How dental students’ course experiences and satisfaction of their basic psychological needs influence passion for studying in Chile

Purpose: This study aimed to determine how the general course experiences of dental students in Chile and the satisfaction or frustration of their basic psychological needs influenced their passion for studying, and how passion influenced students’ study strategies. Methods: A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted at 3 Chilean dental schools between April and June 2018, in which 935 undergraduate students participated. Students responded to Spanish-language versions of 4 psychological scale tools: the Course Experience Questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfac¬tion and Frustration Scale, the Passion Scale, and the Revised Study Process Questionnaire. Data were analysed with bivariate correlations and structural equation modelling, controlling for age, gender, year of study, and type of university. Results: Students’ general course experiences (i.e., good teaching, clear goals and standards, appropriate assessment, and appropriate workload) positively predicted basic need satisfaction and negatively predicted need frustration. Need satisfaction positively predicted passion in students, with stronger scores for harmonious passion. Basic need frustration positively predicted obsessive passion and negatively predicted harmonious passion. Harmonious passion positively predicted deep study strategies and negatively predicted surface study strategies, while obsessive passion positively predicted both deep and surface study strategies. Conclusion: Dental students’ optimal course experiences positively influenced the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, which favoured harmonious over obsessive passion. In turn, harmonious over obsessive passion positively influenced deep study strategies. Therefore, efforts should be made to provide course experiences that support students’ basic needs and harmonious passion for studying, both in classroom and chair-side teaching

Stress-induced reduction of dorsal striatal D2 dopamine receptors prevents retention of a newly acquired adaptive coping strategy

The inability to learn an adaptive coping strategy in a novel stressful condition leads to dysfunctional stress coping, a marker of mental disturbances. This study tested the involvement of dorsal striatal dopamine receptors in the dysfunctional coping with the Forced Swim test fostered by a previous experience of reduced food availability. Adult male mice were submitted to a temporary (12 days) reduction of food availability [food-restricted (FR)] or continuously free-fed (FF). Different groups of FF and FR mice were used to evaluate: (1) dorsal striatal mRNA levels of the two isoforms of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2S, D2L). (2) Forced Swim-induced c-fos expression in the dorsal striatum; (3) acquisition and 24 h retention of passive coping with Forced Swim. Additional groups of FF mice were tested for 24 h retention of passive coping acquired during a first experience with Forced Swim immediately followed by intra-striatal infusion of vehicle or two doses of the dopamine D2/D3 receptors antagonist sulpiride or the D1/D5 receptors antagonist SCH23390. Previous restricted feeding selectively reduced mRNA levels of both D2 isoforms and abolished Forced Swim-induced c-fos expression in the left Dorsolateral Striatum and selectively prevented 24 h retention of the coping strategy acquired in a first experience of Forced Swim. Finally, temporary blockade of left Dorsolateral Striatum D2/D3 receptors immediately following the first Forced Swim experience selectively reproduced the behavioral effect of restricted feeding in FF mice. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that mice previously exposed to a temporary reduction of food availability show low striatal D2 receptors, a known marker of addiction-associated aberrant neuroplasticity, as well as liability to relapse into maladaptive stress coping strategies. Moreover, they offer strong support to a causal relationship between reduction of D2 receptors in the left Dorsolateral Striatum and impaired consolidation of newly acquired adaptive coping

Desarrollo de las cuatro motivaciones fundamentales de la existencia en la mujer y su contribución en el establecimiento del vínculo madre – hijo

Los vínculos, especialmente en las etapas tempranas de la vida tienen funciones de gran importancia. Muchos autores han profundizado este tema y nos han entregado aportes de incalculable riqueza. Pero siempre surgen nuevas preguntas e inquietudes, como en el caso de este trabajo, donde nos preguntamos desde la perspectiva Analítico- Existencial, si el desarrollo de las condiciones para alcanzar una vida plena en la mujer, contribuye para que logren establecer con sus hijos un vínculo que posibilite que éstos sientan que tienen espacio para vivir en este mundo, que su existencia es valiosa, que pueden “ser” según su propia originalidad y que su vida tiene una prospectiva. El presente trabajo tiene como propósito identificar, analizar y describir como se encuentran las cuatro Motivaciones Fundamentales de la Existencia en la mujer y el tipo de vínculo que cada una logra establecer con su hijo internado. Para ello se utilizan como herramientas: la Escala Existencial de Längle, Orgler y Kundi que evalúa la percepción personal de Plenitud Existencial y el Cuestionario de Roth, adaptación de Casullo, para evaluar los tipos de vínculo madre-hijo. El grupo de estudio seleccionado está compuesto por diez mujeres de entre 18 y 35 años de edad de condición socioeconómica baja, en situación de riesgo social, provenientes de varios Departamentos de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, con algún hijo/a internado/a por desnutrición, de moderada a severa, en el Centro de Recuperación Nutricional “Madre Teresa de Calcuta” Fundación CONIN, situado en el Departamento de Las Heras, Mendoza.Bonds between people have an enormous importance, especially in first stages of their lives. Many authors have contributed worth investigations about this fact. Particularly in this study, we set the following purpose: answer, from an Existential Analytical Perspective, if appropriate life conditions in women promote a better son’s development. In other words: if the son is able to feel that his own existence is worth and that his life has a foresight. The purpose of this study is to identify, analyze and describe how we can find the four Primary Reasons of Existence in women life and the kind of bond with her son in hospital. The tools we select to achieve the previous purpose are: Existential Scale of Längle, Orgler and Kundi and the Roth’s Questionnaire to evaluate de kind ok bond between mother and son. The sample is composed by women in low socio-economic condition; in a social risk situation; from different cities in Mendoza, Argentina; they are between eighteen and thirty five years old; and they have at least one son or daughter in the Nutritional Recovery Center "Mother Teresa of Calcutta", located in Las Heras, Mendoza and an important part of CONIN Foundation.Fil: Orsini, María Cristin

Péptidos antioxidantes derivados de la digestión gastrointestinal de proteínas de amaranto: una primera aproximación a la evaluación de su absorción intestinal y posterior actividad = Antioxidant peptides from gastrointestinal digestion of amaranth proteins: A first approach to the evaluation of the intestinal absorption and subsequent activity

Se evaluó la absorción intestinal de péptidos antioxidantes generados por digestión gastrointestinal simulada de proteínas de Amaranthus mantegazzianus. Digeridos gastrointestinales de aislado proteico (AD) y de hidrolizado con alcalasa (HD) fueron separados mediante FPLC de exclusión molecular en fracciones cuya actividad fue evaluada por los métodos ORAC y HORAC. Las fracciones más activas (0,7-1,8 kDa) fueron sometidas a ensayos de simulación de la absorción intestinal utilizando monocapas de células Caco-2/TC7 sobre insertos de poliéster (0,4 μm), colocando las muestras en la cámara apical (incubación 3 h, 37 ºC). Se analizó la concentración peptídica (método de Lowry), composición molecular (RP-HPLC) y actividad antioxidante (método ORAC) de las muestras iniciales, cámaras apical y basolateral. Ciertos péptidos fueron capaces de atravesar la monocapa celular, previa modificación en algunos casos. El potencial antioxidante de todas las cámaras apicales aumentó debido probablemente a la acción de las peptidasas del borde en cepillo. Las cámaras basolaterales presentaron aumento o disminución del potencial antioxidante respecto a las cámaras apicales, dependiendo del tipo de moléculas que atravesó en cada caso la monocapa celular. Los resultados sugieren una absorción intestinal potencial de componentes peptídicos antioxidantes de amaranto posibilitando su acción en tejidos blanco internos del organismo

Antioxidant peptides from gastrointestinal digestion of amaranth proteins: A first approach to the evaluation of the intestinal absorption and subsequent activity

Se evaluó la absorción intestinal de péptidos antioxidantes generados por digestión gastrointestinal simulada de proteínas de Amaranthus mantegazzianus. Digeridos gastrointestinales de aislado proteico (AD) y de hidrolizado con alcalasa (HD) fueron separados mediante FPLC de exclusión molecular en fracciones cuya actividad fue evaluada por los métodos ORAC y HORAC. Las fracciones más activas (0,7-1,8 kDa) fueron sometidas a ensayos de simulación de la absorción intestinal utilizando monocapas de células Caco-2/TC7 sobre insertos de poliéster (0,4 μm), colocando las muestras en la cámara apical (incubación 3 h, 37 °C). Se analizó la concentración peptídica (método de Lowry), composición molecular (RP-HPLC) y actividad antioxidante (método ORAC) de las muestras iniciales, cámaras apical y basolateral. Ciertos péptidos fueron capaces de atravesar la monocapa celular, previa modificación en algunos casos. El potencial antioxidante de todas las cámaras apicales aumentó debido probablemente a la acción de las peptidasas del borde en cepillo. Las cámaras basolaterales presentaron aumento o disminución del potencial antioxidante respecto a las cámaras apicales, dependiendo del tipo de moléculas que atravesó en cada caso la monocapa celular. Los resultados sugieren una absorción intestinal potencial de componentes peptídicos antioxidantes de amaranto posibilitando su acción en tejidos blanco internos del organismo.Intestinal absorption of antioxidant peptides from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of Amaranthus mantegazzianus proteins was evaluated. Gastrointestinal digests (AD and HD) were obtained from protein isolate (A) and its alcalase hydrolysate (H) and separated by molecular exclusion FPLC into fractions which activity was evaluated by the ORAC and HORAC methods. Active fractions (0,7-1,8 kDa) were submitted to intestinal absorption simulation using monolayers of Caco-2/TC7 cells on polyester inserts (0,4 μm). Samples were seeded in the apical compartment (incubation 3 h, 37 °C). Original, apical and basolateral samples were analysed for peptide concentration (Lowry method), molecular composition (RP-HPLC) and antioxidant activity (ORAC method). Some peptides were able to cross the cell monolayer, with previous modifications in some cases. The antioxidant potential of the apical compartments increased in all cases due probably to the action of the brush border peptidases. Basolateral compartments presented increments or reductions of the antioxidant potentials respect to the apical ones, depending on which molecules crossed the monolayer in each case. Results suggest a potential intestinal absorption of amaranth antioxidant peptides which would be able to act inside the organism.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Antioxidant peptides from gastrointestinal digestion of amaranth proteins: A first approach to the evaluation of the intestinal absorption and subsequent activity

Se evaluó la absorción intestinal de péptidos antioxidantes generados por digestión gastrointestinal simulada de proteínas de Amaranthus mantegazzianus. Digeridos gastrointestinales de aislado proteico (AD) y de hidrolizado con alcalasa (HD) fueron separados mediante FPLC de exclusión molecular en fracciones cuya actividad fue evaluada por los métodos ORAC y HORAC. Las fracciones más activas (0,7-1,8 kDa) fueron sometidas a ensayos de simulación de la absorción intestinal utilizando monocapas de células Caco-2/TC7 sobre insertos de poliéster (0,4 μm), colocando las muestras en la cámara apical (incubación 3 h, 37 °C). Se analizó la concentración peptídica (método de Lowry), composición molecular (RP-HPLC) y actividad antioxidante (método ORAC) de las muestras iniciales, cámaras apical y basolateral. Ciertos péptidos fueron capaces de atravesar la monocapa celular, previa modificación en algunos casos. El potencial antioxidante de todas las cámaras apicales aumentó debido probablemente a la acción de las peptidasas del borde en cepillo. Las cámaras basolaterales presentaron aumento o disminución del potencial antioxidante respecto a las cámaras apicales, dependiendo del tipo de moléculas que atravesó en cada caso la monocapa celular. Los resultados sugieren una absorción intestinal potencial de componentes peptídicos antioxidantes de amaranto posibilitando su acción en tejidos blanco internos del organismo.Intestinal absorption of antioxidant peptides from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of Amaranthus mantegazzianus proteins was evaluated. Gastrointestinal digests (AD and HD) were obtained from protein isolate (A) and its alcalase hydrolysate (H) and separated by molecular exclusion FPLC into fractions which activity was evaluated by the ORAC and HORAC methods. Active fractions (0,7-1,8 kDa) were submitted to intestinal absorption simulation using monolayers of Caco-2/TC7 cells on polyester inserts (0,4 μm). Samples were seeded in the apical compartment (incubation 3 h, 37 °C). Original, apical and basolateral samples were analysed for peptide concentration (Lowry method), molecular composition (RP-HPLC) and antioxidant activity (ORAC method). Some peptides were able to cross the cell monolayer, with previous modifications in some cases. The antioxidant potential of the apical compartments increased in all cases due probably to the action of the brush border peptidases. Basolateral compartments presented increments or reductions of the antioxidant potentials respect to the apical ones, depending on which molecules crossed the monolayer in each case. Results suggest a potential intestinal absorption of amaranth antioxidant peptides which would be able to act inside the organism.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Exploring teachers’ motivation to teach: A multisite study on the associations with the work climate, students’ motivation, and teaching approaches

Purpose: Using Self-determination Theory, the purpose was to determine whether work climate, students’ motivation, and teachers’ basic psychological needs could predict clinical teachers’ autonomous and controlled motivation to teach and whether clinical teachers’ motivations could predict student- and teacher-centered teaching approaches. Methods: A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 across 3 Dental Schools in Chile, in which 206 clinical teachers participated (80.4% response rate). Data were collected on demographic characteristics and 5 self-reported questionnaires measuring teachers’ perceptions of the work climate, students’ motivation, the satisfaction and frustration of their basic psychological needs, motivation to teach, and teaching approaches. Data were analyzed using bivariate correlations and structural equation modeling. Results: Alpha coefficients were acceptable (0.701-0.948). Correlation and structural equation modeling analyses showed that teachers’ perceiving a work climate characterized by a supportive supervisor-teacher relationship and students’ autonomous motivation, predicted the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs leading to autonomous motivation to teach. Autonomous motivation to teach, in turn, predicted a student-centered teaching approach. These results were controlled for the confounding effects of age, gender, teaching experience, and type of university. Conclusions: These results suggest that clinical teachers' optimal motivation is of paramount importance for promoting an adequate learning environment. Therefore, efforts should be made to understand and foster different aspects that promote clinical teachers' satisfaction of their basic psychological needs and autonomous motivation, especially regarding the role of teachers’ supervisors and how teachers perceive their students’ motivation

Antioxidant peptides from gastrointestinal digestion of amaranth proteins: A first approach to the evaluation of the intestinal absorption and subsequent activity

Se evaluó la absorción intestinal de péptidos antioxidantes generados por digestión gastrointestinal simulada de proteínas de Amaranthus mantegazzianus. Digeridos gastrointestinales de aislado proteico (AD) y de hidrolizado con alcalasa (HD) fueron separados mediante FPLC de exclusión molecular en fracciones cuya actividad fue evaluada por los métodos ORAC y HORAC. Las fracciones más activas (0,7-1,8 kDa) fueron sometidas a ensayos de simulación de la absorción intestinal utilizando monocapas de células Caco-2/TC7 sobre insertos de poliéster (0,4 μm), colocando las muestras en la cámara apical (incubación 3 h, 37 °C). Se analizó la concentración peptídica (método de Lowry), composición molecular (RP-HPLC) y actividad antioxidante (método ORAC) de las muestras iniciales, cámaras apical y basolateral. Ciertos péptidos fueron capaces de atravesar la monocapa celular, previa modificación en algunos casos. El potencial antioxidante de todas las cámaras apicales aumentó debido probablemente a la acción de las peptidasas del borde en cepillo. Las cámaras basolaterales presentaron aumento o disminución del potencial antioxidante respecto a las cámaras apicales, dependiendo del tipo de moléculas que atravesó en cada caso la monocapa celular. Los resultados sugieren una absorción intestinal potencial de componentes peptídicos antioxidantes de amaranto posibilitando su acción en tejidos blanco internos del organismo.Intestinal absorption of antioxidant peptides from simulated gastrointestinal digestion of Amaranthus mantegazzianus proteins was evaluated. Gastrointestinal digests (AD and HD) were obtained from protein isolate (A) and its alcalase hydrolysate (H) and separated by molecular exclusion FPLC into fractions which activity was evaluated by the ORAC and HORAC methods. Active fractions (0,7-1,8 kDa) were submitted to intestinal absorption simulation using monolayers of Caco-2/TC7 cells on polyester inserts (0,4 μm). Samples were seeded in the apical compartment (incubation 3 h, 37 °C). Original, apical and basolateral samples were analysed for peptide concentration (Lowry method), molecular composition (RP-HPLC) and antioxidant activity (ORAC method). Some peptides were able to cross the cell monolayer, with previous modifications in some cases. The antioxidant potential of the apical compartments increased in all cases due probably to the action of the brush border peptidases. Basolateral compartments presented increments or reductions of the antioxidant potentials respect to the apical ones, depending on which molecules crossed the monolayer in each case. Results suggest a potential intestinal absorption of amaranth antioxidant peptides which would be able to act inside the organism.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimento

Stress-Induced Reduction of Dorsal Striatal D2 Dopamine Receptors Prevents Retention of a Newly Acquired Adaptive Coping Strategy

The inability to learn an adaptive coping strategy in a novel stressful condition leads to dysfunctional stress coping, a marker of mental disturbances. This study tested the involvement of dorsal striatal dopamine receptors in the dysfunctional coping with the Forced Swim test fostered by a previous experience of reduced food availability. Adult male mice were submitted to a temporary (12 days) reduction of food availability [food-restricted (FR)] or continuously free-fed (FF). Different groups of FF and FR mice were used to evaluate: (1) dorsal striatal mRNA levels of the two isoforms of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2S, D2L). (2) Forced Swim-induced c-fos expression in the dorsal striatum; (3) acquisition and 24 h retention of passive coping with Forced Swim. Additional groups of FF mice were tested for 24 h retention of passive coping acquired during a first experience with Forced Swim immediately followed by intra-striatal infusion of vehicle or two doses of the dopamine D2/D3 receptors antagonist sulpiride or the D1/D5 receptors antagonist SCH23390. Previous restricted feeding selectively reduced mRNA levels of both D2 isoforms and abolished Forced Swim-induced c-fos expression in the left Dorsolateral Striatum and selectively prevented 24 h retention of the coping strategy acquired in a first experience of Forced Swim. Finally, temporary blockade of left Dorsolateral Striatum D2/D3 receptors immediately following the first Forced Swim experience selectively reproduced the behavioral effect of restricted feeding in FF mice. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that mice previously exposed to a temporary reduction of food availability show low striatal D2 receptors, a known marker of addiction-associated aberrant neuroplasticity, as well as liability to relapse into maladaptive stress coping strategies. Moreover, they offer strong support to a causal relationship between reduction of D2 receptors in the left Dorsolateral Striatum and impaired consolidation of newly acquired adaptive coping

Assessment of energy expenditure in individuals with post-poliomyelitis syndrome

The objective of this study was to identify energy expenditure, retrospectively, in individuals with post-poliomyelitis syndrome (PPS) in the Brazilian population. Methods: The Baecke questionnaire for the evaluation of habitual physical activity (HPA), assessment of quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref), and the Fatigue Severity Scale were administered to patients with PPS, poliomyelitis sequelae (PS) and to a control group (CG). Participated in the study 116 individuals (PPS=52,PS= 28,CG=36). Results: Patients with PPS tended to increase their HPA from 10 to 20 years of age, compared with those in the PS group and the CG. In the period from 21 to 30 years of age, there was significant increase in the PPS group's occupational physical activity compared to the PS group, and the occupational physical activity (21-30 years of age) correlated with the onset of symptoms of PPS. Conclusion: Patients with PPS had a higher energy expenditure during life, especially in occupational physical activity at ages 21-30 years, suggesting this decade is critical for the development of PPS.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Setor Invest Doencas Neuromusculares, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilCtr Univ Augusto Motta, Mestrado Ciencias Reabilitacao, Bonsucesso, RJ, BrazilUniv Severino Sombra, Mestrado Ciencias Aplicadas Saude, Vassouras, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Anesthesiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Setor Invest Doencas Neuromusculares, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Anesthesiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc