Feasibility of several commercial membranes to recover valuable phenolic compounds from extracts of wet olive pomace through organic-solvent nanofiltration

[EN] Organic-solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has been applied to purify and fractionate the phenolic compounds present in wet olive pomace, which is the main by-product of olive mills. Nine commercial OSN membranes have been tested: DuraMem (R) 150, DuraMem (R) 300, DuraMem (R) 500, PuraMem (R) 600 (Evonik), NFS, NFX (Synder), oNF-1 and oNF-2 (Borsig) and NF270 (FilmTec). Their stability in ethanol/water 50:50 (v/v) and their effectiveness to treat a model solution of a solvent-based extract of wet olive pomace have been studied. To that end, a METcell cross-flow system (Evonik) has been utilized. DuraMem (R) 500, NFX and NF270 membranes displayed satisfactory values of permeate flux (10-100 L center dot h(-1)center dot m(-2)) compared to the other tested membranes. Measurements of the contact angle of the membranes after their conditioning and after the nanofiltration process allowed the comprehension of the interaction between the ethanol/water 50:50 (v/v) solution and the membrane. The solvent contact angle was also examined. AFM was employed to understand the modification of membrane morphology. To characterize the samples, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (and/or refractive index detector) was employed. The selected membranes exhibited low rejection values for the aimed phenolic compounds (less than 10 % for hydroxytyrosol) and high rejection (50-100 %) of the undesired compounds, such as sugars and organic acids. Therefore, the purification of the target phenolic compounds was accomplished.The authors would like to thank Laura Teruel Biosca for her technical support. Additionally, Electron Microscopy Service of the Polytechnic University of Valencia is gratefully acknowledged for help with AFM characterization. Funding. The grant CTM2017-88645-R was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe. Additionally, the grant PRE2018-08524 was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ESF Investing in your future.Sánchez-Arévalo, CM.; Croes, T.; Van Der Bruggen, B.; Vincent Vela, MC.; Alvarez Blanco, S. (2023). Feasibility of several commercial membranes to recover valuable phenolic compounds from extracts of wet olive pomace through organic-solvent nanofiltration. Separation and Purification Technology. 305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2022.12239630

PTPBR7 Binding Proteins in Myelinating Neurons of the Mouse Brain

Mouse protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPBR7 is a receptor-like, transmembrane protein that is localized on the surface of neuronal cells. Its protein phosphatase activity is reduced upon multimerization, and PTPBR7-deficient mice display motor coordination defects. Extracellular molecules that may influence PTPBR7 activity, however, remain to be determined. We here show that the PTPBR7 extracellular domain binds to highly myelinated regions in mouse brain, in particular the white matter tracks in cerebellum. PTPBR7 deficiency does not alter this binding pattern, as witnessed by RAP in situ staining of Ptprr-/- mouse brain sections. Additional in situ and in vitro experiments also suggest that sugar moieties of heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate glycosaminoglycans are not critical for PTPBR7 binding. Candidate binding proteins were affinity-purified exploiting the PTPBR7 extracellular domain and identified by mass spectrometric means. Results support the suggested link between PTPRR isoforms and cerebellar calcium ion homeostasis, and suggest an additional role in the process of cell-cell adhesion

High-global warming potential F-gas emissions in California: comparison of ambient-based versus inventory-based emission estimates, and implications of refined estimates.

To provide information for greenhouse gas reduction policies, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) inventories annual emissions of high-global-warming potential (GWP) fluorinated gases, the fastest growing sector of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. Baseline 2008 F-gas emissions estimates for selected chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-12), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC-22), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFC-134a) made with an inventory-based methodology were compared to emissions estimates made by ambient-based measurements. Significant discrepancies were found, with the inventory-based emissions methodology resulting in a systematic 42% under-estimation of CFC-12 emissions from older refrigeration equipment and older vehicles, and a systematic 114% overestimation of emissions for HFC-134a, a refrigerant substitute for phased-out CFCs. Initial, inventory-based estimates for all F-gas emissions had assumed that equipment is no longer in service once it reaches its average lifetime of use. Revised emission estimates using improved models for equipment age at end-of-life, inventories, and leak rates specific to California resulted in F-gas emissions estimates in closer agreement to ambient-based measurements. The discrepancies between inventory-based estimates and ambient-based measurements were reduced from -42% to -6% for CFC-12, and from +114% to +9% for HFC-134a

California’s methane super-emitters

Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas and is targeted for emissions mitigation by the US state of California and other jurisdictions worldwide. Unique opportunities for mitigation are presented by point-source emitters—surface features or infrastructure components that are typically less than 10 metres in diameter and emit plumes of highly concentrated methane. However, data on point-source emissions are sparse and typically lack sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to guide their mitigation and to accurately assess their magnitude4. Here we survey more than 272,000 infrastructure elements in California using an airborne imaging spectrometer that can rapidly map methane plumes. We conduct five campaigns over several months from 2016 to 2018, spanning the oil and gas, manure-management and waste-management sectors, resulting in the detection, geolocation and quantification of emissions from 564 strong methane point sources. Our remote sensing approach enables the rapid and repeated assessment of large areas at high spatial resolution for a poorly characterized population of methane emitters that often appear intermittently and stochastically. We estimate net methane point-source emissions in California to be 0.618 teragrams per year (95 per cent confidence interval 0.523–0.725), equivalent to 34–46 per cent of the state’s methane inventory for 2016. Methane ‘super-emitter’ activity occurs in every sector surveyed, with 10 per cent of point sources contributing roughly 60 per cent of point-source emissions—consistent with a study of the US Four Corners region that had a different sectoral mix. The largest methane emitters in California are a subset of landfills, which exhibit persistent anomalous activity. Methane point-source emissions in California are dominated by landfills (41 per cent), followed by dairies (26 per cent) and the oil and gas sector (26 per cent). Our data have enabled the identification of the 0.2 per cent of California’s infrastructure that is responsible for these emissions. Sharing these data with collaborating infrastructure operators has led to the mitigation of anomalous methane-emission activity

PTPBR7 Binding Proteins in Myelinating Neurons of the Mouse Brain

Abstract Mouse protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPBR7 is a receptor-like, transmembrane protein that is localized on the surface of neuronal cells. Its protein phosphatase activity is reduced upon multimerization, and PTPBR7-deficient mice display motor coordination defects. Extracellular molecules that may influence PTPBR7 activity, however, remain to be determined. We here show that the PTPBR7 extracellular domain binds to highly myelinated regions in mouse brain, in particular the white matter tracks in cerebellum. PTPBR7 deficiency does not alter this binding pattern, as witnessed by RAP in situ staining of Ptprr -/-mouse brain sections. Additional in situ and in vitro experiments also suggest that sugar moieties of heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate glycosaminoglycans are not critical for PTPBR7 binding. Candidate binding proteins were affinity-purified exploiting the PTPBR7 extracellular domain and identified by mass spectrometric means. Results support the suggested link between PTPRR isoforms and cerebellar calcium ion homeostasis, and suggest an additional role in the process of cell-cell adhesion

Environmental justice and PM2.5 concentrations using satellite remote sensing data in California

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