Proyecto de industria artesanal de hidromiel para la comercialización de 300 hl/anuales en el polígono industrial de Villadangos del Páramo (León) = Project of traditional mead industry for the marketing of 300 hl/year in the industrial state of Villadangos del Páramo (León)

El objetivo del presente proyecto es el diseño y cálculo de todos los elementos necesarios para llevar a cabo tres tipos de hidromiel tradicional: una natural, con las materias primas empleadas normalmente para la elaboración de la hidromiel; una lupulizada, la cual adquiere el amargor característico que proporciona el lúpulo; y una afrutada, empleando en este caso cereza deshidratada. Para ello, se diseña el proceso productivo y los estudios exigidos por la legislación, así como una evaluación económica para conocer la viabilidad del proyecto. La industria se encuentra emplazada en la parcela 33 del polígono industrial de Villadangos del Páramo (León), la cual presenta una superficie de 2.640 m2, de los cuales 322 m2 estarán ocupados por la futura construcción. La propiedad del proyecto corresponde a la promotora Mª Ángeles Barreiro Martínez. La capacidad productiva de la industria es de 300 hl/anuales, repartidos de forma equitativa entre los tres tipos de hidromiel, pudiendo variar en un futuro las cantidades en función de las exigencias del mercado. El tiempo estimado para llevar a cabo cada tipo de hidromiel es de cuatro meses aproximadamente. El edificio consta de una sola planta elaborada con pórticos de acero y con paneles sándwich para fachada, cubierta y tabiquería interior, esta última divide la zona administrativa, la cual cuenta con tienda, oficina, sala de catas, aseos/vestuarios, sala de caldera y laboratorio, con el área industrial, en la cual se recepcionan las materias primas, se lleva a cabo el proceso productivo y se almacena el producto final presentado en botellines de vidrio no retornables de 33 cl. La cimentación por su parte, es de zapata aislada y centrada de hormigón armado con vigas arriostradoras. La comercialización del producto principalmente será en la tienda de la misma fábrica y en las de la provincia, teniendo en cuenta que se quiere competir por la calidad del producto, lo que lo convierte en un producto gourmet. Posteriormente, en función de la aceptación del consumidor, se plantearía introducirlo en grandes superficies. El proyecto se ajusta a las normas y reglamentos que establece la legislación vigente

Dosificación y parámetros mecánicos de hormigón elaborados con áridos reciclados procedentes de planta gestora = Dosage and mechanical parameters of concrete made with recycled aggregates from the management plant

En este estudio se pretende determinar la viabilidad de realizar un hormigón con una sustitución del 100 % del árido grueso convencional por árido reciclado procedente de hormigón y compararlo con un hormigón convencional elaborado por los mismos métodos de dosificación y prácticamente mismos parámetros, teniendo en cuenta las diferencias en cuanto a comportamiento de ambos tipos de áridos. Además se pretende determinar la influencia de un aditivo superplastificante en otras amasadas de hormigón reciclado, comparándolas con un hormigón elaborado de igual forma pero sin la aplicación de dicho aditivo. Para finalizar, se busca llevar a cabo un hormigón no estructural, en este caso un hormigón de limpieza, con los mismos materiales y dosificación que en el anterior caso para determinar otro posible uso directo y más extendido del árido reciclado. Para poder realizar estas comparaciones, previa búsqueda bibliográfica, se han elaborado dos ensayos: por una parte uno elaborado en el hormigón fresco como es la medida de la consistencia, determinada en este caso con el cono de Abrams y un ensayo en el hormigón endurecido de rotura a compresión para determinar la calidad final del hormigón y, por lo tanto, del árido reciclado en el caso de las amasadas de hormigón reciclado, empleando los métodos de dosificación de Fuller, Bolomey, La Peña y Faury. Como principales resultados del presente estudio se obtiene que el hormigón reciclado ha conseguido buenos resultados de resistencia, demostrando así su calidad, pero con consistencias más bien secas debido principalmente a la absorción que presentan los áridos reciclados a consecuencia del mortero adherido en su estructura. En el caso del hormigón reciclado elaborado con superplastificante se ha demostrado cómo con relaciones agua/cemento inferiores consigue mejores valores de consistencia debido al aumento de agua efectiva, pero los resultados de las resistencias han sido malos determinando que se deberían de llevar a cabo más pruebas para poder verificar si el aditivo seleccionado no funciona de forma correcta. Finalmente para el hormigón estructural no se ha obtenido un buen resultado de consistencia a pesar de aumentar la relación agua/cemento y aunque la normativa no exige una resistencia mínima para este tipo de hormigones, el ensayo se llevó a cabo obteniendo malos resultados

Improved Organic Fertilisers Made from Combinations of Compost, Biochar, and Anaerobic Digestate: Evaluation of Maize Growth and Soil Metrics

[EN] Treated bio-residues can be used as biostimulants in crops within the circular economy approach to reduce the use of traditional fertilisers. In this work, we optimised the combination rates for three types of treated bio-residues (compost, biochar, and anaerobic digestate (AD)) in two microcosm trials, one with a combination of compost and biochar and other with biochar and AD. The crop used was maize, and the variables analysed were plant growth, and soil chemical and biological properties. The combination of bio-residues improved plant growth and soil biological activity to a greater extent than one product alone; that is, compost and biochar performed better than compost alone and biochar, and AD performed better than biochar alone. However, while the concentration in the plant biomass of several essential nutrients for crops increased in the treatments with compost and biochar, and with biochar and AD, compared to the untreated controls, the nitrogen concentration was reduced. This was due to the competition for nitrogen between the plant and the soil microbiome, whose activity was activated. Due to the importance of nitrogen in plant growth, the increase in biomass production could be explained not only by the higher availability of other nutrients but also by the plant-growth-promoting activity exerted by the more active soil microbiome. Further research should focus on validating this hypothesis and unravelling the mechanisms involved. From the environmental site, the presence of biochar in the mixtures of organic residues reduced the soil nitrogen at risk of lixiviation and sequestered carbon, which partially compensated for the increased CO2 emissions because labile forms of carbon were present in the remaining organic residues.S

Scaling-Up of the Production of Biochar from Olive Tree Pruning for Agricultural Use: Evaluation of Biochar Characteristics and Phytotoxicity

[EN] Due to the large acreage of olive trees in the Mediterranean basin, the biochar from olive tree pruning may become an important resource as part of circular economy strategies. However, so far, there is not much knowledge on whether the same characteristics are repeated in biochar once production is up-scaled to an industrial level. Accordingly, this study aimed to scale up the production of olive tree pruning biochar with three reactors (semi-pilot, pilot and industrial) to ascertain the production parameters that determine the characteristics of the obtained biochar and its possible toxicity to use in agriculture or environmental applications. First, the production conditions in the semi-pilot reactor were optimised by testing three temperatures (400, 500 and 600 °C), with the result that 600 °C was the optimal production temperature because of a high carbon content (70.88%), moderate pH (8.1), good carbon sink (R50 > 0.5) and low contents of PAHs (<6 mg/kg) and heavy metals, resulting in a phytostimulanting effect for all the crops studied. Then, the production was upscaled, using 600 °C as pyrolysing temperature. At the industrial scale, accurate temperature control is essential because when temperatures above 650 °C were reached, the biochar showed a pH above 11, resulting in severe phytotoxicity. The longer retention time of the material in the industrial pyrolysers improved the carbon stability and, therefore, the biochar’s role as a carbon sink. Consequently, it was proven that it is possible to produce olive tree pruning biochar adequate for agriculture and environmental applications with large-scale equipment, and the two most important factors needing control are the temperature and retention time.SIThis research was co-funded by the research project “Desarrollo de fertilizantes avanzados a partir de subproductos del olivar y bioestimulantes microbianos” (BIFEROLIVA) [IDI-20191225] co-funded by Cortijo de Guadiana S.A. and CDTI (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation)

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics' resources: focus on curated databases

The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (www.isb-sib.ch) provides world-class bioinformatics databases, software tools, services and training to the international life science community in academia and industry. These solutions allow life scientists to turn the exponentially growing amount of data into knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of SIB's resources and competence areas, with a strong focus on curated databases and SIB's most popular and widely used resources. In particular, SIB's Bioinformatics resource portal ExPASy features over 150 resources, including UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ENZYME, PROSITE, neXtProt, STRING, UniCarbKB, SugarBindDB, SwissRegulon, EPD, arrayMap, Bgee, SWISS-MODEL Repository, OMA, OrthoDB and other databases, which are briefly described in this article

Executive summary of the SEPAR recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

The Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology groups of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) have backed the publication of a handbook on recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Due to the high incidence and mortality of this disease, the best scientific evidence must be constantly updated and made available for consultation by healthcare professionals.To draw up these recommendations, we called on a wide-ranging group of experts from the different specialties, who have prepared a comprehensive review, divided into 4 main sections. The first addresses disease prevention and screening, including risk factors, the role of smoking cessation, and screening programs for early diagnosis. The second section analyzes clinical presentation, imaging studies, and surgical risk, including cardiological risk and the evaluation of respiratory function. The third section addresses cytohistological confirmation and staging studies, and scrutinizes the TNM and histological classifications, non-invasive and minimally invasive sampling methods, and surgical techniques for diagnosis and staging. The fourth and final section looks at different therapeutic aspects, such as the role of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, a multidisciplinary approach according to disease stage, and other specifically targeted treatments, concluding with recommendations on the follow-up of lung cancer patients and surgical and endoscopic palliative interventions in advanced stages. (C) 2016 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present