38 research outputs found
Widespread nasal carriage of Mycobacterium lepraeamong a healthy population in a hyperendemic region of northeastern Brazil.
A case-control study was conducted to determine the presence ofMycobacterium lepraeDNA in nasal secretions of leprosy cases and nonleprosy individuals in Fortaleza, Brazil. It included 185 cases identified by physicians at the Dona Libânia National Reference Centre for Sanitary Dermatology (CDERM). A control group (Co) (n = 136) was identified among individuals from CDERM not diagnosed as leprosy cases. To augment the spatial analysis of M. leprae specific repetitive element (RLEP) positive prevalence, an external group (EG) (n = 121), a convenience sample of healthy students, were included. Polymerase chain reaction for the RLEP sequence was conducted for all participants. Prevalence of RLEP positivity for cases and Co were 69.2% and 66.9%, respectively, significantly higher than for EG (28.1%), and reported elsewhere. Male sex, belonging to a lower socioeconomic status (D/E), history of a previous contact with a case and being older, were associated with being a leprosy case. Our geographical analysis demonstrated that the bacillus is widespread among the healthy population, with clusters of RLEP positive multibacillary cases concentrated in distinct areas of the city. Our results suggest that in endemic areas, as in Fortaleza, surveillance for both nonhousehold leprosy contacts and members of the general population living in cluster areas should be implemented
Colas à base de cianoacrilato como método auxiliar na cicatrização tecidual: uma revisão de literatura/ Cyanoacrylate-based glues as an auxiliary method in tissue healing: a literature review
Os adesivos a base de cianoacrilatos foram descobertos em 1949, e, cerca de dez anos depois, tiveram seu uso documentado em procedimentos cirĂşrgicos. Contudo, pouco ainda se sabe sobre o uso dessas no processo cicatricial em cavidade oral. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi revisar a literatura acerca do uso de adesivos a base de cianoacrilato na coaptação de feridas em comparação aos mĂ©todos tradicionais. Foi realizada uma busca bibliográfica, na qual foram selecionados artigos publicados no perĂodo de 2015 a 2020 nas bases de dados pubmed, no idioma inglĂŞs, utilizando os descritores: cyanyacrylate and healing and dentistry. Obteve-se um total de 36 artigos dentre os quais, apĂłs uma leitura crĂtica dos resumos e tĂtulos, 10 foram selecionados para compor o presente estudo. A análise dos artigos demostrou que os adesivos teciduais de cianoacrilato sĂŁo monĂ´meros lĂquidos que, em contato com a mucosa, criam um filme forte e flexĂvel. Na odontologia, os cianoacrilatos tĂŞm sido utilizados para sutura tecidual por apresentar vantagens como facilidade tĂ©cnica, diminuição no tempo cirĂşrgico e, por nĂŁo ser necessária a introdução de uma substância estranha no organismo, diminui o tempo de recuperação da ferida. Sendo assim seu uso evitado em áreas de alta tensĂŁo. Em conclusĂŁo, estudos in vivo e clĂnicos demonstraram nos Ăşltimos anos resultados convincentes em relação Ă segurança, eficácia, e viabilidade de todos os tipos de adesivos de cianoacrilato usados em procedimentos intra e extraorais
Esforços Governamentais Alavancam Combate Efetivo à Dengue no Brasil
Dengue has evolved from a disease restricted to a few countries into a serious global public health issue, affecting over 120 countries in recent years. In Brazil, after its reintroduction in 1981, the country has faced several epidemics, with over 16 million cases registered to date. In 2023, under the influence of the El Niño climatic phenomenon, one of the largest epidemics occurred in the country, with over 1.6 million cases reported. High temperatures and precipitation in line with the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes of the dengue virus increased the risk of disease spread in 2024, especially in populations without immunity to some of the serotypes. In such a scenario, the Ministry of Health undertook various actions to address the situation, including the establishment of a National Arbovirus Situation Room and an Emergency Operations Commitee, financial support to assist states and municipalities in contingency actions for disease surveillance and prevention, with an emphasis on combating arboviruses, and investments in innovations for dengue control, such as vaccination and the Wolbachia method. However, the number of notified dengue cases in the first trimester of 2024 supplanted the whole year of 2023, highlighting the need for a more effective monitoring of the epidemiological situation for early outbreak detection and the preparation of health services for the care of cases with signs of severity. After more than 40 years of recurrent dengue epidemics, the effective control of dengue requires sustained preventive actions using innovative strategies, with coordinated efforts at all levels of health management, along with active participation of the population. Structural actions to improve basic sanitation coverage and to mitigate the effects of climate change are critical conditions for reducing the burden of dengue in the population.A dengue evoluiu de uma doença restrita a alguns paĂses para um grave problema global de saĂşde pĂşblica, atingindo mais de 120 paĂses nos Ăşltimos anos. No Brasil, apĂłs sua reintrodução em 1981, o paĂs enfrentou diversas epidemias, com mais de 16 milhões de casos registrados atĂ© o momento. Em 2023, sob a vigĂŞncia do fenĂ´meno climático El Niño registrou-se uma das maiores epidemias de dengue no paĂs, com mais de 1,6 milhões de casos notificados. Temperaturas e pluviosidade mais elevadas em conjunto com a circulação simultânea dos quatro sorotipos do vĂrus da dengue aumentaram ainda mais o risco de disseminação da doença em 2024, especialmente em populações sem imunidade para alguns dos sorotipos. Diante deste quadro, o MinistĂ©rio da SaĂşde promoveu várias ações para enfrentar a situação, incluindo a instalação de uma Sala Nacional de Arboviroses e um ComitĂŞ de Operações de EmergĂŞncia, repasses financeiros para apoiar estados e municĂpios em ações contingenciais de vigilância e prevenção de doenças, com ĂŞnfase no enfrentamento das arboviroses e investimentos em inovações para o controle da dengue, como vacinação e o mĂ©todo Wolbachia. Ainda assim, o primeiro trimestre de 2024 registrou um nĂşmero de casos suspeitos de dengue superior ao de 2023, destacando a necessidade de aprimoramentos no monitoramento da situação epidemiolĂłgica para detecção precoce de epidemias e da preparação dos serviços de saĂşde para o cuidado dos casos com sinais de gravidade. ApĂłs mais de 40 anos de epidemias recorrentes, o controle efetivo da dengue no paĂs requer ações sustentadas de prevenção por meio de estratĂ©gias inovadoras, envolvendo esforços coordenados de todas as esferas da gestĂŁo em saĂşde, juntamente com a participação ativa da população. Ações estruturais para a melhoria na cobertura de saneamento básico e para mitigação dos efeitos das mudanças clim
SaĂşde e qualidade de vida de professores do ensino superior pĂłs-perĂodo crĂtico da pandemia da COVID-19
Em 2019 surgiu em Wuhan, na RepĂşblica Popular Chinesa um surto de infecção ocasionado pelo SARS-CoV-2. Em março de 2020, a Organização Mundial de SaĂşde (OMS), declarava estado de emergĂŞncia na saĂşde pĂşblica mundial. Com a emergĂŞncia na saĂşde pĂşblica, diversos seguimentos necessitaram passar por mudanças e inovações para seguir o seu funcionamento, o que nĂŁo foi diferente para os professores. O objetivo deste estudo Ă© analisar a saĂşde e qualidade de vida de professores do ensino superior durante a pandemia da Covid-19 em função das implicações de modificação de vida causada pelas mudanças de hábitos diários. Como instrumento de pesquisa será utilizado o questionário VersĂŁo Brasileira do questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36. Como resultado da pesquisa, Ă© possĂvel que o perĂodo pandĂŞmico tenha afetado mais o pĂşblico feminino em relação ao pĂşblico masculino e indivĂduos portadores de Doenças CrĂ´nicas ou agravo na saĂşde apresentaram piores escores
NĂvel de atividade fĂsica, comportamento sedentário e qualidade de vida de atiradores do tiro de guerra 07-010 de MossorĂł-RN: um estudo de caso
A prática de atividade fĂsica proporciona diversos benefĂcios Ă saĂşde geral do indivĂduo impactando diretamente em sua qualidade de vida. A presenta pesquisa objetiva avaliar os nĂveis de atividade fĂsica, comportamento sedentário e qualidade de vida dos atiradores da turma do ano de 2021 do Tiro de Guerra 07-010 da cidade de MossorĂł-RN. A coleta de dados foi feita no TG onde foram enviados simultaneamente via aplicativo de mensagens instantâneas o questionário IPAQ e questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36 em formatos eletrĂ´nicos via Google Forms. Os resultados demonstraram uma amostra de 93 voluntários do sexo masculino, com idades de 18-25 anos, com nĂvel de atividade fĂsica de 90,3% muito ativos, 7,5% ativos e 2,2% sĂŁo irregularmente ativos tipo B. O resultado para qualidade de vida (SF-36) demonstrou uma mĂ©dia geral de 68,43 ± 23,28 pontos. A Capacidade Funcional destaca-se com o melhor resultado (90,43 ± 12,97), e os domĂnios Vitalidade (55 ± 20,77) e Aspectos Emocionais (57 ± 40,10) apresentaram piores resultados. Os Atiradores classificaram-se como uma população Muito Ativa, demonstrando alto Ăndice de prática de atividade vigorosa e um comportamento sedentário relativamente baixo, influenciando positivamente na qualidade de vida dos indivĂduos estudados
The role of data in transformations to sustainability : a critical research agenda
This article investigates the role of digital technologies and data innovations, such as big data and citizen-generated data, to enable transformations to sustainability. We reviewed recent literature in this area and identified that the most prevailing assumption of work is related to the capacity of data to inform decision-making and support transformations. However, there is a lack of critical investigation on the concrete pathways for this to happen. We present a framework that identifies scales and potential pathways on how data generation, circulation and usage can enable transformations to sustainability. This framework expands the perspective on the role and functions of data, and it is used to outline a critical research agenda for future work that fully considers the socio-cultural contexts and practices through which data may effectively support transformative pathways to sustainable development
THYROID CANCER: CLINICAL EVALUATION, ENDOCRINOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
Thyroid cancer is more common in women and people over 40, but it can affect anyone. There are different types of thyroid cancer, the most common being differentiated carcinomas (papillary and follicular), which have a good prognosis and respond well to treatment. The clinical evaluation of thyroid cancer involves taking anamnesis, physical examination, measuring thyroid hormones and performing imaging tests and biopsy. The main symptom of thyroid cancer is the appearance of a nodule in the cervical region, which may be palpable or visible. The main surgical modalities are total thyroidectomy, which consists of complete removal of the thyroid gland; partial thyroidectomy or lobectomy, which consists of removing only part of the gland; and lymphadenectomy, which consists of removing lymph nodes affected by cancer. Objective: to synthesize the scientific evidence available on clinical assessment, endocrinological manifestations and surgical management in thyroid cancer. Methodology: based on the PRISMA checklist, the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were consulted to identify relevant studies published in the last 10 years. The descriptors used were: “thyroid cancer”, “thyroid neoplasm”, “clinical evaluation”, “surgical management” and “endocrinological manifestations”. Original studies in English or Portuguese that addressed the clinical, endocrinological or surgical aspects of thyroid cancer in humans were included. Studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, were duplicates, had low methodological quality or did not have access to the full text were excluded. Results: 18 studies were selected, which revealed that thyroid cancer is a disease that presents different clinical, endocrinological and surgical aspects, depending on the type, stage and response to treatment. The studies analyzed provided evidence on diagnostic methods, indications and surgical techniques, the efficacy and safety of radioactive iodine therapy, and the role of suppressive hormone therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer. Conclusion: Thyroid cancer is a heterogeneous disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach for its diagnosis and treatment. The systematic review showed that there is consistent evidence on diagnostic methods, surgical modalities and radioactive iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer. However, there are gaps in knowledge about the endocrinological manifestations of thyroid cancer and therapeutic alternatives for more complex or aggressive cases. Therefore, more studies are needed to clarify these aspects and improve the clinical management of patients with thyroid cancer.Thyroid cancer is more common in women and people over 40, but it can affect anyone. There are different types of thyroid cancer, the most common being differentiated carcinomas (papillary and follicular), which have a good prognosis and respond well to treatment. The clinical evaluation of thyroid cancer involves taking anamnesis, physical examination, measuring thyroid hormones and performing imaging tests and biopsy. The main symptom of thyroid cancer is the appearance of a nodule in the cervical region, which may be palpable or visible. The main surgical modalities are total thyroidectomy, which consists of complete removal of the thyroid gland; partial thyroidectomy or lobectomy, which consists of removing only part of the gland; and lymphadenectomy, which consists of removing lymph nodes affected by cancer. Objective: to synthesize the scientific evidence available on clinical assessment, endocrinological manifestations and surgical management in thyroid cancer. Methodology: based on the PRISMA checklist, the PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were consulted to identify relevant studies published in the last 10 years. The descriptors used were: “thyroid cancer”, “thyroid neoplasm”, “clinical evaluation”, “surgical management” and “endocrinological manifestations”. Original studies in English or Portuguese that addressed the clinical, endocrinological or surgical aspects of thyroid cancer in humans were included. Studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, were duplicates, had low methodological quality or did not have access to the full text were excluded. Results: 18 studies were selected, which revealed that thyroid cancer is a disease that presents different clinical, endocrinological and surgical aspects, depending on the type, stage and response to treatment. The studies analyzed provided evidence on diagnostic methods, indications and surgical techniques, the efficacy and safety of radioactive iodine therapy, and the role of suppressive hormone therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer. Conclusion: Thyroid cancer is a heterogeneous disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach for its diagnosis and treatment. The systematic review showed that there is consistent evidence on diagnostic methods, surgical modalities and radioactive iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer. However, there are gaps in knowledge about the endocrinological manifestations of thyroid cancer and therapeutic alternatives for more complex or aggressive cases. Therefore, more studies are needed to clarify these aspects and improve the clinical management of patients with thyroid cancer
Widespread nasal carriage of Mycobacterium lepraeamong a healthy population in a hyperendemic region of northeastern Brazil
Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4
While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge
of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In
the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of
Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus
crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced
environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian
Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by
2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status,
much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio