Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Violencia de Pareja, versión corta (DVQ-8): una herramienta de evaluación para entornos educativos

Este artículo proporciona información psicométrica de un instrumento de screening de victimización en parejas jóvenes: Dating Violence Questionnaire de 8 ítems. Un primer estudio desarrolló un análisis factorial exploratorio con matrices de correlación policóricas y rotación oblimin con 990 jóvenes universitarios mexicanos con edad promedio de 19.5, de las que dos tercios fueron mujeres, obteniendo una estructura unifactorial con alta confiabilidad para varones y mujeres. El segundo estudio, con una muestra de 355 participantes, proporcionó información sobre la validez del instrumento, encontrando una relación positiva entre el Dating Violence Questionnaire de 8 ítems y victimización percibida, se obtuvieron una significación alta y el tamaño del efecto grande y una relación negativa entre el instrumento y estado de salud, con un efecto moderado. En conclusión, el DVQ-8 incluye indicadores confiables y válidos para la detección temprana de victimización en contextos educativos.This article provides psychometric information from a screening tool for victimization in young couples: the 8-Item Dating Violence Questionnaire. The first study undertook an exploratory factor analysis with polymorphic correlation matrices and oblimin rotation of 990 Mexican university students with an average age of 19.5, two thirds of whom were women, obtaining a unifactorial structure with high reliability for males and females. The second study, with a sample of 355 participants, provided information on the validity of the instrument, finding a positive relationship between the 8-Item Dating Violence Questionnaire and perceived victimization. High significance and a large effect size and negative relationship were obtained between the instrument and state of health, with a moderate effect. In conclusion, the DVQ-8 includes reliable, valid indicators for the early detection of victimization in educational settings

Drug abuse and criminal family records in the criminal history of prisoners

La relación entre el comportamiento criminal y los factores de riesgo, como el registro delictivo familiar y el consumo de drogas, ha sido establecida. Con el objetivo de definir el papel de estos factores de riesgo en el inicio y la evolución de la conducta criminal, se diseñó un estudio de campo con presos. Se aplicó a los datos de 157 reclusos en Villabona (Asturias, España) un análisis de supervivencia relacionado con la edad en que se cometió el primer delito no sancionado y la edad en la que entró por primera vez en la cárcel. Los resultados del análisis muestran que los reincidentes con abuso de drogas se iniciaron en actos delictivos a una edad más temprana (13 años) que los delincuentes primarios (16 años); los reincidentes con antecedentes penales en la familia comenzaron su actividad criminal a una edad anterior (13 años) a los primarios (16 años); Los reincidentes de familias sin antecedentes penales se iniciaban en actos delictivos a los 14 años, mientras que los primarios a los 16; los reincidentes con dependencia a las drogas entran por primera vez en la cárcel antes (19 años) que los primarios. Los delincuentes primarios que no consumen drogas ingresan en la cárcel por primera vez a la edad de 24 años, mientras que los reincidentes a la edad de 19; la primera entrada en prisión de los reincidentes con antecedentes penales de la familia se produce antes (19 años), que en los delincuentes primarios (23 años), y los presos reincidentes sin antecedentes penales de la familia cruzan el umbral de la cárcel por primera vez a una edad más joven (21 años) que los internos primarios (26 años). Las implicaciones de estos resultados pueden orientar una intervención más eficaz contra la delincuencia.The relationship between criminal behavior and the risk factors, family criminal records and drug use, has been firmly established. With the aim of defining the role of these risk factors in the initiation and evolution of criminal behavior, a field study with prison inmates was designed. A survival analysis with the age at which the first unsanctioned crime was committed and the age at which entered by first instance into prison was applied to the data of 157 prison inmates in Villabona (Asturias, Spain). The results of a survival analysis showed that drug abuse re-offenders initiated in criminal acts at an earlier age (13 years) than the primary offenders (16 years); re-offenders from family criminal records began his/her criminal activity earlier (13 years) than primary ones (16 years); re-offenders with non-criminal family records, initiate in criminal acts at 14 years, whereas primary at 16; the recidivist drug abusers enter by first instance into prison earlier (19 years) than the primary ones; non-drug consuming primary offenders enter prison for the first time at the age of 24 whereas recidivists do so at the age of 19; the first entrance into prison of the recidivist with family criminal records occurs early (19 years), than for the primary offenders (23 years); and the recidivist prisoners of non-family criminal records cross the threshold of the prison by first time youngsters (21 years) than the primary inmates (26 years). The implications of these results may lead towards a more effective intervention against crime

Adaptation of the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) for the Mexican Prison Population

El objetivo del estudio es adaptar el CSI - Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento - al contexto penitenciario. La muestra - 261 penados, 97% varones (n=253) - del Sistema Postpenitenciario y Atención a Liberados (DSPAL) del Estado Jalisco, México. Los instrumentos utilizados: Ficha Penitenciaria de Historia de Vida y el Inventario CSI. Los resultados refieren una estructura de primer orden casi idéntica a la obtenida para la población general, con niveles de consistencia interna satisfactorios, al mismo tiempo que la interpretación de segundo orden no confirma la estructura de segundo y tercer orden. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para intervención penitenciaria

Tolerance of abuse within Mexican adolescent relationships

Violence in interpersonal relationships in young people has been the subject of several studies in recent years. Studies of dating violence show that one of the resources available for the young to help perceive and distinguish abusive or violent behaviour is an indicator which increases the ability to recognise as well as confront the reality of abuse. Certain violent behaviour however can be perceived as non-abusive, where the victim and the aggressor can share an abnormal view of the relationship in which possession, jealousy and exclusivity are considered significant elements within the relationship. The objective of this study is to understand and establish the levels of aggravation (degree of tolerance) towards violent behaviour in relationships of engaged adolescent Mexicans affected by abuse, by considering gender and level of perception of abuse as variables. The sample was formed of 3304 young Mexican students between the ages of 13 and 22, containing 1432 boys and 1872 girls, 1383 pursuing university studies, whereas the remaining 1921 were pre-university students. CUVINO was administered in order to determine the abusive conduct and levels of discomfort (tolerance), which allowed us to observe that the highest levels of discomfort, greater than those caused by any other kind of abuse, are experienced by women, especially regarding sexual victimization within the category of those non-abused women that presented a lower level of tolerance. This finding led us to identify, as a major risk factor, those men and women with a high level of tolerance, who did not perceive themselves as having been abused.AECID (CYTED) AP/035718/1

Labeling dating abuse: Undetected abuse among Spanish adolescents and young adults

El Instituto de la Mujer en España matiza la existencia de mujeres adultas auto-percibidas como maltratadas y técnicamente maltratadas (la víctima soporta algún tipo de violencia sin atribuirle la etiqueta de maltrato). El objetivo del presente estudio ex post facto es verificar ambos tipos de maltrato y desarrollar alternativas de evaluación en parejas jóvenes. Para ello, se utilizó una combinación de 13 ítems conductuales y de una pregunta sobre percepción de maltrato (evaluaciones atómica y molecular, respectivamente). A través de las preguntas contenidas en el Cuestionario de Violencia de Novios (CUVINO), se realizaron dos estudios diferenciados con muestra de mujeres adolescentes y jóvenes escolarizadas. El primero de ellos (N = 709; M = 18,5 años) replicó la evaluación de maltrato técnico llevada a cabo por el Instituto de la Mujer, encontrando un 6,2% de maltrato percibido y un 71% de maltrato técnico. En un segundo estudio (N = 1.327; M = 18,5), se evaluó la concordancia entre percepciones generales (sentirse maltratada, sentir miedo y sentirse atrapada en la relación), encontrando un 5,8% de mujeres maltratadas, un 11,9% de atemorizadas y un 26,8% atrapadas en sus relaciones. Se discuten las implicaciones que las inconsistencias encontradas en ambos estudios pueden tener sobre los esfuerzos preventivos.The Instituto de la Mujer in Spain highlights the existence of adult women being abused both with and without self-labeling as victims (situations of perceived abuse and technically abuse, respectively). The aims of this ex post facto study are assessing the existence of both types of abuse, and developing an alternative evaluation instrument for young couples, mixing behavioral items and a question on abuse perception (atomic and molecular evaluations). Using questions included in the Cuestionario de Violencia de Novios (CUVINO) we carried out two studies with different samples of adolescent and young women in school. The first one (N = 709; M = 18.5 years) replied the study conducted by the Instituto de la Mujer, finding 6.2% of women self-labeled as abused and 71% being technically abused. The second study (N = 1,327; M = 18.5) evaluated the relationship among different general perceptions (feeling abused, afraid and trapped in dating relationships), finding 5.8% of self-labeled abused women, 11.9% of afraid women, and 26.8% of women trapped in their relationships. Implications that these inconsistencies may have on prevention efforts are discussed.Universidad de Ovied

Estudio exploratorio de relación entre la percepción de apoyo social instrumental y la modificación de roles familiares en mujeres con cáncer de mama

Objetivo: Explorar la relación entre las fuentes y el tipo de apoyo instrumental brindado a las mujeres con Cáncer de Mama (CM) con la modificación de roles y actividades cotidianas en las pacientes y sus allegados. Método: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo centrado en la etnografía de 9 pacientes con CM. A través del software MAXQDA v10, se hizo un análisis temático del discurso para posteriormente elaborar tablas cruzadas para el análisis de las variables en estudio. Resultados: Para estas mujeres, la familia nuclear constituye la principal fuente de apoyo instrumental, al mismo tiempo que son quienes suelen modificar más sus actividades cotidianas y roles sociales. Las mujeres con CM expresan dificultad para delegar principalmente actividades del hogar debido a 3 razones: la responsabilidad de madre, la sensación de utilidad y una ideología tradicional de género. Conclusiones: El impacto del cáncer en la mujer tiene consecuencias únicas, debido al papel central que ellas asumen en la vida familiar. Los movimientos funcionales, afectivos y relacionales que ocurren en la familia ante un diagnóstico de CM parece ser un hecho frecuente y de gran trascendencia, que ha sido poco estudiado en nuestra población. Estos aspectos deben ser considerados como un elemento importante en la comprensión y el soporte que se debe otorgar a las mujeres con CM y a sus familias

Lower Richness of Small Wild Mammal Species and Chagas Disease Risk

A new epidemiological scenario involving the oral transmission of Chagas disease, mainly in the Amazon basin, requires innovative control measures. Geospatial analyses of the Trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycle in the wild mammals have been scarce. We applied interpolation and map algebra methods to evaluate mammalian fauna variables related to small wild mammals and the T. cruzi infection pattern in dogs to identify hotspot areas of transmission. We also evaluated the use of dogs as sentinels of epidemiological risk of Chagas disease. Dogs (n = 649) were examined by two parasitological and three distinct serological assays. kDNA amplification was performed in patent infections, although the infection was mainly sub-patent in dogs. The distribution of T. cruzi infection in dogs was not homogeneous, ranging from 11–89% in different localities. The interpolation method and map algebra were employed to test the associations between the lower richness in mammal species and the risk of exposure of dogs to T. cruzi infection. Geospatial analysis indicated that the reduction of the mammal fauna (richness and abundance) was associated with higher parasitemia in small wild mammals and higher exposure of dogs to infection. A Generalized Linear Model (GLM) demonstrated that species richness and positive hemocultures in wild mammals were associated with T. cruzi infection in dogs. Domestic canine infection rates differed significantly between areas with and without Chagas disease outbreaks (Chi-squared test). Geospatial analysis by interpolation and map algebra methods proved to be a powerful tool in the evaluation of areas of T. cruzi transmission. Dog infection was shown to not only be an efficient indicator of reduction of wild mammalian fauna richness but to also act as a signal for the presence of small wild mammals with high parasitemia. The lower richness of small mammal species is discussed as a risk factor for the re-emergence of Chagas disease

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum