Managing Water in Agriculture through Remote Sensing Applications

The climatic factors and their variability, both spatial and temporal, linked to precipita-tion decreasing and irregular distribution, due to climatic changes, have been gathering a higher weight in the definition of water management policies. These policies have important implications on agriculture. Using new technologies that allow a better use of water requires institutional changes in major areas. The first point is the need for base information with an adequate spatial and temporal resolution. The work we have done includes itself in the water efficient and sustained use, allowing the improvement of irrigation systems and it’s the result of a jointly effort of several teams based on an international project. The PLEIADES Project - Participatory multi-Level EO-assisted tools for Irrigation water management: and Agricultural Decision - Support, falls in the 6th Framework Programme, Priority 6 - Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystems – CEC - Research Directorate-General-Integrating and Strengthening the European Research Area. The Portuguese working area was the Caia irrigation area, a subsystem of Guadiana basin, located in the southeast of Portugal, near the border with Spain. The system praised by PLEIADES stands mainly over FAO normative, about culture water needs and the calculation of cultural coefficient (Kc) in a simple way, directly from remote sensing data. For that we simply use radiometric pa-rameters derived from visible and infrared bands.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Social support and families of children with cancer: an integrative review

O estudo teve como objetivo buscar evidências disponíveis na literatura que abordem o apoio social aos membros de famílias de crianças com câncer. Elaborou-se revisão integrativa e a busca dos artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO e LILACS, com as palavras-chave social support, cancer, child e family, no período de 1996 a 2006. Selecionou-se quinze artigos e a análise desses permitiu a identificação de três temáticas: apoio social e a trajetória do câncer, apoio social aos irmãos saudáveis e apoio social aos pais e mães de crianças com câncer. Os dados indicaram falta de consenso entre os pesquisadores em relação ao uso do termo apoio social e a necessidade de maior rigor metodológico na realização dos estudos. Reconhecer as necessidades de apoio é importante para se planejar o cuidado de enfermagem e direcionar o desenvolvimento de pesquisas, cujos resultados possam ser desenvolvidos na prática.La finalidad de este estudio fue buscar las evidencias que se encontraban disponibles sobre el apoyo social a familias de niños con cáncer. Se realizó una revisión integradora y los artículos fueron buscados en las bases de datos PUBMED, WEB of SCIENCE, CINAHL, PsycINFO y LILACS, con las palabras clave: social support, cancer, child y family, en el período de 1996 a 2006. Fueron seleccionados quince artículos. El análisis permitió identificar tres temáticas: apoyo social y la trayectoria del cáncer; apoyo social a los hermanos saludables; y, apoyo social a los padres y madres de niños con cáncer. Los datos indicaron que falta consenso entre los investigadores al respecto del uso del término apoyo social y que es necesario realizar estudios con un mayor rigor metodológico. Reconocer las necesidades, que tiene la clientela, de recibir apoyo es importante para planificar el cuidado de enfermería y dirigir el desarrollo de investigaciones, cuyos resultados puedan ser aplicados en la práctica.This study aimed to search available evidences in literature about social support to families of children with cancer. An integrative review was elaborated and the articles were searched in PUBMED, WEB of SCIENCE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and LILACS, using the key words: social support, cancer, child and family, between 1996 and 2006. Fifteen articles were selected and the analysis of these publications allowed for the identification of three themes: social support and the trajectory of cancer, social support to healthy siblings and social support to fathers and mothers of children with cancer. Data indicated a lack of consensus among researchers about the use of the term social support and that there is a need for greater methodological rigor in the conduction of these studies. Acknowledging the clients' support needs is important to plan nursing care and guide research development, whose results can be used in practice

Apoio e rede social em enfermagem familiar: revendo conceitos

Os conceitos sobre apoio e rede social se configuram como recursos aplicáveis à Enfermagem Familiar, uma vez que seus objetivos visam aprimorar a qualidade de vida das famílias e, ainda, promover, fortalecer e manter seu bem-estar. O objetivo deste estudo foi refletir sobre os principais conceitos de rede e apoio social, relacionando-os à Enfermagem Familiar para sua aplicação na pesquisa e na prática de enfermagem. Conclui-se que falta consenso sobre esses conceitos e há necessidade de mais critérios ao empregá-los. O pesquisador, ao utilizar a Enfermagem Familiar, deve selecionar, na literatura, os conceitos de rede e de apoio social mais relevantes para se atingirem os objetivos propostos.Los conceptos sobre red y apoyo social se constituyen en recursos aplicados en Enfermería Familiar, considerando que su finalidad es mejorar la calidad de vida de las familias, así como promover, fortalecer y mantener su bienestar. El objetivo del estudio fue reflexionar con respecto a los principales conceptos sobre red y apoyo social, los cuales se relacionan con Enfermería Familiar dentro de la investigación y práctica de enfermería. Se concluye que la falta de un consenso sobre estos conceptos, genera la necesidad de utilizar más criterios para su aplicación. Cuando se trabaja con Enfermería Familiar, el investigador debe seleccionar en la bibliografía los conceptos de red y de apoyo social más importante, para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos.Social support and social network concepts are resources applicable to Family Nursing, as they are aimed at improving families' quality of life, and also at promoting, strengthening and maintaining their well-being. This study aimed to reflect on the main social network and social support concepts, relating them with Family Nursing, with a view to their application in nursing research and practice. We conclude that there is a lack of consensus about these concepts and that further criteria are needed for their use. In using Family Nursing, researchers must select the most relevant social network and social support concepts in literature to achieve the proposed objectives

Effects of abdominal microcurrent in the consumption and proportion of energy substrates during aerobic exercise: a pilot study

Microcurrent therapy can increase lipolytic activity. However, it is unknown if the increased availability of lipids can influence the selection of energy substrates during a single session of aerobic exercise. We aimed to analyze the effect of microcurrent application to the abdominal region in the consumption of lipids and carbohydrates, and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during a single session of moderate aerobic exercise in young adults. A pilot study was conducted in which participants were allocated to intervention (IG) or placebo (PG) groups. In both groups, 40 min of microcurrent application with two frequencies (25 and 10 Hz) followed by 50 min of moderate intensity aerobic exercise (45–55% of heart rate reserve) on a cycloergometer were performed. The microcurrent application was performed without intensity in the PG. A portable gas analyzer (K4b2 ) was used during exercise in both groups. Thirty-eight participants (20.6 ± 1.8 years; 18 in IG and 20 in PG) were enrolled. There were no significant differences in the consumption of substrates or RER between the groups during exercise (p > 0.05). Microcurrent application seems to be insufficient to influence the consumption of energy substrates and RER during a single session of aerobic exercise in young adults.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O envolvimento dos alótipos de C4 na patogênese das doenças humanas

The complement system is an important humoral defense mechanism that plays a relevant role against microbial agents, inflammatory response control, and immunocomplex clearance. Classical complement pathway activation is antibody-dependent. The C4 component participates in the initial step of activation, and C4 expression is determined by 2 pairs of allotypes: C4A and C4B. Deficiencies in C4 allotypes have been associated with several diseases. The aim of the present review is evaluate the reported data in the literature regarding specific C4A and C4B deficiencies and characterize their clinical relevance. We searched the MEDLINE and LILACS databases. Papers referring to total C4 deficiency without allotype evaluation and case reports of primary C4 deficiency were not included. Deficiencies in C4 allotypes have been associated with Mycobacterium leprae infection, erythema nodosum, systemic sclerosis with anti-topoisomerase I antibodies, intermediate congenital adrenal hyperplasia with DR5 genotype, diabetes mellitus type 1 with DR3,4 genotype, and diabetes mellitus with antibodies against islet cells. C4 allotype deficiency is also related to C4B deficiency and autoimmune-associated diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, or diseases with an autoimmune component, such as autism. Some reports associate C4A with thyroiditis after delivery as well as limited and systemic sclerosis without anti-topoisomerase I antibodies. However, the studies with C4A and C4B have been concentrated in isolated populations, and some of the studies could not be reproduced by other authors.O sistema complemento constitui um importante sistema de defesa humoral, exercendo papel relevante na resposta contra agentes microbianos, no controle da resposta inflamatória e na depuração de imunocomplexos. A ativação da via clássica é dependente da formação do complexo antígeno-anticorpo. O componente C4 do complemento participa da etapa inicial de ativação desta via e a sua expressão é determinada por dois alótipos : C4A e C4B. A deficiência dos alótipos de C4 tem sido relacionada a várias doenças. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os dados de literatura que descrevem as deficiências específicas de C4A e C4B com a finalidade de caracterizar seu significado clínico. Foi realizada uma ampla revisão bibliográfica através do MEDLINE e LILACS, avaliando-se os dados de literatura. Excluiu-se estudos com a avaliação de C4 total sem a análise dos alótipos e relatos de caso isolados de deficiência total de C4. Verificou-se que a deficiência dos alótipos de C4 está relacionada com algumas doenças: hanseníase, esclerose sistêmica com anticorpos anti-topoisomerase I, hiperplasia adrenal congênita intermediária com genótipo DR5, diabetes mellitus tipo 1 com genótipo DR3,4 e diabetes mellitus tipo 1 com anticorpos anti-células das ilhotas. Também foram observadas algumas associações entre C4B e doenças auto-imunes como lupus eritematoso sistêmico, ou que se supõe terem um componente auto-imune como o autismo. Estudos demonstraram associações do C4A com tireoidite pós-parto, esclerose limitada e esclerose sistêmica sem anticorpos anti-topoisomerase I. Porém, os estudos dos alótipos de C4 se concentraram em populações isoladas e alguns destes não conseguiram ser reproduzidos por outros autores

A COMUNICAÇÃO DE MÁS NOTÍCIAS PELO ENFERMEIRO NO CENÁRIO DO CUIDADO OBSTÉTRICO

RESUMO A comunicação de más notícias é uma difícil e importante tarefa da equipe de saúde. Na Obstetrícia, essa questão torna-se ainda mais complexa, pois esse cenário, que representa vida, vai de encontro às expectativas das mulheres, familiares e profissionais envolvidos. O estudo teve o objetivo de realizar uma análise reflexiva sobre a atuação do enfermeiro na comunicação de más notícias no cenário de cuidados obstétricos. Trata-se de estudo reflexivo para contribuir para o aprofundamento do tema na área da saúde. A notícia difícil é permeada de significados responsáveis por reações em todos os envolvidos, principalmente quando vinculada à presença inexorável da morte. Os enfermeiros aprendem na academia a auxiliar no processo de nascimento e de cura e não a lidar com situações de perdas ou de morte. A comunicação de notícias difíceis pode desencadear emoções que deixam o ouvinte incapaz de assimilar toda a conversa, portanto, a acolhida e o tempo de elaboração são fundamentais. Essa comunicação requer entrosamento da equipe entre si, com a mulher e sua família. Há lacunas nas pesquisas científicas que evidenciam a enfermagem como comunicadora de más notícias e apoiadora desse processo de enfrentamento

Nursing profession in public health practice in the state of São Paulo: from bacteriological model to health program (1889-1983)

Identificou-se as raízes históricas dos agentes de enfermagem nas práticas sanitárias paulistas entre 1900 e 1980. O trabalho da enfermeira foi institucionalizado na Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de São Paulo, 1970, no modelo de "Programação", para treinar, coordenar e supervisionar os agentes de enfermagem a realizar normas programáticas. Evidenciou-se o caráter controlista da atividade de supervisão em busca da eficiência do atendimento e a capacidade da enfermeira estabelecer relações entre as ações de saúde executadas por diferentes agentes.Se ha identificado la origen histórico de los agentes de Enfermería en las práticas sanitárias de la Provincia de São Paulo entre 1900-1989. El trabajo de la Enfermera fue institucionalizado en la Secretaría de la Salud de la Provincia de São Paulo, 1970, en el modelo de "Programación", para entrenar, coordinar y supervisionar los agentes de Enfermería para realizar normas programáticas. Se ha evidenciado el carácter de control de la actividad de supervisión, en la búsqueda de la eficiencia de la asistencia y la capacidad de la Enfermera en establecer relaciones entre las acciones de salud ejecutadas por los diferentes agentes.The historical roots of the nursing profession in public health in the estate of São Paulo from 1900-1980 have been identified. Nurses have effectively participated to implement a new public health program - "Programação em Saúde", having the assignment to train, coordinate, supervise/manage other nurses who lacked specialized training. The nurse's understanding of her role in the health process was limited to individual performance with emphasis on technical ability, without understanding the purpose of her actions in the overall model

Improving the interface between orthopaedic implants and bone - a comparison between different surface treatments

Apresentação efetuada em "Junior Euromat 2022", em Coimbra, 2022Orthopedic implants for load-bearing applications are usually composed of titanium-based materials. However, insufficient bioactivity of metallic materials impairs the bonding with bone, compromising osseointegration at an early stage. The implant-bone interface may be improved by regulating some surface properties of the biomaterials, including surface chemical composition, surface energy, roughness and topography, which influence the behavior of bone cells. In the present study, commercially pure titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy were used to investigate the effect of three surface treatments, after performing two different chemical pre-treatments, on the characteristics of the obtained oxide films. Regarding the pre-treatments, no major differences were observed between performing alcohol cleaning or acidic pre-treatment, considering the surface crystallinity, roughness and wettability. However, the TiO2 layer formed upon anodic oxidation, hydrothermal treatment and anodic oxidation followed by hydrothermal treatment presented different characteristics regarding its crystallinity, roughness, thickness and wettability. This study compared specific surface treatments and the hydrothermal treatment is proposed as a simple treatment capable of improving the characteristics of the implant surface, thereby promoting osteoconductivity. In fact, the culture of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Ti-based materials subjected to hydrothermal treatment and consequent induction of osteogenic differentiation confirm the improved surface characteristics.This work was supported by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia) through the grant SFRH/BD/141056/2018 and the projects PTDC/EME-EME/1442/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030498, UIDB/04436/2019 and UIDP/04436/2020. In addition, this work was developed within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020, UIDP/50011/2020 & LA/P/0006/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC (PIDDAC)