The role of soil in regulation of climate

Funding We received no funding for this study. Data accessibility This article has no additional data.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Linking Twitter and Survey Data: The Impact of Survey Mode and Demographics on Consent Rates Across Three UK Studies

In light of issues such as increasing unit nonresponse in surveys, several studies argue that social media sources such as Twitter can be used as a viable alternative. However, there are also a number of shortcomings with Twitter data such as questions about its representativeness of the wider population and the inability to validate whose data you are collecting. A useful way forward could be to combine survey and Twitter data to supplement and improve both. To do so, consent within a survey is first needed. This study explores the consent decisions in three large representative surveys of the adult British population to link Twitter data to survey responses and the impact that demographics and survey mode have on these outcomes. Findings suggest that consent rates for data linkage are relatively low, and this is in part mediated by mode, where face-to-face surveys have higher consent rates than web versions. These findings are important to understand the potential for linking Twitter and survey data but also to the consent literature generally

Exile Vol. XVII No. 2

POETRY Grammer lesson by Julie Lockwood 5 Hunter by J. Barmeier 10 (rare) by Alice Merrill 13 November Leaf by J. Barmeier 13 In retrospect by Julie Lockwood 14 Weaving by Alice Merrill 16 SPETSE by Cary Anne Spear 17 View From A Garret To Infinity J. Barmeier 18 Morning after Reflection by J. Barmeier 19 A MINOR CHANGE AT DENISON U.? by Pete Porteous 30 Snowflak by J. Barmeier 32 LOVING by Curtis Hutchens 34 IRISH CONVERSATION by Cary Anne Spear 36 On This Planet by yasue aoki 39 FICTION Visiting Before The Mirror by Holly Battles 8-9, 31 Cypher by Keith McWalter 22-28 ART by Sandy Adams: Cover, 31 by Beth Newman 4 by Jill Harris 6, 13 by Ned Bittinger 7 by Bill Musgrave 12, 20 by Gail Lutsch 15, 18, 26, 29 by M. A. Albert 31 by Charlie Greacen 35 by Diane Ulmer 38 PHOTOGRAPHY by Jill Harris 19 all others by Tim Het

Linking Twitter and Survey Data: The Impact of Survey Mode and Demographics on Consent Rates Across Three UK Studies.

In light of issues such as increasing unit nonresponse in surveys, several studies argue that social media sources such as Twitter can be used as a viable alternative. However, there are also a number of shortcomings with Twitter data such as questions about its representativeness of the wider population and the inability to validate whose data you are collecting. A useful way forward could be to combine survey and Twitter data to supplement and improve both. To do so, consent within a survey is first needed. This study explores the consent decisions in three large representative surveys of the adult British population to link Twitter data to survey responses and the impact that demographics and survey mode have on these outcomes. Findings suggest that consent rates for data linkage are relatively low, and this is in part mediated by mode, where face-to-face surveys have higher consent rates than web versions. These findings are important to understand the potential for linking Twitter and survey data but also to the consent literature generally

Multi-Platform Next-Generation Sequencing of the Domestic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo): Genome Assembly and Analysis

The combined application of next-generation sequencing platforms has provided an economical approach to unlocking the potential of the turkey genome

Developing a conceptual framework for environmental health tracking in Victoria, Australia

Victoria’s (Australia) Environment Protection Authority (EPA), the state’s environmental regulator, has recognized the need to develop an Environmental Health Tracking System (EHTS) to better understand environmental health relationships. To facilitate the process of developing an EHTS; a linkage-based conceptual framework was developed to link routinely collected environmental and health data to better understand environmental health relationships. This involved researching and drawing on knowledge from previous similar projects. While several conceptual frameworks have been used to organize data to support the development of an environmental health tracking system, Driving Force−Pressure−State−Exposure−Effect−Action (DPSEEA) was identified as the most broadly applied conceptual framework. Exposure and effects are two important components of DPSEEA, and currently, exposure data are not available for the EHTS. Therefore, DPSEEA was modified to the Driving Force−Pressure−Environmental Condition−Health Impact−Action (DPEHA) conceptual framework for the proposed Victorian EHTS as there is relevant data available for tracking. The potential application of DPEHA for environmental health tracking was demonstrated through case studies. DPEHA will be a useful tool to support the implementation of Victoria’s environmental health tracking system for providing timely and scientific evidence for EPA and other decision makers in developing and evaluating policies for protecting public health and the environment in Victoria

Rod Photoreceptor Loss in Rho ؊/؊ Mice Reduces Retinal Hypoxia and Hypoxia-Regulated Gene Expression

PURPOSE. This study was conducted to evaluate whether regions of the retinal neuropile become hypoxic during periods of high oxygen consumption and whether depletion of the outer retina reduces hypoxia and related changes in gene expression. METHODS. Retinas from rhodopsin knockout (Rho Ϫ/Ϫ ) mice were evaluated along with those of wild-type (WT) control animals. Retinas were also examined at the end of 12-hour dark or light periods, and a separate group was treated with L-cisdiltiazem at the beginning of a 12-hour dark period. Hypoxia was assessed by deposition of hypoxyprobe (HP) and HPprotein adducts were localized by immunohistochemistry and quantified using ELISA. Also, hypoxia-regulated gene expression and transcriptional activity were assessed alongside vascular density. RESULTS. Hypoxia was observed in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers in WT retina and was significantly reduced in Rho Ϫ/Ϫ mice (P Ͻ 0.05). Retinal hypoxia was significantly increased during dark adaptation in WT mice (P Ͻ 0.05), whereas no change was observed in Rho Ϫ/Ϫ or with L-cis-diltiazem-treated WT mice. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1␣ DNA-binding and VEGF mRNA expression in Rho Ϫ/Ϫ retina was significantly reduced in unison with outer retinal depletion (P Ͻ 0.05). Retina from the Rho Ϫ/Ϫ mice displayed an extensive intraretinal vascular network after 6 months, although there was evidence that capillary density was depleted in comparison with that in WT retinas. CONCLUSIONS. Relative hypoxia occurs in the inner retina especially during dark adaptation. Photoreceptor loss reduces retinal oxygen usage and hypoxia which corresponds with attenuation of the retinal microvasculature. These studies suggest that in normal physiological conditions and diurnal cycles the adult retina exists in a state of borderline hypoxia, making this tissue particularly susceptible to even subtle reductions in perfusion. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47:5553-5560

Abnormal whole‑body energy metabolism in iron‑deficient humans despite preserved skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation

Iron deficiency impairs skeletal muscle metabolism. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely characterised, but animal and human experiments suggest the involvement of signalling pathways co-dependent upon oxygen and iron availability, including the pathway associated with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). We performed a prospective, case–control, clinical physiology study to explore the effects of iron deficiency on human metabolism, using exercise as a stressor. Thirteen iron-deficient (ID) individuals and thirteen iron-replete (IR) control participants each underwent 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of exercising calf muscle to investigate differences in oxidative phosphorylation, followed by whole-body cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Thereafter, individuals were given an intravenous (IV) infusion, randomised to either iron or saline, and the assessments repeated ~ 1 week later. Neither baseline iron status nor IV iron significantly influenced high-energy phosphate metabolism. During submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise, the rate of decline in blood lactate concentration was diminished in the ID group (P = 0.005). Intravenous iron corrected this abnormality. Furthermore, IV iron increased lactate threshold during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise by ~ 10%, regardless of baseline iron status. These findings demonstrate abnormal whole-body energy metabolism in iron-deficient but otherwise healthy humans. Iron deficiency promotes a more glycolytic phenotype without having a detectable effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics