Measuring complete band diagrams of non-ideal heterointerfaces by combining ellipsometry and photoemission spectroscopy

In this work, we show that spectroscopic ellipsometry can be combined with photoemission spectroscopy to obtain complete interface band diagrams of non-ideal semiconductor heterointerfaces, such as interfaces between thin-film polycrystalline materials. The non-destructive ellipsometry measurement probes the near-interface band gap of the two semiconductors (including the buried semiconductor) after the interface has formed. This is important in the non-ideal case where chemical processes during interface growth modify the electronic properties of the two separated surfaces. Knowledge of near-interface band gaps improves accuracy in conduction band offset measurements of non-ideal interfaces, and it sheds light on their device physics. Both of those positive outcomes are demonstrated in the Cu$_2$ZnSnS$_4$/CdS interface used here as a case study, where the band gap of both materials decreases by up to 200 meV from the bulk to the near-interface region. This finding reveals a preferential electron-hole recombination channel near the interface, and it yields corrected values for the interfacial conduction band offset

¿Está la calidad de las carreras asociada a la universidad que la imparte? El caso de Nutrición y Dietética en Chile

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine if among the factors that most influence the quality of careers in Nutrition and Dietetics, represented by the time of accreditation, is the quality of the university.Materials and Methods: A transversal, descriptive and associative study was realized.  Researchers worked with official sources obtained from the Ministry of Education, about Nutrition and Dietetics degrees available from Chilean universities that went through the accreditation process between 2004 and 2016.  Purposeful sampling was used, taking into account 20 accredited programs. Multivariate statistical analysis were carried out, such as multiple regression and cluster analysis; multiple regression was used to estimate what variables explain accreditation time for the careers and cluster analysis was used to demonstrate the affinity among Nutrition and Dietetics careers offered by different universities. SPSS Statistics 24.0 was used.Results: There is a positive association between the years of accreditation granted to Nutrition and Dietetic programs and to universities; economic and selectivity variables have no statistical significance. Careers show an affinity pattern according to the type of university that offers them; this is also related to quality.Conclusions: University accreditation is a critical factor for quality assurance of Nutrition and Dietetics careers.Introducción: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si entre los factores que más influyen en la calidad de las carreras en Nutrición y Dietética, representada por el tiempo de acreditación, está la calidad de la universidad. Material y métodos: El estudio fue transversal, descriptivo y asociativo. Se usaron fuentes oficiales del Ministerio de Educación de las universidades que ofertan la carrera de Nutrición y Dietética en Chile y que se presentaron a acreditación entre los años 2004-2016. Se usó una muestra intencionada de 20 carreras acreditadas. Se usaron análisis estadísticos multivariados: regresión lineal, múltiple y análisis de conglomerados; la regresión lineal múltiple para estimar cuales variables explican el tiempo de acreditación de las carreras de Nutrición y Dietética y el análisis de conglomerado para evidenciar la afinidad de carreras de Nutrición y Dietética dictadas por distintos tipos de universidades. Se aplicó el software estadístico SPSS 24.0  Resultados: Los años de acreditación de las carreras y de las universidades se asociaron positivamente, sin que variables económicas y de selectividad de las carreras sean estadísticamente significativas. Las carreras mostraron un patrón de afinidad según el tipo de universidad que las imparte y ello estuvo también relacionado con la calidad.Conclusiones: La acreditación de la universidad es un factor crítico para el aseguramiento de la calidad de las carreras de Nutrición y Dietética

Enfrentamiento terapéutico del trastorno por déficit atencional en una población infantil escolar perteneciente a la Región Metropolitana de Chile

Indexación: ScieloAn evaluation was made of a retrospective evolution presented by the patients from to 14 years and 11 month old (average 9,2 years old), with a diagnostic of attentional hyperactive disorder (AHD), treated with metilfenidate in Huechuraba during the year 2007. A revision of every clinic history showed the principal results: a high positive response (higher than the 76% of the measured parameters). The evaluated parameters were, academic response, self report of subjective opinion from the patient, opinion from the tutor of the child in relationships with his/her conduct at home and teacher's evaluations of the child conduct at school. No differences were found between the evolution of the clinic parameters, in children with and without comorbilities. It was found a 52, 7% of comorbility. Specific learning disease, adaptative disorder, anxious disorder, and depression were more frequent diagnoses. This study concludes that the high percent of success in the treatment of the student group is similar to the one found in literature. The presence of comorbility won't cause to down of the treatment efficiency. This is conditioned by the presence of psychosocial factors like maternal psychopathology and familiar violence.Se realizó una evaluación restrospectiva de la evolución presentada por los pacientes desde 6 a 14 años 11 meses de edad (edad media de 9,2 años) con diagnóstico de Trastorno por déficit atencional (TDA) bajo tratamiento con metilfenidato en la comuna de Huechuraba durante el año 2007. Se hizo la revisión y el análisis de cada ficha clínica, encontrándose como principales resultados el alto porcentaje de mejoría, igual o mayor al 76% de los parámetros medidos, consistentes en evolución del rendimiento académico; autoreporte de sensación subjetiva del niño; reporte del cuidador principal en relación a la conducta del niño (a) en el hogar y evaluación del profesor en cuanto su conducta en el colegio. No se encontraron diferencias entre la evolución de los parámetros clínicos entre los niños con comorbilidad y sin comorbilidad, se encontró un 52,7% de esta, siendo los diagnósticos más frecuentes Trastorno específico del aprendizaje, trastorno adaptativo, trastorno ansioso y del ánimo. Se concluye que el alto porcentaje de éxito del tratamiento en el grupo estudiado es similar al encontrado en la literatura; que la presencia de comorbilidad no condiciona la disminución de la eficiencia del tratamiento y que esta es condicionada por presencia de factores psicosociales como psicopatología materna y violencia intrafamiliar.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-92272009000100005&nrm=is

Association between superior semicircular canal dehiscence and other dehiscences in temporal bone

Background: The study of the association between superior semicircular canal and other dehiscences in the temporal bone.Materials and methods: We have studied computed tomography of radiologically diagnosed people with superior or posterior semicircular canal dehiscences, in four health centres. In addition, we have studied one isolated human temporal bone, one skull and one cadaver head belonging to the collection of the Department of Human Anatomy and Histology of the University of Zaragoza that had dehiscence in the superior semicircular canal.Results: The most frequent association that we observed was between superior semicircular canal dehiscence and tegmen tympani dehiscence (37.33%). Three cases (two clinical cases and one isolated temporal bone) showed multiple associated dehiscences (tegmen tympani, mastoid antrum, posterior semicircular canal, internal auditory canal, glenoid cavity, tympanum bone and geniculate ganglion) associated with superior semicircular canal dehiscence.Conclusions: When the superior semicircular canal dehiscence is associated to other in the petrous bone (tegmen tympani, mastoid antrum, posterior semicircular canal, internal auditory canal) could be grouped into the same syndrome called “otic capsule syndrome”, since they have the same origin and common aetiology(otic capsule)

Anatomical study between the correlation of the arcuate eminence and the superior semicircular canal

Objective To study the anatomical correlation between the arcuate eminence and the superior semicircular canal. Material and methods A study of the height of the arcuate eminence was carried out in 295 temporal bones. In addition, 30 temporals with different heights of the arcuate eminence (10 flat, 10 prominent and 10 very prominent) were randomly selected and radiological tests were performed by computed tomography (Pöschl projection) and subsequent dissection by milling until the apex of the superior semicircular canal was found, establishing, with both methods, the anatomical relationship with the arcuate eminence. Results The arcuate eminence was classified as: smooth, when there was no relief (1.7%); flat, measured less than 1 mm (20.3%), prominent, measured between 1 and 2 mm, in (62%), and very prominent, measured above 2 mm (12.6%). The tomographic study (CT) and its subsequent dissection by bone milling showed a direct relationship between the arcuate eminence and the semicircular canal only when it was flat, while the rest of the types corresponded to the presence of pneumatized peri-labyrinthine cells and/or cancellous bone without a direct anatomical relationship with the apex of the superior semicircular canal. Conclusion The correlation between the arcuate eminence and the superior semicircular canal is direct only when it is flat (1 mm), being related to peri-labyrinthine cells and/or cancellous bone when the arcuate eminence is prominent or very prominent

¿Qué determina la calidad del nutricionista en Chile?

VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Nutrición. ¿Nutrición basada en la videncia o en la evidencia

Effect of maize, rumen-protected fat and whey permeate on energy utilisation and milk fat composition in lactating goats

The efficiency of utilisation of diets with different proportions of energy sources (starch, fat, lactose) was studied with three pairs of lactating Saanen goats; the animals were fed, in a Latin square design, 3 silage-based diets containing (on DM basis) the following energy sources: 32% maize meal (diet M); 4.7% rumen-protected fat (Megalac®) and 23.5% maize meal (diet F); 9.8% milk whey permeate powder and 22.3% maize meal (diet W). During each of the three experimental periods, 8 days of total collection balance trials were conducted during which goats were allocated for 72 h (three 24 h cycles) in open circuit respiration chambers to determine methane and heat production and, hence, the energy balance. Diet F, in comparison with diets M and W, significantly increased the milk fat content (4.13 vs 3.11 and 3.14%, P<0.001) and the 4%-FCM yield (3367 vs 2927 and 3055 g/d, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively), while no relevant changes were observed for milk protein content and yield. Energy digestibility was equal in diets F and W. Megalac® did not decrease fibre digestibility. The partition of the gross energy intake (EI) differed significantly between diets: diet M had lower DE (72.4 vs 74.3 and 74.3%; P<0.01) and ME (62.1 vs 64.7 and 63.5%; P<0.05) in comparison with diets F and W, respectively. Energy lost as methane was not significantly decreased by the inclusion of rumen- protected fat in the diet, although a trend for a reduction of methanogenesis was observed. Heat production deter- mined by treatment F was lower in comparison with the other treatments. This difference was almost significant (P=0.056) when expressed as a percentage of the ME. Milk energy output increased significantly (+12%, P<0.001) by including fat in the diet, as compared with treatments M and W: 21.4 vs 19.1 and 19.0% of the EI. The net ener- gy content of the protected fat was 27.94 MJ NEl/kg DM (+340% vs maize meal); its kl value resulted 0.77. The corresponding values for whey permeate were 7.76 MJ NEl/kg DM (-5% vs maize meal) and 0.50, respectively. Summarizing, the efficiency of energy utilization in diet M was significantly lower in comparison with the other two diets in terms of digestibility and metabolisability, while its NEl content was similar to that of diet W. On the other hand, diet F had a significantly higher ME (P<0.01) and NEl (P<0.05) as compared to the other two diets. Diet F greatly influenced the fatty acid composition of the milk fat with less short (-30%) and medium (-33%) chain fatty acids and more (+18%) long chain fatty acids. In conclusion, whey permeate and even more Megalac® can be suc- cessfully used as feed ingredients in the diet of highly productive lactating goats, but the economical convenience of their utilisation must be evaluated based on the market values of feedstuffs

Association between superior semicircular canal dehiscence and other dehiscences in temporal bone

Background: The study of the association between superior semicircular canal and other dehiscences in the temporal bone. Materials and methods: We have studied computed tomography of radiologically diagnosed people with superior or posterior semicircular canal dehiscences, in four health centres. In addition, we have studied one isolated human temporal bone, one skull and one cadaver head belonging to the collection of the Department of Human Anatomy and Histology of the University of Zaragoza that had dehiscence in the superior semicircular canal. Results: The most frequent association that we observed was between superior semicircular canal dehiscence and tegmen tympani dehiscence (37.33%). Three cases (two clinical cases and one isolated temporal bone) showed multiple associated dehiscences (tegmen tympani, mastoid antrum, posterior semicircular canal, internal auditory canal, glenoid cavity, tympanum bone and geniculate ganglion) associated with superior semicircular canal dehiscence Conclusions: When the superior semicircular canal dehiscence is associated to other in the petrous bone (tegmen tympani, mastoid antrum, posterior semicircular canal, internal auditory canal) could be grouped into the same syndrome called "otic capsule syndrome", since they have the same origin and common aetiology (otic capsule)

Comparison of Faecal versus Rumen Inocula for the Estimation of NDF Digestibility

Cow faeces have been investigated as alternative inoculum to replace rumen fluid to determine neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility (NDFD). Aims of this study were to estimate: (1) the NDFD (48 h) of feed ingredients using a rumen inoculum in comparison with faecal inocula from cows fed diets with different forage basis; (2) the undigestible NDF (uNDF) at 240 and 360 h with ruminal fluid and faecal inocula from lactating cows fed two different diets. At 48 h incubation, the NDFD was affected both by feed and type of inoculum (p &lt; 0.01) and by their interaction (p = 0.03). Overall, the mean NDFD was higher for rumen inoculum than for faecal inocula (585 vs. 389 g/kg NDF, p &lt; 0.05), and faecal inoculum obtained from cows fed hay-based diets gave lower NDFD than those from cows fed maize silage (367 vs. 440 g/kg, p &lt; 0.05). At long incubation times, the average uNDF was affected by substrate, inoculum and incubation time (p &lt; 0.01), but not by their interactions. For each inoculum, significantly lower values were obtained at 360 than at 240 h. Regressions between uNDF with rumen and with the tested faecal inocula resulted in r2 65 0.98. Despite the differences at 48 h, the uNDF showed that faecal inoculum could replace rumen fluid at longer incubation times

Incidencia de la metodología informática en las prácticas de la asignatura de técnicas instrumentales. Análisis estadístico. II Parte

Realizamos un muestreo de las aguas de consumo público de la provincia de Valencia investigando la presencia de detergentes en dichas aguas por el método del azul de metileno, y lo relacionamos con determinados factores ambientales. La presencia de detergentes en las aguas de consumo público se detectó principalmente en municipios de la zona costera, con abastecimientos situados en terrenos vulnerables por porosidad, con industrias cercanas y vertederos de residuos sólidos y líquidos situados también sobre terrenos vulnerables, también se detectó en municipios de las zonas interior e intermedia. Aunque no crea todavía una problemática grave deben vigilarse adecuadamente, sobre todo las zonas industrializadas.Questions made in a poll ellaborated in Department of Chemical Physics about the practices of Instrumental Techniques subject have been analyzed by mean of statistical procedures. Cluster analysis, variables dependence inference and n way classification have been the methods principally used. The results found case the elimination of unnecessary questions allowing its optimization. Besides, it helps the correct interpretation of the poll results