El capital humano y la empleabilidad de los egresados de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos

Plantea identificar, en base a la revisión de la literatura y la evidencia empírica, si existe relación entre el capital humano y la empleabilidad de las personas. Se recurrió a las teorías clásicas, a los datos de organismos reconocidos y a la información primaria. Los resultados demuestran que algunos indicadores del capital humano influyen más en la empleabilidad que otros

El capital humano y el capital relacional como factores de la empleabilidad de los egresados de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Administración de Negocios Internacionales de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos entre los años 2011 y 2012

Aborda el tema del capital humano entendido como los conocimientos y la experiencia que cada persona posee para desempeñar un trabajo lo cual influye en su grado de empleabilidad. Así también lo es el capital relacional, que viene a ser la colaboración de las personas allegadas con el fin de obtener un empleo. Describe el perfil laboral del egresado, comprueba que las capacitaciones para obtener nuevos conocimientos y los contactos en el puesto de trabajo son relevantes para los egresados en el manejo de su empleabilidad. Utiliza una muestra de 45 egresados de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Administración de Negocios Internacionales de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos para aplicar una encuesta. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran las hipótesis a excepción de una.Tesi

El trabajo remoto y el desempeño laboral en el marco del covid-19

Telecommuting allows employees to do work from home. In a COVID-19 pandemic context, telecommuting has become the main working mode in organizations. This fact represents a challenge for maintaining employee productivity, due to labor pressures and market uncertainty. Two main factors emerge from this analysis: the organization´s capacity to establish adequate communication systems, and the ability of the employee to manage his or her emotions under uncertainty.El teletrabajo busca que los trabajadores puedan realizar sus labores de forma remota. En un contexto de pandemia por la COVID-19, el teletrabajo se ha convertido en la principal modalidad para desarrollar las labores en las organizaciones; y esto representa un desafío para mantener la productividad de los trabajadores, debido a las presiones laborales y la incertidumbre en el mercado del trabajo. Dos factores importantes emergen en este análisis: la habilidad de las organizaciones en establecer sistemas de comunicación adecuados y la capacidad del trabajador de manejar sus emociones en entornos inciertos

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research