Does it matter where patent citations come from? Inventor versus examiner citations in European patents

patent, European, citations

The relative importance of home and host innovation systems in the internationalisation of MNE R&D: a patent citation analysis

host innovation systems, internationalisation, MNE, R&D

In-Service Reading Programs: Are They Relevant?

Colleges and universities are presently launching a broad-based attack on improving their pre-service programs in the teaching of reading. The need for such an attack was evidenced by the first Harvard Carnegie Study (1) which disclosed inadequacies in pre-service reading courses. This report also revealed the failure of colleges to provide for practical approaches to the teaching of reading by prospective teachers

Strategies for Dealing with the Growing Censorship Issue

Contrary to the First Amendment, there is a growing trend to ban certain books, magazines, and other reading material from American classrooms and libraries. Censorship has been on the rise for the past ten years and is escalating nationally. Kanewaha County, West Virginia; Idaho Falls, Idaho; and, Island Trees UFD on Long Island, New York, are just a few of the cities and towns that have censored books. The list is growing and the whole censorship issue is becoming a deep concern to librarians, school officials and school board members

A Look At Linguistic Readers

Linguistics, as it relates to reading, has generated much interest lately among educators. Although linguistics is not a new science, its recent focus has captured the interest of the reading specialist because both the specialist and the linguist are concerned with language

Professional Reading Development and the Evaluative Process: A Call to Action

The author selected two cities in each state (one small and one large) and sent a letter recently to the superintendents of schools in these cities, requesting information concerning their inservice offerings in reading and a copy of the evaluation document used in that city\u27s school district

Two Effective In-Service Reading Programs

In-service opportunities are given to secondary teachers in the New Haven public schools twice a month. On alternate Mondays students are released at 1 p.m., and teachers remain at their schools for in-service work. Such flexibility in scheduling permits the development of effective in-service education, and it is the purpose of this article to describe two programs in reading conducted recently in New Haven: one at the high school level and another at the middle school level