Információbiztonság az egészségügyben

Absztrakt Az orvos, az ápoló és a többi, gyógyítással foglalkozó szakember egyre több időt tölt a számítógép előtt, használja a háziorvosi, szakellátási vagy integrált kórházi rendszereket. A gyógyító-betegellátó munka során kezelt adatok nagyrészt a különleges adat kategóriába tartoznak, amelyek kezelésére szigorú szabályok vonatkoznak. A jogszabályok, rendeletek, szabályzatok és útmutatók dzsungelében nem könnyű eligazodni. Az ismerethiány azonban nem mentesít a felelősség alól. Jelen tanulmány a szakterülethez tartozó nemzetközi ajánlások, szabványok és jogszabályok legfontosabb tudnivalóit foglalja össze, majd az egészségügyi adatok biztonságos és jogszerű kezelésének megvalósításához ad hasznos gyakorlati tanácsokat. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(27), 1075–1080

General set approximation and its logical applications *

Abstract To approximate sets a number of theories have appeared for the last decades. Starting up from some general theoretical pre-conditions the authors give a set of minimum requirements for the lower and upper approximations and define general partial approximation spaces. Then, these spaces are applied in logical investigations. The main question is what happens in the semantics of the first-order logic when the approximations of sets as semantic values of predicate parameters are used instead of sets as their total interpretations. On the basis of defined partial interpretations, logical laws relying on the defined general set-theoretical framework of set approximation are investigated

Boundaries of membrane in P systems relying on multiset approximation spaces in language R

Membrane computing is an area within computer science which aims to develop a new computational model through the study of the characteristics of biological cells. It is a distributed and parallel computing model. Communication between regions through membranes, as well as membrane system and its environment, plays an important role in the process. Combination of P system with multiset approximation space leads to the abstract concept of ‘to be close enough to a membrane’. The designated goal is to perform calculations in this two-fold system by the help of language R. Some packages can perform calculations with multisets in R (such as ‘sets’ package), but they are more closely linked to fuzzy systems. In this paper a new program library in language R is initiated which had been created to encourage some fundamental calculations in membrane systems combined with multiset approximation spaces. Data structures and functions are illustrated by examples. Keywords: multiset approximation spaces, membrane computing, R languag

On the mappings of elliptic curves defined over ℚ into [0, 1

Let E be an elliptic curve defined over ℚ given by an affine Weierstrass equation of the form (1) E : y2 = x3 + ax + b (a, b ∈ ℤ, x, y ∈ ℚ). Reducing the elliptic curve (1) modulo a sufficiently large prime p, we obtain an elliptic curve Ẽp over double-struck F signp. Considering an infinite sequence of elliptic curves Ẽp, we map the point (x,y) of them into the unit square [0, 1)2 via the mapping (x, y) → (x/p, y/p). We prove that the obtained cumulative point set contains a point sequence aligning a line when E/ℚ has an integral point, and point sequences aligning lines of well defined number when E/ℚ has a rational point. In both cases, these lines contain infinitely many points being strictly monotone increasing or decreasing according to the L∞ norm, and these monotone point sequences converge to well defined points