of the ACL was 4.5mm in the sagittal plane and 4.3mm in the frontal plane. The anteroposterior thickness of the ACL in its middle third had a positive relationship with the size of the lateral condyle. The mediolateral thickness of the ACL in its middle third had a positive relationship with the size of the lateral condyle and with the intercondylar distance in the axial plane. There was no relationship between the thickness of the ACL and the patients’ age or height.ConclusionThe thickness of the ACL presented positive associations with the size of the lateral femoral condyle and the intercondylar distance

Proposal of grids for preliminary treatment of sewage

A região norte possui a maior quantidade de água doce do Brasil, dispõe aproximadamente 80% dos recursos hídricos do país. Em contraponto, a cidade de Manaus conta com uma rede de coleta e tratamento de esgotos aquém dos requisitos do saneamento básico, em muitas situações, as águas servidas são lançadas nos corpos receptores sem o tratamento primário, prejudicando as condições naturais dos rios e igarapés da cidade. Este artigo propõe a implantação de barreiras físicas em locais próximos à saída dos esgotos ou nos próprios emissários, para a retenção de sólidos grosseiros, analisando alguns materiais sustentáveis que possam ser utilizados para compor as redes de contenção. Para o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica na temática de esgoto sanitário, análise de relatórios técnicos produzido recentemente, com a caracterização hidrológica da cidade de Manaus. Com intuito de propor alternativas simples para as comunidades, este trabalho consultou materiais naturais regionais já utilizados para redes e tramas e considerou que a fibra de Curauá seria um material com grande possibilidade no uso de redes para coleta de sólidos grosseiros, adaptáveis ao tratamento preliminar de efluentes, em razão da resistência, durabilidade e condições de alongamento.The northern region has the largest amount of freshwater in Brazil, with approximately 80% of the country's water resources. In contrast, the city of Manaus has a sewage collection and treatment network that falls short of basic sanitation requirements; in many situations, wastewater is discharged into receiving rivers without primary treatment, damaging the natural rivers and streams conditions. This paper proposal is physical barriers implantation, near the sewer exit or in the emissaries, for the coarse solids retention, analyzing some sustainable materials that can be used to compose the containment networks. For the development of this research, a bibliographical research was carried out on the subject of sanitary sewage, analysis of technical reports produced recently, with the hydrological characterization of Manaus city. In order to propose simple alternatives for the communities, to adapt in the existing systems, this work consulted regional natural materials already used for networks and plots and considered that Curauá would be a material with great possibility in the use of networks for collection of coarse solids, adaptable to the preliminary effluent treatment, due to the strength, durability and elongation conditions

Analysis of plastic surgery in adolescents in Brazil

Introduction: Brazil is one of the countries that most resort to plastic surgeries, performing a total of 1.5 million procedures in 2016, 57% of which are cosmetic. However, one fact that really draws attention is the fact that adolescents seek professionals to perform reparative surgeries. This fact reflects the dissatisfaction with body image, being a problem associated with factors such as female gender, overweight and physical activity. To analyze the search of adolescents for plastic procedures, taking into account data from the year 2016 and 2014, based on the literature. Methodology: Literature review based on articles available in SciELO and data from the 2016 Census described by the Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery (SBCP), carried out by means of an electronic form answered by SBCP members. Results: According to the SBCP census, in the year 2016, 47.5% of the procedures were non-surgical and 52.5% surgical, compared to 17.4% non-surgical and 82.6% surgical in 2014. In addition, It was concluded that among the surgeries performed in 2016, 57% were aesthetic and 43% were restorative, while in 2014, 60% of the surgeries performed were aesthetic and 40% were restorative. It is known, however, that among the procedures performed in 2014, 3% were performed in patients up to 12 years of age, while 5.7% were performed in patients 13 to 18 years of age, while in the year of 2016, 1.8% were performed in patients up to 12 years of age, and 4.8% were performed in patients 13 to 18 years of age, with a clear reduction in the demand for plastic surgeries by adolescents, although statistics remain considerable. Another data collected by the census was the use of social media by plastic surgeons, it was revealed that 55.5% of professionals use Facebook, 42.1% use Whatsapp and 35.9% use Instagram. Discussion and conclusion of the results: The use of social media to publicize their work is a reality today for many professionals, however, it is important to remember that such habits bring professionals closer to adolescents, since access to information usually occurs indiscriminately in this environment. Plastic surgery is a procedure with risks and requires physical and psychological maturation. Although there is a legal reality behind plastic surgery in minors, there is not a formal SBCP guidance on this subject, however there is a social charge, increasing medical responsibility when evaluating each case

DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID METHOD TO DETECT STRUCTURAL DAMAGE

Structural damage detection using dynamic measurements has led to the development of several techniques in the last decades. Most of these methods associate modal variations of the structure to damage like methods based on strain energy deviation, methods based on changes in curvature mode shapes, flexibility matrix analysis, etc. Although these techniques aforementioned are mostly efficient to identify structural alterations in numerical models, they have difficulties in practical applications with experimental data. Thus, hybrid methods to detect the presence of damage directly from raw dynamic measurements in addition to structural modal characteristics can be a promising field of research, involving strategies based on artificial intelligence and higher-order statistics. This work aims to present the preliminary results of a hybrid method to detect structural damage. Using modal data and also higher-order statistics of structural time histories as inputs of artificial intelligence algorithms, the viability of the proposed methodology is initially evaluated. Two applications are analyzed: a simply supported numerical beam and an experimental tested prototype concrete slab. The good results achieved motivate the continuous development of the proposed hybrid method

Critical Habitats and Biodiversity: Inventory, Thresholds and Governance

The High Level Panel for Sustainable Ocean Economy (https://oceanpanel.org/) has commissioned a series of “Blue Papers” to explore pressing challenges at the nexus of the ocean and the economy. This paper is part of a series of 16 papers to be published between November 2019 and October 2020. It addresses how multiple human impacts will impact biodiversity underpinning ecosystem services such as marine fisheries, aquaculture, coastal protection and tourism. The paper examines the distribution of marine species and critical marine habitats around the world; analyses trends in drivers, pressures, impacts and response; and establishes thresholds for protecting biodiversity hot spots, and indicators to monitor change. From this scientific base, it assesses the current legal framework and available tools for biodiversity protection, current gaps in ocean governance and management and the implications for achieving a sustainable ocean economy tailored to individual coastal states grouped by social indicators