Efectos secundarios del implante Etonogestrel en mujeres en edad fértil atendidas en el Subcentro de San Antonio, en el periodo de enero a octubre del 2014

Identificar los efectos secundarios del Implante de Etonogestrel, como método anticonceptivo seleccionado en mujeres en edad fértil atendidas en el Subcentro de San Antonio durante el periodo Enero a Octubre del 2014.En este estudio se identificaron los efectos secundarios del Implante Etonogestrel como método anticonceptivo en usuarias que acudieron a esta unidad, usado en más de 60 países del mundo y por más de 11 millones de mujeres, se buscó reconocer características sociodemográficas y establecer la influencia en la percepción de los efectos y comprobar si constituyen la principal causa para el retiro. Este es un estudio de revisión documentada, de campo, cualicuantitativo, retrospectivo y transversal, cuya muestra es de 112 usuarias que usan este dispositivo. Las características sociodemográficas, efectos secundarios se midieron mediante la revisión de documentos de la historia clínica, ya que no se hallaron los datos requeridos se procedió a las visitas domiciliarias a mujeres que se colocaron el implante utilizando una encuesta previamente validada, así también se aplicó una encuesta hacia los profesionales que laboran en la unidad. Para el plan de análisis se utilizó el paquete estadístico IBM SPSS Statistics versión 20. Entre los principales hallazgos encontramos que las usuarias entre 14 y 19 años corresponden al 50 % de la muestra, el estado civil corresponde a solteras 63 %, el 22% casadas, el 12.5 % unión libre; su escolaridad : 96% cuentan con estudios secundarios .Como efecto secundario frecuente tras el uso del implante se encuentran las irregularidades del ciclo menstrual, sangrado prolongado en un 63 %, 17 % cefalea, 13% aumento de peso y alteraciones en el estado emocional ; obteniendo como dato significativo la inasistencia a controles subsecuentes para evaluar su condición de salud. Reiterando que las características sociales de las pacientes no influye en la presencia de efectos secundarios.Licenciatur

Estrategias de City Marketing para fortalecer la imagen del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal del cantón Riobamba

El presente trabajo basó su desarrollo en la generación de estrategias de city marketing para fortalecer la imagen del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal del cantón Riobamba. Para el logro de dichas metas se utilizaron varios métodos investigativos, siendo de tipo cualitativo porque se describieron cada uno de los componentes sociales, económicos y productivos del Plan de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial de Riobamba para así generar un diagnostico que permitió conocer la situación actual de la ciudad, así también fue cuantitativa de acuerdo a los datos levantados con la aplicación de entrevistas a personalidades que se encuentran dentro de los sectores productivos, económicos, políticos y administrativos de la ciudad, con todos los elementos y la información levantada se utilizó una metodología analítica que permitió delimitar los factores prioritarios o de gran relevancia que tiene la ciudad. Con el resultado del diagnóstico situacional y las entrevistas, se delimitaron los atributos de la ciudad, existiendo potencial a un nivel educativo, cultural, turístico y de conectividad, definiendo así, cuatro productos denominados: “Riobamba, Turismo Ecológico y Natural”; “Riobamba, Ciudad Universitaria por Excelencia”; “Riobamba, Mágica y Cultural”; “Riobamba Conecta al Ecuador”, cada uno estructurado con su objetivo, presupuesto enfocados al aumento de estrategias de gestión y operatividad del GAD Municipal de la ciudad. Riobamba posee varios atributos, los cuales pueden ser explotados de una manera sostenible, pudiendo ser estas estrategias propuestas aplicadas por las autoridades competentes como una alternativa que permita la consolidación de la imagen de la ciudad de Riobamba a un nivel nacional e internacional.The present work based its development on the generation of city marketing strategies to strengthen the image of Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón Riobamba. To achieve these goals, several research methods were used, being of a qualitative nature because each of the social, economic and productive components of the Riobamba Developmnet and Land Management Plan were described in order to generate a diagnosis that made it possible to know the current situation of the city, likewise, was quantitative according to the data collected with the application of interviews and personalities that are within the productive, economic, political and administrative sectors of the city, with all the elements and information raised a methodology was used analytical that allowed to delimited the priority factors or of great importance that the city has. With the result of the situational diagnosis and the interviews, the attributes of the city were delimited, existing potential at an educational, cultural, tourist and connectivity level; thus defining four products denominated: “Riobamba,ecological and natural tourism” ; “Riobamba, university city par excellence”; “Riobamba , magical and cultural”, “Riobamba connects to Ecuador”, each one structured with its objective, and budget; focused on the increase of management and operational strategies of the GAD Municipal of the city. Riobamba has several attributes, which can be exploited in a sustainable way, these strategies can be applied proposals by the competent authorities as an alternative for the consolidation of the image of the city of Riobamba to a national and international level

Media and campaign effects on vote choice at national elections in Europe : a review of a multilingual research landscape

This article reviews the empirical research literature on campaign and media effects on vote choice at national elections in European countries for the post-World War II period. Particular efforts are undertaken to obtain a comprehensive picture by including publications in many different languages. With regard to the amount of research, but also the topics addressed, the survey reveals considerable differences between countries. Studies of campaign effects have focused on the temporal dynamics of campaigns, on the modes of campaign communications (such as personal contacts at the local level, advertising on TV and in the press or online social media) and on certain aspects of its content. Research on media effects has explored the role of partisan bias and certain topical categories of news (climate of opinion, issue and candidate coverage) as well as specific new media formats, notably televised candidate debates and vote advice applications (VAA). Overall, the review reveals that there is little in the way of an integrated and consolidated body of campaign and media effects research on national elections in Europe. While political communication research increasingly acknowledges the potential importance of news media and political parties’ electioneering for voting behaviour, there appears as of yet to be little convergence regarding approaches and research findings. Particularly striking is the degree to which research questions are guided by national institutional contexts

How Can the Health System Retain Women in HIV Treatment for a Lifetime? A Discrete Choice Experiment in Ethiopia and Mozambique

Introduction: Option B+, an approach that involves provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all HIV-infected pregnant women for life, is the preferred strategy for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Lifelong retention in care is essential to its success. We conducted a discrete choice experiment in Ethiopia and Mozambique to identify health system characteristics preferred by HIV-infected women to promote continuity of care. Methods: Women living with HIV and receiving care at hospitals in Oromia Region, Ethiopia and Zambézia Province, Mozambique were shown nine choice cards and asked to select one of two hypothetical health facilities, each with six varying characteristics related to the delivery of HIV services for long term treatment. Mixed logit models were used to estimate the influence of six health service attributes on choice of clinics. Results: 2,033 women participated in the study (response rate 97.8% in Ethiopia and 94.7% in Mozambique). Among the various attributes of structure and content of lifelong ART services, the most important attributes identified in both countries were respectful provider attitude and ability to obtain non-HIV health services during HIV-related visits. Availability of counseling support services was also a driver of choice. Facility type, i.e., hospital versus health center, was substantially less important. Conclusions: Efforts to enhance retention in HIV care and treatment for pregnant women should focus on promoting respectful care by providers and integrating access to non-HIV health services in the same visit, as well as continuing to strengthen counseling

Análisis del uso de ondas electromagnéticas en la irradiación del suelo para detectar y eliminar la presencia de nematodos

The plant-parasitic nematodes are responsible for heavy losses in agricultural production worldwide. This paper presents the analysis of an alternative control and detection of these microorganisms by use of electromagnetic waves. Was the experimental verification for the elimination, by the irradiation of magnetic field generated by an electromagnet fed by a pulsating variable current signal for various values of density of magnetic flux B. The mortality rate was observed at three values of magnetic flux density different to which resulted in a significant reduction in the number of nematodes against a sample control without radiation. For the detection of nematodes used algorithm of the finite-difference-domain (FDTD) weather led to a simulation in the MATLAB software, algorithm simulation allows to produce a certain incident wave that have contact with the micro-organism produces a variation in the amplitude of the radiated electric field wave which is reflected indicating the detection of the same two values of amplitude of incident wave was considered by checking the values of wave reflected for four micro-organisms with characteristics similar to the nematodes in different types of stadium.Los nematodos fitoparásitos son responsables de grandes pérdidas en la producción agrícola a nivel mundial. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de una alternativa de control y detección de estos microorganismos haciendo uso de ondas electromagnéticas. Se realizó la comprobación experimental para la eliminación, mediante la irradiación de campo magnético generado por un electroimán alimentado por una señal pulsante de corriente variable para obtener diferentes valores de densidad de flujo magnético B. La tasa de mortalidad fue observada a tres valores de densidad de flujo magnético diferentes a los cuales se obtuvo como resultado una importante reducción en el número de nematodos frente a una muestra testigo sin irradiación. Para la detección de nematodos se utilizó el algoritmo de las diferencias finitas en el dominio del tiempo (FDTD) llevado a simulación en el software MATLAB, el algoritmo a través de la simulación permite producir una determinada onda incidente que al tener contacto con el microorganismo genera una variación en la amplitud de la onda de campo eléctrico irradiada la cual es reflejada indicando la detección del mismo, se consideró dos valores de amplitud de onda incidente verificando los valores de onda reflejada para cuatro microorganismos con características similares a la de los nematodos en diferentes tipos de estadio

Efectos secundarios del implante etonogestrel en mujeres en edad fértil atendidas en el Subcentro de San Antonio, 2014

Introduction. The etonogestrel implant is a contraceptive method, offering users high contraceptive efficacy of 99% over a period of three years; It is safe, comfortable and accessible. Side effects described are: menstrual cycle irregularities, headache, nausea, weight gain; these being the reason for not continuing to use this contraceptive method. Objective. Identify the side effects of etonogestrel implant, used as selected contraception in women. Material and Methods. This is a study; documented review, field quality-quantitative, retrospective and cross. The sample is 112 users. A 60 users a validated survey was applied, as well as to professionals working in the unit, with the aim of identifying and counseling is provided regarding this device. For the analysis plan the IBM SPSS version 20 Conclusion.The characteristics of the users that were included in our study, no significant influence on the perception of side effects, can not identify the occurrence of effects such as: irregularities in the menstrual cycle, headache, weight gain, irritability, nausea and decreased libido, besides the importance of attention to subsequent checks where it is not being applied arises.Introducción. El Implante de Etonogestrel es un método anticonceptivo, que ofrece a las usuarias alta eficacia anticonceptiva del 99%, en un periodo de tres años; es seguro, cómodo y accesible. Los efectos secundarios que se describen son: irregularidades del ciclo menstrual, cefalea, náuseas, aumento de peso; siendo estos la razón para no continuar utilizando este método anticonceptivo. Objetivo. Identificar los efectos secundarios del Implante de Etonogestrel, usado como método anticonceptivo seleccionado en mujeres en edad fértil. Material y Método. Este es un estudio de; revisión documentada, de campo, cualicuantitativo, retrospectivo y transversal. La muestra es de 112 usuarias. A 60 usuarias se les aplico una encuesta validada, así como a los profesionales que laboran en la unidad, con la finalidad de identificar como se brinda la consejería respecto a este dispositivo. Conclusión. Las características de las usuarias que fueron incluidas en nuestro estudio, no influyen significativamente en la percepción de efectos secundarios, no se puede identificar que la aparición de los efectos como son: irregularidades en el ciclo menstrual, cefalea, aumento de peso, irritabilidad, náuseas y disminución del libido, además se plantea la importancia de la atención a controles subsecuentes en donde la misma no se está aplicando

How Can the Health System Retain Women in HIV Treatment for a Lifetime? A Discrete Choice Experiment in Ethiopia and Mozambique.

IntroductionOption B+, an approach that involves provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all HIV-infected pregnant women for life, is the preferred strategy for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV. Lifelong retention in care is essential to its success. We conducted a discrete choice experiment in Ethiopia and Mozambique to identify health system characteristics preferred by HIV-infected women to promote continuity of care.MethodsWomen living with HIV and receiving care at hospitals in Oromia Region, Ethiopia and Zambézia Province, Mozambique were shown nine choice cards and asked to select one of two hypothetical health facilities, each with six varying characteristics related to the delivery of HIV services for long term treatment. Mixed logit models were used to estimate the influence of six health service attributes on choice of clinics.Results2,033 women participated in the study (response rate 97.8% in Ethiopia and 94.7% in Mozambique). Among the various attributes of structure and content of lifelong ART services, the most important attributes identified in both countries were respectful provider attitude and ability to obtain non-HIV health services during HIV-related visits. Availability of counseling support services was also a driver of choice. Facility type, i.e., hospital versus health center, was substantially less important.ConclusionsEfforts to enhance retention in HIV care and treatment for pregnant women should focus on promoting respectful care by providers and integrating access to non-HIV health services in the same visit, as well as continuing to strengthen counseling

Characteristics of study population by country, Ethiopia and Mozambique, 2014.

<p>Characteristics of study population by country, Ethiopia and Mozambique, 2014.</p

Attributes and levels of health services used in discrete choice experiment.

<p>Attributes and levels of health services used in discrete choice experiment.</p

Results of mixed logit regression models.

<p>Results of mixed logit regression models.</p