Self-Published Books: Should Libraries Buy or Not?

Self-publishing has been around as long as books have existed. Before there were big publishing houses there were authors publishing their own works. Although there is now an abundance of publishers, a large number of self-published books are still being produced each year. There are currently publishers that only assist authors with self-publishing and the numbers are growing with the increase in formats of works, such as print books, e-books, audio books, zines (self-published magazines), etc. Self-published works can also be print-on-demand titles, and are sometimes referred to as vanity publications. There is some belief out there that self-published materials are of lower quality than books published by reputable publishers, that self-publishers have “never enjoyed stellar reputations, and were consistently on the sidelines of the publishing world.” (Dilevko & Dali, 2006, p. 209) Is this really the case? Is this stigma really deserved

Book Review: Ghost Stories of Old New Orleans

Review of the book Ghost Stories of Old New Orleans. deLavigne, Jean. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0807152911

Book Review: The Booklover\u27s Guide to New Orleans

Review of the book The Book Lover\u27s Guide to New Orleans, by Susan Larson. Baton Rouge, LA: LSU Press, 2013

Ordering E-Books From a Print Book Vendor

The University of Southern Mississippi began ordering e-books through its primary print book vendor, Midwest Library Service, in 2016. The demand to purchase e-books has steadily increased, and when the opportunity arose to save valuable staff time searching over several vendor sites for e-books and print books by consolidating the search interface, a change was made. There were multiple steps to set up this program; however, the time invested was worth it. While there were challenges along the way, the program is up and running, and there have been many benefits in addition to the staff time savings

SHORT COMMUNICATION Proximate cues governing egg sac discrimination and recognition in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Abstract. Female lycosids carry their egg sacs on their spinnerets until spiderlings emerge but spiders are occasionally found carrying shells, dirt, or other objects on their spinnerets, suggesting recognition errors can occur. We investigated some proximate cues that may influence egg sac recognition and discrimination in the wolf spider Pardosa milvina (Hentz 1844). We tested the ability of female P. milvina to discriminate among egg sacs based on size, texture, and contrast. We also tested the ability of P. milvina to discriminate between its own or a conspecific's egg sac, and the ability to discriminate between an egg sac that had just been removed and an egg sac that was removed seven days earlier. When given a choice, females significantly chose their own egg sac over plastic beads of equal mass, preferred large plastic beads equal in mass to an egg sac over small plastic beads, round over faceted beads, and showed a non-significant tendency to attach black rather than white beads of equal mass. When given a choice between two conspecific egg sacs, spiders more often rejected those that had been removed from the mother seven days earlier than those that had been freshly removed. Spiders were unable to recognize their own egg sacs versus a conspecific's. Although spiders recognize egg sacs from non-egg sacs based on mass, texture, and presumably odor when given the choice, acceptance of non-egg sacs was common when no real egg sac was available. Also, females would not reattach their own egg sac once an artificial one had been attached. Attachment of any object on the spinnerets apparently ceases searching or attachment behavior

Job retention vocational rehabilitation for employed people with inflammatory arthritis: adaptations to the WORKWELL trial due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

There are high levels of work disability, absenteeism (sick leave) and presenteeism (reduced productivity) amongst people with inflammatory arthritis. WORKWELL is a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial of job retention vocational rehabilitation for employed people with inflammatory arthritis. The trial tested the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the WORKWELL programme compared to the receipt of written self-help information only. Both arms continued to receive usual care. In March 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the WORKWELL trial paused to recruitment and intervention delivery. To successfully re-start, protocol amendments were rapidly submitted and changes to existing trial procedures were made. The WORKWELL protocol was adapted in response to both the practical issues likely faced by many clinical research studies active across NHS sites during the pandemic and additional trial-specific challenges. A key eligibility criterion for the trial required participants to be in paid work for at least 15 h per week. However, UK national lockdowns led to a substantial proportion of the workforce suddenly being furloughed or unable to work, and many people with arthritis taking immunosuppressive medications were asked to shield themselves. Thus, the number of eligible participants was reduced. Those continuing to work were harder to identify, as hospital clinics moved to remote delivery, and also to then screen, consent and treat, as the hospital research staff and clinical therapists were re-deployed. New recruitment and consent strategies were applied, and where sites had reduced capacity, responsibilities were absorbed by the trial management team. Remote intervention delivery and electronic data capture were also implemented. By rapidly adapting the WORKWELL protocol and procedures, the trial successfully reopened to recruitment in July 2020, only 4 months after the trial pause. We were able to achieve recruitment figures above the pre-COVID target and maintain a high retention rate. In addition, we found many of the protocol changes beneficial, as these streamlined trial procedures, thus improving efficiency. It is likely that many strategies implemented in response to the pandemic may become standard practice in future research within trials of a similar design and methodology. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03942783. Retrospectively registered on 08 May 2019. ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN61762297. Retrospectively registered on 13 May 2019

γ-Butyrobetaine Is A Proatherogenic Intermediate in Gut Microbial Metabolism of L-Carnitine to TMAO

L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, was recently reported to accelerate atherosclerosis via a metaorganismal pathway involving gut microbial trimethylamine (TMA) formation and host hepatic conversion into trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Herein, we show that following L-carnitine ingestion, γ-butyrobetaine (γBB) is produced as an intermediary metabolite by gut microbes at a site anatomically proximal to and at a rate ∼1,000-fold higher than the formation of TMA. Moreover, we show that γBB is the major gut microbial metabolite formed from dietary L-carnitine in mice, is converted into TMA and TMAO in a gut microbiota-dependent manner (like dietary L-carnitine), and accelerates atherosclerosis. Gut microbial composition and functional metabolic studies reveal that distinct taxa are associated with the production of γBB or TMA/TMAO from dietary L-carnitine. Moreover, despite their close structural similarity, chronic dietary exposure to L-carnitine or γBB promotes development of functionally distinct microbial communities optimized for the metabolism of L-carnitine or γBB, respectively

UNLV Libraries’ Peer Mentor Cohort: A Model for Successful Allyship and Support amongst Womxn Faculty

In 2020, 10 womxn from a variety of racial, ethnic, and professional backgrounds formed an unique support network for faculty librarians hired between June 2019-July 2020 at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Libraries (Fig 1 & 2 & Table 1). The group benefits from diverse voices and unique perspectives. We consist of early and mid-career academic librarian, newly relocated staff, womxn of color, and members of the LGBTQ+ community (Fig 2 & Table 1). Our group holds expertise across health sciences, sciences, social sciences, acquisitions, cataloging, data services, special collections, and scholarly communications. We span 7 departments and 4 divisions, adding a holistic view of organizational culture and structure as well as the tenure process. Our aim is to support each other through the tenure-track process and promote retention among group members

The Marine Viromes of Four Oceanic Regions

Viruses are the most common biological entities in the marine environment. There has not been a global survey of these viruses, and consequently, it is not known what types of viruses are in Earth's oceans or how they are distributed. Metagenomic analyses of 184 viral assemblages collected over a decade and representing 68 sites in four major oceanic regions showed that most of the viral sequences were not similar to those in the current databases. There was a distinct “marine-ness” quality to the viral assemblages. Global diversity was very high, presumably several hundred thousand of species, and regional richness varied on a North-South latitudinal gradient. The marine regions had different assemblages of viruses. Cyanophages and a newly discovered clade of single-stranded DNA phages dominated the Sargasso Sea sample, whereas prophage-like sequences were most common in the Arctic. However most viral species were found to be widespread. With a majority of shared species between oceanic regions, most of the differences between viral assemblages seemed to be explained by variation in the occurrence of the most common viral species and not by exclusion of different viral genomes. These results support the idea that viruses are widely dispersed and that local environmental conditions enrich for certain viral types through selective pressure

An Abundant Dysfunctional Apolipoprotein A1 in Human Atheroma

Recent studies have indicated that high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their major structural protein, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), recovered from human atheroma are dysfunctional and are extensively oxidized by myeloperoxidase (MPO). In vitro oxidation of either apoA1 or HDL particles by MPO impairs their cholesterol acceptor function. Here, using phage display affinity maturation, we developed a high-affinity monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes both apoA1 and HDL that have been modified by the MPO-H2O2-Cl− system. An oxindolyl alanine (2-OH-Trp) moiety at Trp72 of apoA1 is the immunogenic epitope. Mutagenesis studies confirmed a critical role for apoA1 Trp72 in MPO-mediated inhibition of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-dependent cholesterol acceptor activity of apoA1 in vitro and in vivo. ApoA1 containing a 2-OH-Trp72 group (oxTrp72-apoA1) is in low abundance within the circulation but accounts for 20% of the apoA1 in atherosclerosis-laden arteries. OxTrp72-apoA1 recovered from human atheroma or plasma is lipid poor, virtually devoid of cholesterol acceptor activity and demonstrated both a potent proinflammatory activity on endothelial cells and an impaired HDL biogenesis activity in vivo. Elevated oxTrp72-apoA1 levels in subjects presenting to a cardiology clinic (n = 627) were associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Circulating oxTrp72-apoA1 levels may serve as a way to monitor a proatherogenic process in the artery wall