DISSECTION OF THE MECHANISMS CONTROLLING HIGH CONSTITUTIVE ACTIVITY OF HOUSEKEEPING AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC CIS-REGULATORY ELEMENTS

The genetic information is identical within the organism but the mechanisms by which different cell types achieve specialized functions interpreting the same set of instructions is not completely understood. It is now increasingly accepted that the combination of different genomic elements, both promoters and enhancers, favors the recruitment of different TFs, which in turn promotes the assembly of different pre-initiation complexes, guaranteeing heterogeneity in transcriptional outputs across different tissues. Nevertheless, the cis-regulatory elements and the transcriptional rules that control and maintain the expression of constitutively active genes are still poorly characterized. Specifically, whether the constitutive activity of promoters and enhancers relies on entirely distinct or instead shared regulators is unknown. By dissecting the cis-regulatory repertoire of macrophages, we found that the ELF subfamily of ETS proteins selectively bound within 60 bp from the transcription start sites of highly active housekeeping genes. ELFs also bound constitutively active, but not poised macrophage-specific enhancers and promoters. The role of ELFs in promoting constitutive transcription is suggested by multiple evidences: ELF sites enabled transcriptional activation by endogenous and minimal synthetic promoters; ELF recruitment was stabilized by the transcriptional machinery, and ELF proteins mediated recruitment of transcriptional and chromatin regulators to core promoters. These data indicate that a distinct subfamily of ETS proteins imparts high transcriptional activity to a broad range of housekeeping and tissue-specific cis-regulatory elements, which is consistent with the role of an ETS family ancestor in core promoter regulation in a lower eukaryote

Does trust play a role when it comes to donations? A comparison of Italian and US higher education institutions

Higher education institutions (HEIs) have experienced severe cutbacks in funding over the past few years, with universities examining options for alternative funding streams, such as alumni funding. Identifying the factors influencing their alumni's intentions to invest in their alma mater can be of significant importance when establishing a sustainable revenue stream. Within this context, empirical research on the potential role of trust is scarce. This paper aims to deepen the analysis of the relationship between alumni trust and engagement as well as three outcomes, namely support, commitment, and attitude toward donation. A structural equation model was tested on two samples of US (  = 318) and Italian (  = 314) alumni. Although both countries are affluent and developed countries, the USA has an established tradition of alumni donations, which is not such a developed practice in Italy. For both countries, results confirm that engagement is an antecedent of trust, which in turn leads to the three investigated outcomes (support, commitment, and attitude toward donations). In contrast, the effect of commitment on attitude toward donations is significant only for the USA universities. The paper has interesting theoretical and managerial implications. From a theoretical point of view, the study aims to address a gap concerning the role of trust in the HE context. Managerially, the study has significant implications for universities that want to change alumni attitude toward donations. [Abstract copyright: © Springer Nature B.V. 2020.

La comunicazione web dei quartieri fieristici

Purpose of the paper: The main goal of the work is to outline the principal trends and the role played by the web communication within the international trade fair scenario. At a later time, the adequacy of the online communicative activities, adopted by the Italian exhibition centers, is evaluated. Methodology: A systematic review process (aimed at identify all the academic articles focused on the Trade Shows field between 1996 and 2016 and in particular on the web communication role) and a website quality evaluation model (2QCV2Q, Mich, Franch, 2000) are adopted. The model is here adapted to the sector of reference by the insertion of a series of quality variables specifically identified and used in literature for the trade show websites quality evaluation. Results: The survey shows an overall insufficient and underdeveloped adoption of the online communicative tools by the National exhibition centers. Although the majority of them own an official website, only a small percentage (about less than half) realizes really interactive online communicative activities. From the point of view of the single investigated dimensions, the National trade show websites present, as a whole, a correct brand identity construction (IDENTITY), a high content richness (CONTENT) and, to a lesser extent, a proper and careful website content management/update (MANAGEMENT). In contrast, the most evident criticalities have emerged in the context of the INDIVIDUATION, USABILITY and SERVICES dimensions. Limits: The study limitation is linked to the fact the survey has been conducted from an external perspective, not making possible, in this context, to realize a trade show online communication assessment in relation to the governance specific objectives. For the future, the authors’ interest is to extend the research from a methodological (through direct interviews with the National exhibition centers managers) and a geographical point of view (through a comparison with exhibition systems of other countries, in order to understand the real development state of the National exhibition centers online communicative activities). Implications: The study identifies a series of possible learning and innovative paths the National trade show industry could undertake in order to reduce the gap that currently separates the National exhibition universe from a totally powerful use of the web communication tools. Originality of the paper: The adopted literature review process has permitted to map the different academic articles that have deepened, in the last 20 years, the Tradeshows (TSs) field, allowing, in this way, to outline the main trends characterizing the recent literature specifically dedicated to this research sector

" Utile dulci ", comment joindre l’utile à l’agréable ou comment motiver des latinistes débutants (5ème) et des latinistes confirmés (3ème)

Professorat des collèges et lycéesCe mémoire a pour objectif premier d’étudier en parallèle les tenants et les aboutissants de la motivation des latinistes débutants (5°) et des latinistes confirmés (3°). Un premier constat mettra en lumière une motivation en baisse et une réticence grandissante d’un niveau à l’autre. Les activités présentées ensuite rebondiront sur ce constat pour sans cesse susciter l’envie d’apprendre chez l’élève et tenter de joindre l’utile à l’agréable en cours de latin

NEW MEDIA IN TRADE SHOWS Support tools or dominant solutions for the future?

Systematically defined in 1986, Trade Shows (TSs) still represent today a leading business and development instrument for the global and European economy. However, over the years, TSs have acquired new functions and new roles. This evolution also happened in light of the major socio-economic changes of the new millennium. In particular, the XX and XXI centuries brought with them important socio-economic changes, thus forcing trade shows to deal with the effect of the globalization phenomenon, the consequences of the 2008 crisis, and the advent of the new media. Faced with this background, the aim of the present book is to gain a deeper understanding of the adoption and use of the new media in the TSs context. In particular, the work intends to reach the following objectives: (i) analysis of the thirty-year evolution (1988-2018) of the trade show literature; (ii) identification of the main trends emerging from the more recent literature (2010-2018); (iii) exploration of the impact of new media (i.e., social media and virtual tools) in the trade show sector, especially from the organizers’ perspective. Notably, the focus on the organizer’s category represents an attempt to fill a specific research gap, emerged from the analysis of the existing TS literature, concerning the scant attention towards this stakeholders’ target

Global vs. Local: A Quantitative Study of Factors Influencing Italian Consumers’ Preference in the Purchase of Food Products

Purpose: The study intends to expand the current literature on Italian consumers’ brand preferences between local vs. global alternatives in the specific Italian food sector. Design/methodology/approach: This study draws on concepts largely investigated like cultural identity theory, consumer ethnocentrism, and product category involvement to examine the mechanisms that drive Italian consumers to prefer alternative local or global brands in the food sector. A non-hierarchical cluster analysis represents the core part of the quantitative research that involved 412 participants. Findings: By confirming the validity of existing studies, the present paper contributes to the food consumption literature by testing a conceptual model that integrates previous research concepts, thus deepening the analysis of the factors affecting Italian consumers’ food brand preferences. The cluster analysis allowed for dividing Italian consumers into two distinguished groups with characteristics coherent inside the same group. Research limitations/implications: This study emphasizes the key relevance of the investigated variables in the implementation of positioning and communication strategies aimed at meeting the needs of specific markets in which firms operate, and it highlights the importance of analyzing those variables together. The sample composed of Italian consumers did not allow the generalizability of the results. Furthermore, this study focuses on the narrow category of chocolate bar products. Therefore, this does not permit the results to be generalized to other food products. Originality/value: The novel research is based on signaling theory that contributes to the local and global branding domains from the Italian perspective. This work is also the first to analyze the food sector and the importance that Italians attribute to their food products and traditions through a cluster analysis approach

Global Start-ups and Born global Spin-offs: A Multiple Case study

The paper aims to identify and analyze the major critical success factors at the base of the rapid internationalization of three different types of Born Global (BG) firms, namely start-up, academic spin-off and company spin-off. Based on a case study analysis, the findings show that the entrepreneurs’ dynamic capabilities, their passion and propensity to take risks, previous international experiences, language skills, the presence of an experienced staff, the ability to nurture relationships and networks based on mutual trust and on the transfer of know-how represent the major key factors for internationalization. This study intends to strengthen the literature focused on the BG phenomenon. However, the empirical analysis was conducted on an exiguous number of enterprises, operating in the high-tech sectors and founded few years ago. In order to obtain more generalizable results, future research should also focus on companies active in the low-tech sectors and founded in less recent years

Прийняття рішень в складних системах

This article describes methods of decision-making in complex systems - fuzzy mathematicalprogramming methods, implemented in the man - machine decision-making procedures with theuse of the decisions support systems (DSS)В данной статье рассмотрены методы принятия решений в сложных системах – методы нечеткого математического программирования, реализуемые в человеко–машинных процедурах принятия решений с применением систем поддержки принятия решений (СППР)В даній статті розглянуто методи прийняття рішень в складних системах – методи нечіткого математичного програмування, що реалізуються в людино – машинних процедурах прийняття рішень із застосуванням систем підтримки прийняття рішень (СППР