Novel interface-selected waves and their influences on wave competitions

The topic of interface effects in wave propagation has attracted great attention due to their theoretical significance and practical importance. In this paper we study nonlinear oscillatory systems consisting of two media separated by an interface, and find a novel phenomenon: interface can select a type of waves (ISWs). Under certain well defined parameter condition, these waves propagate in two different media with same frequency and same wave number; the interface of two media is transparent to these waves. The frequency and wave number of these interface-selected waves (ISWs) are predicted explicitly. Varying parameters from this parameter set, the wave numbers of two domains become different, and the difference increases from zero continuously as the distance between the given parameters and this parameter set increases from zero. It is found that ISWs can play crucial roles in practical problems of wave competitions, e.g., ISWs can suppress spirals and antispirals

Baltic blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) and black soldier fly (Hermetia. illucens) combined with pea protein concentrate as protein sources in feed for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

A feeding trial was conducted for 9 weeks to test the growth performance, nutrient retention and digestibility in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in order to assess the potential of Baltic blue mussel meal (Mytilus edulis L) and black solider fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal as protein sources. The dietary treatments consisted of one control diet based on high quality fishmeal, one control diet based on pea protein concentrate for testing dietary palatability and two fishmeal-free experimental diets where approximately 20% of the crude protein from the fishmeal was replaced with the protein from either de-shelled blue mussel meal or larvae meal on a dry matter basis. These four experimental diets were randomly fed to quadruplicate groups of fish. Replacing the dietary fishmeal with mussel meal and larvae meal negatively affected feed intake, final body weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and nutrient retention of rainbow trout. The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crude protein, crude lipid, and essential amino acids was not affected by replacing the dietary fishmeal with mussel meal and fish fed mussel meal diet even displayed increased nutrients digestibility, compared with fish fed control diet. Replacing fishmeal with larvae meal did not affect the apparent digestibility coefficient of crude protein. In conclusion, the ADC values showed that both mussel meal and larvae meal could be regarded as promising protein sources for rainbow trout. However, the growth performance and nutrient retention were negatively affected by low feed intake. The absence of fishmeal and the high inclusion of pea protein concentrate in the diets resulted in the poor palatability and were considered the reasons of low feed intake. Therefore, inclusion of fishmeal or feed stimulants might be needed to increase feed palatability. Furthermore, the inclusion of pea protein should be adjusted to an appropriate level.En foderförsök genomfördes under 9 veckor för att testa tillväxtprestanda, näringsinnehåll och smältbarhet i regnbåge (Oncorhynchus mykiss) för att bedöma potentialen för Östersjö blå mussla (Mytilus Edulis) och amerikansk vapenfluga (Hermetia Illucens) som proteinkällor. Kostbehandlingarna bestod av en kontrollfoder baserad på fiskmjöl, en kontrollfoder baserad på ärtproteinkoncentrat för testning av smaklighet och två fiskmjölfria försöksfoder där cirka 20% av råproteinet från fiskmjölet ersattes med proteinet från skalad blå musslor eller larvmjöl, på torrsubstans basis. Dessa fyra försöksfoder matades slumpmässigt till fyrdubbla grupper av fisk. Byte av fiskmjöl med musslor och larvmjöl har negativt påverkat foderintag, slutlig kroppsvikt, specifik tillväxthastighet, foderomvandlingsförhållande och näringsinnehåll av regnbåge. Den uppenbara smältbarhetskoefficienten för råprotein, rå lipid och essentiella aminosyror påverkades inte av att ersätta fiskmjöl med blåmusslor och fisk matad med musselmjölfoder, även visat ökad näringsämnes smältbarhet jämfört med fisk matad kontrollfoder. Byte av fiskmjöl med larvsmjöl påverkar inte den uppenbara smältbarhetskoefficienten för råprotein. Sammanfattningsvis visade ADC-värdena att både blåmusslor och larvsmjöl kan betraktas som lovande proteinkällor för regnbåge. Växthastigheten och näringsinnehållet påverkades dock negativt av ett lågt foderintag. Frånvaron av fiskmjöl och den höga upptagningen av ärtproteinkoncentrat i foder resulterade i den dåliga smakligheten och ansågs orsakerna till lågt foderintag. Därför kan inkludering av fiskmjöl eller foderstimulerande medel behövas för att öka foder smaklighet till fisk. Dessutom bör införandet av ärtprotein justeras till en lämplig nivå

Metabolomic analysis of human oral cancer cells with adenylate kinase 2 or phosphorylate glycerol kinase 1 inhibition.

The purpose of this study was to use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with XCMS for a quantitative metabolomic analysis of UM1 and UM2 oral cancer cells after knockdown of metabolic enzyme adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) or phosphorylate glycerol kinase 1 (PGK1). UM1 and UM2 cells were initially transfected with AK2 siRNA, PGK1 siRNA or scrambled control siRNA, and then analyzed with LC-MS for metabolic profiles. XCMS analysis of the untargeted metabolomics data revealed a total of 3200-4700 metabolite features from the transfected UM1 or UM2 cancer cells and 369-585 significantly changed metabolites due to AK2 or PGK1 suppression. In addition, cluster analysis showed that a common group of metabolites were altered by AK2 knockdown or by PGK1 knockdown between the UM1 and UM2 cells. However, the set of significantly changed metabolites due to AK2 knockdown was found to be distinct from those significantly changed by PGK1 knockdown. Our study has demonstrated that LC-MS with XCMS is an efficient tool for metabolomic analysis of oral cancer cells, and knockdown of different genes results in distinct changes in metabolic phenotypes in oral cancer cells

Shape-Aware Fine-Grained Classification of Erythroid Cells

Fine-grained classification and counting of bone marrow erythroid cells are vital for evaluating the health status and formulating therapeutic schedules for leukemia or hematopathy. Due to the subtle visual differences between different types of erythroid cells, it is challenging to apply existing image-based deep learning models for fine-grained erythroid cell classification. Moreover, there is no large open-source datasets on erythroid cells to support the model training. In this paper, we introduce BMEC (Bone Morrow Erythroid Cells), the first large fine-grained image dataset of erythroid cells, to facilitate more deep learning research on erythroid cells. BMEC contains 5,666 images of individual erythroid cells, each of which is extracted from the bone marrow erythroid cell smears and professionally annotated to one of the four types of erythroid cells. To distinguish the erythroid cells, one key indicator is the cell shape which is closely related to the cell growth and maturation. Therefore, we design a novel shape-aware image classification network for fine-grained erythroid cell classification. The shape feature is extracted from the shape mask image and aggregated to the raw image feature with a shape attention module. With the shape-attended image feature, our network achieved superior classification performance (81.12\% top-1 accuracy) on the BMEC dataset comparing to the baseline methods. Ablation studies also demonstrate the effectiveness of incorporating the shape information for the fine-grained cell classification. To further verify the generalizability of our method, we tested our network on two additional public white blood cells (WBC) datasets and the results show our shape-aware method can generally outperform recent state-of-the-art works on classifying the WBC. The code and BMEC dataset can be found on https://github.com/wangye8899/BMEC

The Growth and N Retention of Two Annual Desert Plants Varied Under Different Nitrogen Deposition Rates

Nitrogen (N) partitioning between plant and soil pools is closely related to biomass accumulation and allocation, and is of great importance for quantifying the biomass dynamics and N fluxes of ecosystems, especially in low N-availability desert ecosystems. However, partitioning can differ among species even when growing in the same habitat. To better understand the variation of plant biomass allocation and N retention within ephemeral and annual species we studied the responses of MalcolmiaAfricana (an ephemeral) and Salsola affinis (an annual) to N addition, including plant growth, N retention by the plant and soil, and N lost to the environment using 15N (double-labeled 15NH415NO3 (5.16% abundance) added at 0, 0.8, 1.6, 3.2, and 6.4 g pot-1, equivalent to 0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 kg N ha-1) in a pot experiment. Higher N addition (N120) inhibited plant growth and biomass accumulation of the ephemeral but not the annual. In addition, the aboveground:belowground partitioning of N (the R:S ratio) of the ephemeral decreased with increasing N addition, but that of the annual increased. The N input corresponding to maximum biomass and 15N retention of the ephemeral was significantly less than that of the annual. The aboveground and belowground retention of N in the ephemeral were significantly less than those of the annual, except at low N rates. The average plant–soil system recovery of added 15N by the ephemeral was 70%, significantly higher than that of the annual with an average of 50%. Although the whole plant–soil 15N recovery of this desert ecosystem decreased with increasing N deposition, our results suggested that it may vary with species composition and community change under future climate and elevated N deposition

Macrophages Phenotype Regulated by IL-6 Are Associated with the Prognosis of Platinum-Resistant Serous Ovarian Cancer: Integrated Analysis of Clinical Trial and Omics

Background. The treatment of platinum-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer (PROC) is a clinical challenge and a hot topic. Tumor microenvironment (TME) as a key factor promoting ovarian cancer progression. Macrophage is a component of TME, and it has been reported that macrophage phenotype is related to the development of PROC. However, the mechanism underlying macrophage polarization and whether macrophage phenotype can be used as a prognostic indicator of PROC remains unclear. Methods. We used ESTIMATE to calculate the number of immune and stromal components in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The differential expression genes (DEGs) were analyzed via protein–protein interaction network, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) analysis to reveal major pathways of DEGs. CD80 was selected for survival analysis. IL-6 was selected for gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). A subsequent cohort study was performed to confirm the correlation of IL-6 expression with macrophage phenotype in peripheral blood and to explore the clinical utility of macrophage phenotype for the prognosis of PROC patients. Results. A total of 993 intersecting genes were identified as candidates for further survival analysis. Further analysis revealed that CD80 expression was positively correlated with the survival of HGSOC patients. The results of GO and KEGG analysis suggested that macrophage polarization could be regulated via chemokine pathway and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. GSEA showed that the genes were mainly enriched in IL-6-STAT-3. Correlation analysis for the proportion of tumor infiltration macrophages revealed that M2 was correlated with IL-6. The results of a cohort study demonstrated that the regulation of macrophage phenotype by IL-6 is bidirectional. The high M1% was a protective factor for progression-free survival. Conclusion. Thus, the macrophage phenotype is a prognostic indicator in PROC patients, possibly via a hyperactive IL-6-related pathway, providing an additional clue for the therapeutic intervention of PROC

Towards Semantic e-Science for Traditional Chinese Medicine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Recent advances in Web and information technologies with the increasing decentralization of organizational structures have resulted in massive amounts of information resources and domain-specific services in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The massive volume and diversity of information and services available have made it difficult to achieve seamless and interoperable e-Science for knowledge-intensive disciplines like TCM. Therefore, information integration and service coordination are two major challenges in e-Science for TCM. We still lack sophisticated approaches to integrate scientific data and services for TCM e-Science.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We present a comprehensive approach to build dynamic and extendable e-Science applications for knowledge-intensive disciplines like TCM based on semantic and knowledge-based techniques. The semantic e-Science infrastructure for TCM supports large-scale database integration and service coordination in a virtual organization. We use domain ontologies to integrate TCM database resources and services in a semantic cyberspace and deliver a semantically superior experience including browsing, searching, querying and knowledge discovering to users. We have developed a collection of semantic-based toolkits to facilitate TCM scientists and researchers in information sharing and collaborative research.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Semantic and knowledge-based techniques are suitable to knowledge-intensive disciplines like TCM. It's possible to build on-demand e-Science system for TCM based on existing semantic and knowledge-based techniques. The presented approach in the paper integrates heterogeneous distributed TCM databases and services, and provides scientists with semantically superior experience to support collaborative research in TCM discipline.</p

Global cropland nitrous oxide emissions in fallow period are comparable to growing-season emissions

This study was supported by the Youth Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (No. Y2023QC02), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42225102, 42301059, 32172129, 42207378), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1700801, 2022YFD2300400), Technology Research System-Green manure (Grant No. CARS-22-G-16).Peer reviewedPostprin