Social time and generational (mis)matches

El propósito de este reporte de investigación es analizar el tiempo social y su relación con los (des) encuentros generacionales, asociados al uso de nuevas tecnologías. Para ello, se hizo una revisión bibliográfica sobre los modos de pensar el tiempo: objetivo, biográfico-subjetivo, social e histórico y sobre generación y conciencia generacional. Se estudiaron las representaciones temporales colectivas de los sujetos sociales en las distintas épocas históricas. Se consideraron las formas en que el tiempo social plural es representado y expresado de modo diverso, produciendo (des)encuentros generacionales. De la relación de variables se destacó la incidencia de la velocidad y asincronía temporal en las denominadas generaciones Gutenberg y Zuckerberg. Se concluye que, a pesar de las diferencias en la conciencia temporal de jóvenes y adultos, es posible articular sus temporalidades generacionales en un nuevo tiempo social que integre rumbo y dirección.O objetivo deste relatório de pesquisa é analisar o tempo social e sua relação com os (des) encontros geracionais, associados ao uso de novas tecnologias. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as formas de pensar o tempo: objetivo, biográfico-subjetivo, social e histórico e sobre geração e consciência geracional. Foram estudadas as representações temporais coletivas dos sujeitos sociais nas diferentes épocas históricas. Consideramos as maneiras pelas quais o tempo social plural é representado e expresso de maneira diferente, produzindo (des) encontros geracionais. A incidência da velocidade e assincronia temporal nas chamadas gerações de Gutenberg e de Zuckerberg destacou-se na relação de variáveis. Conclui-se que, apesar das diferenças na consciência temporal de jovens e adultos, é possível articular suas temporalidades geracionais num novo tempo social que integra rumo e direção.The aim of this investigation report is to analyze social time and its relation with generational (mis)matches, in regards to ICTs. For this purpose, it was made a bibliographical revision on the topic of ways of thinking time: objective, biographicalsubjective, social and with regard to generation and generational consciousness. Collective temporal representations of social subjects in different time periods were studied. We took into account the various ways in which plural social time is represented and expressed, producing generational (mis)matches. From the association of variables, the impact of acceleration and temporal desynchrony were highlighted in the "Gutenberg" and "Zuckerberg" generations. In conclusion, despite the discrepancy in temporal consciousness between the youth and the elderly, it is possible to articulate their generational temporalities in a new social time, integrating both of them with course and direction.Dossier: Familias ultramodernasFacultad de Psicologí

Social time and generational (mis)matches

El propósito de este reporte de investigación es analizar el tiempo social y su relación con los (des) encuentros generacionales, asociados al uso de nuevas tecnologías. Para ello, se hizo una revisión bibliográfica sobre los modos de pensar el tiempo: objetivo, biográfico-subjetivo, social e histórico y sobre generación y conciencia generacional. Se estudiaron las representaciones temporales colectivas de los sujetos sociales en las distintas épocas históricas. Se consideraron las formas en que el tiempo social plural es representado y expresado de modo diverso, produciendo (des)encuentros generacionales. De la relación de variables se destacó la incidencia de la velocidad y asincronía temporal en las denominadas generaciones Gutenberg y Zuckerberg. Se concluye que, a pesar de las diferencias en la conciencia temporal de jóvenes y adultos, es posible articular sus temporalidades generacionales en un nuevo tiempo social que integre rumbo y dirección.O objetivo deste relatório de pesquisa é analisar o tempo social e sua relação com os (des) encontros geracionais, associados ao uso de novas tecnologias. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as formas de pensar o tempo: objetivo, biográfico-subjetivo, social e histórico e sobre geração e consciência geracional. Foram estudadas as representações temporais coletivas dos sujeitos sociais nas diferentes épocas históricas. Consideramos as maneiras pelas quais o tempo social plural é representado e expresso de maneira diferente, produzindo (des) encontros geracionais. A incidência da velocidade e assincronia temporal nas chamadas gerações de Gutenberg e de Zuckerberg destacou-se na relação de variáveis. Conclui-se que, apesar das diferenças na consciência temporal de jovens e adultos, é possível articular suas temporalidades geracionais num novo tempo social que integra rumo e direção.The aim of this investigation report is to analyze social time and its relation with generational (mis)matches, in regards to ICTs. For this purpose, it was made a bibliographical revision on the topic of ways of thinking time: objective, biographicalsubjective, social and with regard to generation and generational consciousness. Collective temporal representations of social subjects in different time periods were studied. We took into account the various ways in which plural social time is represented and expressed, producing generational (mis)matches. From the association of variables, the impact of acceleration and temporal desynchrony were highlighted in the "Gutenberg" and "Zuckerberg" generations. In conclusion, despite the discrepancy in temporal consciousness between the youth and the elderly, it is possible to articulate their generational temporalities in a new social time, integrating both of them with course and direction.Facultad de Psicologí

Failure of Y-27632 to improve the culture of adult human adipose-derived stem cells

Y-27632 is a well-known inhibitor of the Rho-associated coiled kinase (ROCK) and has been shown to significantly improve the culture of a variety of multipotent stem cell types. However, the effects of Y-27632 on the expansion of adult human adipose-derived stem cell (hADSC) cultures remain to be established. Here, we aimed to characterize the effects of Y-27632 on the culture of hADSCs. Adult hADSCs were isolated from subjects submitted to elective plastic surgery procedures and cultivated in vitro under optimized conditions. Our results show that the continuous supplementation of hADSC cultures with Y-27632 led to decreased numbers of cells and decreased global metabolic viability of hADSC cultures when compared with control conditions. This effect appeared to be dependent on the continuous presence of the drug and was shown to be concentration-dependent and significant for 10 muM and 20 muM of Y-27632. Moreover, the Y-27632-induced decrease in hADSC numbers was not linked to a block in global cell proliferation, as cell numbers consistently increased from the moment of plating until passaging. In addition, Y-27632 was not able to increase the number of hADSCs present in culture 24 hours after passaging. Taken together, our results suggest that, in contrast to other stem cell types, Y-27632 supplementation is not a suitable strategy to enhance hADSC culture expansion.We thank Jeffrey M Gimble (Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University and LaCell LLC, New Orleans, LA, USA) for kindly isolating, characterizing, and sharing the cellular lines of hADSCs used in the present study and for critical input on the manuscript. We also would very much like to thank Laurent Roybon (Stem Cell Laboratory for CNS Disease Modeling, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden) for the utilization of Metamorph NX software for automated cell quantification. We are grateful to Miguel Carvalho, Ana Pires, Eduardo Gomes, Fabio Teixeira and Nuno Silva for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (predoctoral fellowship to NJL [SFRH/BD/33421/2008]; FCT Investigator Program to AJS) and the Luso-American Development Foundation

Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) and Infant Microbiota: A Scoping Review

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant solid component of breast milk. However, the newborn cannot assimilate them as nutrients. They are recognized prebiotic agents (the first in the newborn diet) that stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms, mainly the genus Bifidobacterium, dominant in the gut of breastfed infants. The structures of the oligosaccharides vary mainly according to maternal genetics, but also other maternal factors such as parity and mode of delivery, age, diet, and nutritional status or even geographic location and seasonality cause different breast milk oligosaccharides profiles. Differences in the profiles of HMO have been linked to breast milk microbiota and gut microbial colonization of babies. Here, we provide a review of the scope of reports on associations between HMOs and the infant gut microbiota to assess the impact of HMO compositionS

Bacterial Diversity of Breast Milk in Healthy Spanish Women: Evolution from Birth to Five Years Postpartum

The objective of this work was to characterize the microbiota of breast milk in healthy Spanish mothers and to investigate the effects of lactation time on its diversity. A total of ninety-nine human milk samples were collected from healthy Spanish women and were assessed by means of next-generation sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicons and by qPCR. Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum, followed by Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Accordingly, Streptococcus was the most abundant genus. Lactation time showed a strong influence in milk microbiota, positively correlating with Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes, while Firmicutes was relatively constant over lactation. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing showed that the highest alpha-diversity was found in samples of prolonged lactation, along with wider differences between individuals. As for milk nutrients, calcium, magnesium, and selenium levels were potentially associated with Streptococcus and Staphylococcus abundance. Additionally, Proteobacteria was positively correlated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in breast milk, and Staphylococcus with conjugated linoleic acid. Conversely, Streptococcus and trans-palmitoleic acid showed a negative association. Other factors such as maternal body mass index or diet also showed an influence on the structure of these microbial communities. Overall, human milk in Spanish mothers appeared to be a complex niche shaped by host factors and by its own nutrients, increasing in diversity over timeThe authors would like to thank the European Regional Development Funds (FEDER), grant ED431C 2018/05, for covering the costs of publicationS

Efficacy and safety of temozolomide in the treatment of aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumours in Spain

Carcinoma pituitario; RadioterapiaCarcinoma pituïtari; RadioteràpiaPituitary carcinoma; RadiotherapyCurrent guidelines recommend temozolomide as the first-line chemotherapy for aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumours. However, no clinical trials have been conducted to date and clinical experience is quite limited. We retrospectively analyzed 28 patients (9 women and 19 men), aged 46.6 + 16.9, with aggressive pituitary tumours (4 pituitary carcinomas and 24 aggressive adenomas) treated with temozolomide in 10 Spanish pituitary reference centres. Four patients had Cushing’s disease, 9 prolactinomas and 15 clinically non-functioning pituitary tumours (seven silent corticotroph, three silent somatotroph, one silent lactotroph, one silent gondotroph and three null-cell tumours). Median size at diagnosis was 10.5 cm3 (IQR 4.7-22.5), with cavernous sinus invasion in 88% and no metastases. Pre-temozolomide treatment, these data were 5.2 cm3 (IQR 1.9-12.3), 89.3% and 14.3% (2 intracranial and 2 spinal metastases). All patients had undergone surgery (1-5 surgeries), 25 (89.3%) had received radiotherapy (7 of them reirradiated) and 13(46.4%) had received cabergoline. One patient interrupted temozolomide prematurely. The remaining 27 patients received a median of 13 cycles (range 3-66) of 5 days every 28 days, with a mean initial dose of 265 ± 73 mg when administered alone and of 133 ± 15 mg when co-administered with radiotherapy. Eight patients (29.6%) had a significant reduction (>30%) in tumour volume and 14 (51.9%) attained tumour stabilization. After a median follow-up of 29 months (IQR 10-55), 8 out of these 22 showed disease progression. A longer progression-free survival was found in the five patients who received concomitant radiotherapy. Seven patients (25%) died (all of them because of tumour progression or complications of treatments) at 77 months (IQR 42-136) after diagnosis and 29 months (IQR 16-55) after the first dose of temozolomide. Adverse effects occurred in 18 patients (14 mild and 4 moderate or severe). In conclusion, temozolomide is an effective medical treatment for aggressive pitNET and pituitary carcinomas but is sometimes followed by tumour progression. Co-administration with radiotherapy may increase progression-free survival

MEN1-associated primary hyperparathyroidism in the spanish registry: clinical characterictics and surgical outcomes

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; MEN1 gene; Primary hyperparathyroidismNeoplasia endocrina múltiple tipo 1; Gen MEN1; Hiperparatiroidismo primarioNeoplàsia endocrina múltiple tipus 1; Gen MEN1; Hiperparatiroidisme primariPrimary hyperparathyroidism is the most frequent manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. Bone and renal complications are common. Surgery is the treatment of choice, but the best timing for surgery is controversial and predictors of persistence and recurrence are not well known. Our study describes the clinical characteristics and the surgical outcomes, after surgery and in the long term, of the patients with MEN1 and primary hyperparathyroidism included in the Spanish Registry of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas (REGMEN). Eighty-nine patients (49 men and 40 women, 34.2 ± 13 years old) were included. Sixty-four out of the 89 underwent surgery: a total parathyroidectomy was done in 13 patients, a subtotal parathyroidectomy in 34 and a less than subtotal parathyroidectomy in 15. Remission rates were higher after a total or a subtotal parathyroidectomy than after a less than subtotal (3/4 and 20/22 vs 7/12, P < 0.05), without significant differences in permanent hypoparathyroidism (1/5, 9/23 and 0/11, N.S.). After a median follow-up of 111 months, 20 of the 41 operated patients with long-term follow-up had persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. We did not find differences in disease-free survival rates between different techniques, patients with or without permanent hypoparathyroidism and patients with different mutated exons, but a second surgery was more frequent after a less than subtotal parathyroidectomy.The Spanish Registry of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia, Pheochromocytmas and Paragangliomas is supported by IPSEN Pharmaceutical. This work did not receive any other specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sector

Occupational guidance as a cross-curricular school activity

The theory and practice on occupational guidance (OG) have developed significantly in recent decades. However, a significant portion of the applications of this knowledge in school has not followed the current developments. In order to analyze the cross-curricular school OG project, the participation of teachers and the implications of the OG in the vocational behavior of the second year High School students were evaluated. All teachers were invited to participate. The project assessment was made by 69 students who answered a questionnaire and an attitude scale pre and post OG. Not all teachers transversalized the proposed themes, but the amount of who did this has increased significantly. As for the vocational behavior, a reduction in the number of uncertainties about what profession to follow was noted post-test. Other variables were maintained. The cross-curricular school OG is a viable activity, capable of promoting the development of adolescents. Further studies are recommended.A teorização e a prática em orientação profissional (OP) desenvolveram-se significativamente nas últimas décadas. Porém, parcela significativa das aplicações desse conhecimento na escola não tem acompanhado os desenvolvimentos atuais. Para analisar um projeto de OP transversal ao currículo escolar, avaliou-se a participação dos docentes e as implicações da OP no comportamento vocacional de alunos do segundo ano do ensino médio. Todos os professores foram convidados a participar. A avaliação do projeto foi feita por 69 alunos que responderam a um questionário e a uma escala de atitudes pré e pós-OP. Nem todos os docentes transversalizaram os temas propostos, mas a quantidade dos que fizeram isso aumentou significativamente. Quanto ao comportamento vocacional, constatou-se redução do número de dúvidas sobre profissões a seguir pós-OP. Houve manutenção das demais variáveis analisadas. A OP transversal ao currículo é uma atividade viável, capaz de promover o desenvolvimento dos adolescentes. Estudos adicionais são recomendados

Milk Microbiota: A Source of Antimicrobial-Producing Bacteria with Potential Application in Food Safety

Antimicrobial and biocide resistance is a major public health problem today. Therefore, one of the main scientific challenges nowadays is the search for alternatives to these substances. One of these potential alternatives are the bacteriocins. Microbiota are a potential source of bacteriocin-producing bacteria that need to be studied. In this study, a total of 40 samples of human milk and 10 samples of cow milk were collected from healthy individuals and stored at −20 °C until use. Colonies isolated from these samples that showed antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus in the overlaid assays were selected. Well diffusion assays were carried out with the cell-free supernatant (CFS) from these colonies neutralized to pH and inhibition zones were recorded. The activity against eight common bacterial pathogens was evaluated. A total of 32 colonies with potential antimicrobial activity were isolated. The neutralized CFS of 10 strains showed antimicrobial activity against at least one pathogen tested in the well diffusion assays. Eight of the 10 CFS inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. These CFS also showed activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , L. monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile. The next steps of the research will be 16s rRNA sequencing to identify the species of isolates and mass spectrometry to determine the antimicrobial product produced by isolation. Finally, this study demonstrated that milk microbiota are a potential source of new producing bacteriocin bacteria that can be used in the formulation of new food productsS

Occupational guidance as a cross-curricular school activity

The theory and practice on occupational guidance (OG) have developed significantly in recent decades. However, a significant portion of the applications of this knowledge in school has not followed the current developments. In order to analyze the cross-curricular school OG project, the participation of teachers and the implications of the OG in the vocational behavior of the second year High School students were evaluated. All teachers were invited to participate. The project assessment was made by 69 students who answered a questionnaire and an attitude scale pre and post OG. Not all teachers transversalized the proposed themes, but the amount of who did this has increased significantly. As for the vocational behavior, a reduction in the number of uncertainties about what profession to follow was noted post-test. Other variables were maintained. The cross-curricular school OG is a viable activity, capable of promoting the development of adolescents. Further studies are recommended.A teorização e a prática em orientação profissional (OP) desenvolveram-se significativamente nas últimas décadas. Porém, parcela significativa das aplicações desse conhecimento na escola não tem acompanhado os desenvolvimentos atuais. Para analisar um projeto de OP transversal ao currículo escolar, avaliou-se a participação dos docentes e as implicações da OP no comportamento vocacional de alunos do segundo ano do ensino médio. Todos os professores foram convidados a participar. A avaliação do projeto foi feita por 69 alunos que responderam a um questionário e a uma escala de atitudes pré e pós-OP. Nem todos os docentes transversalizaram os temas propostos, mas a quantidade dos que fizeram isso aumentou significativamente. Quanto ao comportamento vocacional, constatou-se redução do número de dúvidas sobre profissões a seguir pós-OP. Houve manutenção das demais variáveis analisadas. A OP transversal ao currículo é uma atividade viável, capaz de promover o desenvolvimento dos adolescentes. Estudos adicionais são recomendados