International NGOs in New York City: A Comparative Study

New York City is a global city, not just for its place in the global market, or for its role as an innovator of policy. This report indicates it should also be known for its significant contributions in the field of international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs). Using data collected from IRS Form 990 tax filings, this report creates the first comprehensive assessment of the INGO sector in NYC and demonstrates that New York City's INGO sector is not only a leader of the nationwide INGO sector, but it also reflects the city's unique history and diverse population

Smoking behaviour, involuntary smoking, attitudes towards smoke-free legislations, and tobacco control activities in the European Union

The six most important cost-effective policies on tobacco control can be measured by the Tobacco Control Scale (TCS). The objective of our study was to describe the correlation between the TCS and smoking prevalence, self-reported exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and attitudes towards smoking restrictions in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU27)

Experiencia de la Evaluación del programa "Atenció a la Gent Gran" en personas mayores de 65 años, frágiles y diagnosticadas de EPOC en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Sabadell

España será en el 2050 el país más envejecido del mundo. Este envejecimiento, gradual pero progresivo, de la población comporta a su vez un aumento de las enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas, de comorbilidad, de incapacidad y de dependencia para la realización de las actividades de la vida diaria tanto básicas como instrumentalizadas. De acuerdo con la estructura organizativa de los servicios socio-sanitarios en la mayoría de países, el nivel de atención más cercano al anciano es la Atención Primaria de Salud, por lo que será desde este ámbito desde donde deberán ponerse en marcha las oportunas estrategias que permitan la adecuación de los servicios a las necesidades generadas por el proceso de envejecimiento. Los estudios de evaluación debieran convertirse en la clave para el diseño de diferentes alternativas de prestación y gestión de servicios socio-sanitarios, de manera que sean los propios estudios quienes guíen y antecedan a la evolución de los servicios de manera que éstos puedan hacer frente a los cambios demográficos previstos. El objetivo a conseguir sería pues que el sistema de salud, por otro lado actualmente poco preparado para ello, se adecue a las características de sus clientes, y no a la inversa. Es en esta línea en la que se pretende desarrollar el presente estudio

Research of the state of flow in Physical Education for Primary

Alberto Blázquez Manzano. Universidad Camilo José CelaCristina Espigares Balboa. Universidad Camilo José CelaRecepción: 17.07.2018 | Aceptado: 5.12.2018Correspondencia a través de ORCID: Cristina Espigares - 0000-0002-8586-9391Nuestro trabajo se apoya en el estudio realizado por Castaño Pérez, Navarro Patón y Basanta Camiño (2015) “sobre el tipo de motivación que predomina en los escolares de Educación Primaria hacia la Educación Física”, en la tesis doctoral de Carrasco Beltrán, “las investigaciones sobre motivación autodeterminada y estado de flow en actividades físico deportivas” y con la tesis de Jiménez Torres, “experiencias del flow en niños y jóvenes: Influencias en distintos indicadores de rendimiento y bienestar”. Tenemos por objetivo analizar el estado del flujo durante actividades físicas y deportivas, en estudiantes de 6º de primaria. Método: realizamos un estudio cuantitativo, a través de un cuestionario para evaluar el estado de flow de los estudiantes, dividido en 38 ítems. Los resultados se obtienen a través del programa SPSS. Tras analizarlos y seleccionar los indicadores, mostraron que existe una correlación entre flujo y aprendizaje. Resultados: la comparación de las medias de las variables que correlacionan en el modelo muestra un resultado significativo (F2,47=44.735; p=0.0) y una posibilidad de réplica de un 39% (Beta). Las conclusiones: obtenidas se pueden sintetizar en que hay 2 variables predictoras de la auto-percepción: Sentimiento de Control y Automatización.Abstract: Our work is based on the study carried out by Castaño Pérez, Navarro Patón and Basanta Camiño (2015) "on the type of motivation that predominates in primary school students towards physical education", in the doctoral thesis of Carrasco Beltrán, "the research on self-determined motivation and state of flow in sports physical activities "and with the thesis of Jiménez Torres," experiences of flow in children and young people: Influences in different indicators of performance and well-being ".We aim to analyze the state of the flow during physical and sports activities, in 6th grade students. Method: we conducted a quantitative study, through a questionnaire to assess the flow state of the students, divided into 38 items. The results are obtained through the SPSS program. After analyzing them and selecting the indicators, they showed that there is a correlation between flow and learning. Results: the comparison of the means of the variables that correlate in the model shows a significant result (F2,47=44.735; p=0.0) and a replication possibility of 39% (Beta). The conclusions: obtained can be summarized in that there are 2 predictors of self-perception: Control Sentiment and Automation.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Psicología Social. Proyecto de Innovación Docente ReiDoCre

Investigación del estado de flow en educación física para Educación Primaria

Nuestro trabajo se apoya en el estudio realizado por Castaño Pérez, Navarro Patón y Basanta Camiño (2015) “sobre el tipo de motivación que predomina en los escolares de Educación Primaria hacia la Educación Física”, en la tesis doctoral de Carrasco Beltrán, “las investigaciones sobre motivación auto-determinada y estado de flow en actividades físico deportivas” y con la tesis de Jiménez Torres, “experiencias del flow en niños y jóvenes: Influencias en distintos indicadores de rendimiento y bienestar”. Tenemos por objetivo analizar el estado del flujo durante actividades físicas y deportivas, en estudiantes de 6º de primaria. Método: realizamos un estudio cuantitativo, a través de un cuestionario para evaluar el estado de flow de los estudiantes, dividido en 38 ítems. Los resultados se obtienen a través del programa SPSS. Tras analizarlos y seleccionar los indicadores, mostraron que existe una correlación entre flujo y aprendizaje. Resultados: la comparación de las medias de las variables que correlacionan en el modelo muestra un resultado significativo (F2,47=44.735; p=0.0) y una posibilidad de réplica de un 39% (Beta). Las conclusiones: obtenidas se pueden sintetizar en que hay 2 variables predictoras de la auto-percepción: Sentimiento de Control y Automatización

The role of middle managers in tobacco control after a national smoke-free hospital campus ban

Background: Much of the recent health services research on tobacco control implementation has explored general views and perceptions of health professionals and has rarely taken into account middle management's perspectives. We state that middle managers may facilitate the implementation of smoke-free campus bans and thereby improve their effectiveness. The aim of this study was to assess middle managers' behaviors to enforce a new national smoke-free hospital campus ban, to evaluate their perceptions of the level of compliance of the new regulation, and to explore their attitudes towards how smoking affects the work environment. Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey, conducted online to evaluate middle managers of a general hospital in Catalonia, Spain. Close-ended and open-ended questions were included. Results were analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative methods. The managers' open opinions to the proposed topics were assessed using UCINET, and a graph was generated in NetDraw. Results: Sixty-three of the invited managers (78.7 %) participated in the survey. 87.2 % of them agreed that the hospital complied with the smoke-free campus ban and 79.0 % agreed that managers have an important role in enforcing the ban. They also perceived that smoking disturbs the dynamics of work, is a cause of conflict between smokers and non-smokers, and harms both the professional and the organization images. However, 96.8 % of respondents have never given out fines or similar measures and their active role in reminding others of the policy was limited; in addition, 68.2 % considered that hospitals should provide tobacco cessation treatments. Smoker middle managers were more likely than non-smokers to perceive that smoking has little impact on work. Conclusions: Middle managers play a limited role in controlling tobacco consumption; smokers are less prone to think that smoking disturbs work dynamics than non-smokers. Tailored training and clear proceedings for middle managers could encourage more active roles

Secondhand smoke risk perception and smoke-free rules in homes: a cross-sectional study in Barcelona (Spain)

Objective: to describe the voluntary adoption of smoke-free homes in Spain among general population and to identify variables associated with its voluntary adoption. Methods: cross-sectional study of a representative sample (n=731) of the adult population (>26 years) of Barcelona, Spain, in 2013-2014. We defined smoking rules inside the households as complete indoor rules (when smoking was not allowed inside the house), and partial or absent indoor rules (when smoking was allowed in some designated places inside the house or when smoking was allowed everywhere) and described them according to the perceived risk of the secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. We calculated the prevalence and prevalence ratios (PR) according to sociodemographic variables. Results: 57.4% of households had complete indoor smoke-free rules. The prevalence of households with complete indoor rules was higher among women (PRa: 1.15; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33), married (PRa: 1.18; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.38), never-smokers (PRa: 2.68; 95% CI 2.06 to 3.50) and in households where a minor lived (PRa: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.20-1.65). Believe that breathing tobacco smoke from smokers is dangerous for non-smokers (PRa: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06-2.97) is associated with the voluntary adoption of complete indoor smoke-free home. Conclusions: risk perceptions of SHS exposure were associated with the voluntary adoption of indoor smoke-free homes

The Tobacco Control Scale as a research tool to measure country level tobacco control policy implementation

Introduction: The Tobacco Control Scale (TCS) was designed for advocacy purposes but has also been used as a research tool. In the present study, we characterized TCS use, its limitations and strengths, and critically assessed its use as a research instrument. Methods: We conducted an extensive search of the biomedical databases PubMed and Web of Science for the keyword 'tobacco control scale' in all fields. The search was limited to studies published in the period March 2006 to December 2019. Out of 69 hits, 32 studies met the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted information from each publication regarding their general characteristics, publication and research aspects, and the characteristics of the use of the TCS. Results: We found that researchers have used the TCS as a tool to monitor tobacco control policies mainly in cross-sectional observational studies with ecological and multilevel designs directed to advocacy and the promotion of further research. Different outcomes, such as smoking prevalence and quit ratios, have been associated with tobacco control policy scores. The main reported limitations of the TCS were a low variance across countries and a failure to express enforcement and to incorporate the most recent legislation. Conclusions: The TCS has been commonly used to assess differences in outcomes according to tobacco control policies. However, there are still areas for improvement in its use in research regarding the lack of comparability of TCS scores across time. The lessons that have been learned should be used to adapt and expand the TCS overseas

Structural, dermal and ungual characteristics of the foot in patients with type II diabetes

[Abstract] Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic and metabolic disease, considered as an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of podiatric pathology in type II diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: An observational descriptive study of prevalence in the endocrinology service of Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC) (A Coruña-Spain) was carried out (n = 153). Type II diabetic patients included, of legal age who signed the informed consent. Sociodemographic variables were studied (age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking habit, alcohol consumption, family history), disease variables (time of evolution of diabetes, treatments, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose), podiatric variables: measurement of the footprint, metatarsal and digital formula, nail, skin, hindfoot and forefoot alterations. The data collection was done in 2018 and the data analysis was carried out in 2019. Results: The patients with type II diabetes had greater age, obesity and arterial hypertension it compared to the general population. Diabetic patients had a higher prevalence of flat feet than the general population (71.2% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001), with a predominance of normal foot according to the podoscope. The predominant podological pathology was the presence of claw toes (94.8%), followed by dermal (78.4%) and nail (71.9%) alterations, and the Hallux Valgus (66.0%). The Clarke angle and the Chippaux index showed a Kappa concordance index of 0.26 with the type of footprint measured with the podoscope. The Staheli index showed a Kappa index of 0.27 associated with an observed agreement of 54%. Conclusions: This study shows that foot problems continue to be prevalent in subjects with type II diabetes mellitus and for this reason, podiatry is essential in its treatment

Podiatric skin and nail involvement and biomechanical pathology in renal transplant recipients: assessment of the foot as a contributing factor to their health

[Abstract] Although several studies show the prevalence of podiatric conditions in people with end-stage renal disease or renal replacement therapy with hemodialysis, there is little scientific literature on this when subjects are undergoing kidney transplantation. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of podiatric skin and nail pathology in renal transplant recipients. A descriptive, observational, prevalence study was conducted at the Nephrology Department of the University Hospital of A Coruña. A total of 371 subjects were studied. The variables studied were sociodemographic (age, sex), anthropometric (Body Mass Index), comorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index), and podological (skin and nail alterations). A high presence of skin (83.1%) and nail pathology (85.4%) was observed, with hyperkeratosis (68.8%), onychogryphosis (39.4%), and onychocryptosis (36.9%) being the most predominant alterations. Although it was not significant, patients with a higher risk of presenting podiatric pathology were of female sex and had a high BMI, and both age and the Charlson comorbidity index were significantly associated with this risk. There was an increased risk of both skin and nail pathology at older age and in the presence of diabetes mellitus