La historia en la universidad

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What do we know about poverty in North Korea?

Reliable quantitative information on the North Korean economy is extremely scarce. In particular, reliable income per capita and poverty figures for the country are not available. In this contribution, we provide for the first time estimates of absolute poverty rates in North Korean subnational regions based on the combination of innovative remote-sensednight-time light intensity data (monthly information for built areas) with estimated income distributions. Our results, which are robust to the use of different methods to approximatethe income distribution in the country, indicate that the share of persons living in extreme poverty in North Korea may be larger than previously thought. We estimate a poverty rate for the country of around 60% in 2018 and a high volatility in the dynamics of income at the national level in North Korea for the period 2012–2018. Income per capita estimates tend to decline significantly from 2012 to 2015 and present a recovery since 2016. The subnational estimates of income and poverty reveal a change in relative dynamics since the second half of the 2012–2018 period. The first part of the period is dominated by divergent dynamics inincome across regions, while the second half reveals convergence in regional income

FIRST RECORD OF THE MOUSTACHED PUFFBIRD Malacoptila mystacalis (BUCCONIDAE) IN ECUADOR

We present the first Ecuadorian record of Moustached Puffbird Malacoptila mystacalisbased on observations, supported by photographs, videos and audio recordings, of four individuals at El Chical, northwest Carchi province. This record represents a southwards range extension in northern South America. We describe the habitats where two pairs where found in the Dracula Reserve, discuss distinctive field marks and analyze vocalizations, characteristics to separate from White-whiskered Puffbird M. panamensis,withwhich it might overlap in the lowlands and foothills. This record is not entirely unexpected given the collection of specimens in Ricaurte and Guayacana, Nariño Department, Colombia, only 39.5 km north of El Chical.Presentamos el primer reporte de Buco Bigotudo Malacoptila mystacalis en Ecuador a partir del registro de cuatro individuos en El Chical, noroccidente de la provincia de Carchi y la obtención de evidencia fotográfica, vídeo y grabación de vocalizaciones. Este registro representa una ampliación hacia el sur de su rango de distribución en el norte de Sudamérica. Describimos los hábitats donde encontramos dos parejas en la reserva Drácula, señalamos las marcas distintivas de campo y analizamos sus vocalizaciones, características que la diferencian del Buco Bigotiblanco M. panamensis, con la cual puede traslaparse en las tierras bajas y estribaciones. Este registro no es del todo inesperado dada la colección de especímenes en Ricaurte y Guayacana, departamento de Nariño, Colombia, apenas 39,5 km al norte de El Chical

The creative response of energy-intensive industries to the Emissions Trading System in the European Union

There is a broad consensus on the contribution of the so-called eco-innovations to the sustainability transition of economic activity and on the power of policy instruments to redirect innovation towards solving environmental challenges over time. However, despite remarkable academic efforts in this direction, there is a shortage of studies empirically analysing the link between environmental policy and innovation activities. Using firm-level data gathered from the Community Innovation Surveys of two specific years, 2008 and 2014, from eleven European countries, we apply a difference-in-difference approach to provide a clear-cut test of the effects of Phase III of the EU's Emissions Trading System on low-carbon innovations of energy-intensive firms. Our results suggest that environmental policy may affect firms' environmental performance by improving eco-innovating efforts. In fact, the new environmental policy not only induced an adaptive response, in which firms adjust their level of emissions to this new cost scheme, it also induced a creative response, leading companies to move outside of the range of their existing practice

Information and Knowledge Valuation using the Information Theory and Informative Matrices

For a more concrete analysis of the quantification of knowledge, one must normalize the quantification of data and information. One must, without entering into excessive detail, resort to the information theory, recognizing three features that data, information and knowledge have in common: weight, content and quantity. The following article is an introduction to and conceptualization, in the light of the Information Theory (IT), of the quantification of information and knowledge by means of informative matrices and a normalization valid for every IT organization. Key words: Data, information, knowledge, informative quantity, informative weight, informative content, informative matrix, information theory, generate

Comparative Analysis of Greedy Pursuits for the Order Reduction of Wideband Digital Predistorters

This paper provides a review of greedy pursuits for optimizing Volterra-based behavioral models structure and estimating its parameters. An experimental comparison of the digital predistortion (DPD) linearization performance achieved by these approaches for model-order reduction, such as compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP), subspace pursuit (SP), orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP), and the novel doubly OMP (DOMP), is presented. A benchmark of the techniques in the DPD of a commercial class AB power amplifier (PA) and a class J PA operating over a 15-MHz Long-Term Evolution (LTE) signal is presented, giving a clear overview of their pruning characteristics in terms of linearization indicators and regressor selection capabilities. In addition, the benchmark is run in a cross-validation scheme by identifying the DPD with a 30-MHz 5G-new radio (NR) signal and validating with the same signal and a 20-MHz multicarrier wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) signal. The DOMP is shown to be a promising technique since it achieves an enhanced model-order reduction for a similar linearization performance and precision

A bivariate volterra series model for the design of power amplifier digital predistorters

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy-Efficient Wireless Communication Systems)The operation of the power amplifier (PA) in wireless transmitters presents a trade-off between linearity and power efficiency, being more efficient when the device exhibits the highest nonlinearity. Its modeling and linearization performance depend on the quality of the underlying Volterra models that are characterized by the presence of relevant terms amongst the enormous amount of regressors that these models generate. The presence of PA mechanisms that generate an internal state variable motivates the adoption of a bivariate Volterra series perspective with the aim of enhancing modeling capabilities through the inclussion of beneficial terms. In this paper, the conventional Volterra-based models are enhanced by the addition of terms, including cross products of the input signal and the new internal variable. The bivariate versions of the general full Volterra (FV) model and one of its pruned versions, referred to as the circuit-knowledge based Volterra (CKV) model, are derived by considering the signal envelope as the internal variable and applying the proposed methodology to the univariate models. A comparative assessment of the bivariate models versus their conventional counterparts is experimentally performed for the modeling of two PAs driven by a 30 MHz 5G New Radio signal: a class AB PA and a class J PA. The results for the digital predistortion of the class AB PA under a direct learning architecture reveal the benefits in linearization performance produced by the bivariate CKV model structure compared to that of the univariate CKV model.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación TEC2017-82807-PFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regiona

Presencia de Franklin Pease

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Kit camper modular y autoinstalable para plataforma Vito - Clase V de Mercedes Benz.

Este proyecto consiste en el diseño de un kit camper modular y autoinstalable apto para las furgonetas comerciales con la plataforma Vito o Clase V del fabricante de vehículos alemán Mercedes Benz. En este proyecto, se busca abordar el objeto del mismo aplicando la metodología del Diseño Industrial, recorriendo diferentes fases, basadas en la investigación, la ideación y el desarrollo de propuestas, hasta alcanzar una solución coherente e innovadora que responda a las necesidades del usuario.<br /