In vivo import of plastocyanin and a fusion protein into developmentally different plastids of transgenic plants

Transgenic tomato plants that constitutively express a foreign plastocyanin gene were used to study protein transport in different tissues. Normally expression of endogenous plastocyanin genes in plants is restricted to photosynthetic tissues only, whereas this foreign plastocyanin protein is found to be present in all tissues examined. The protein is transported into the local plastids in these tissues and it is processed to the mature size. We conclude that plastids of developmentally different tissues are capable of importing precursor proteins that are normally not found in these tissues. Most likely such plastids, though functionally and morphologically differentiated, have similar or identical protein import mechanisms when compared to the chloroplasts in green tissue

Additional file 4: of Fcγ receptor-mediated influx of S100A8/A9-producing neutrophils as inducer of bone erosion during antigen-induced arthritis

NIMPR14- and F4/80-positive cells in the infiltrate and exudate in the joints of FcγRI,II,III−/− mice and their WT controls. Representative photomicrographs of (a) NIMPR14 and (b) F4/80 staining showing neutrophils and macrophages in the infiltrate and exudate of the knee joints of FcγRI,II,III−/− mice and their WT controls at day 7 after induction of antigen-induced arthritis. Original magnification ×400 for infiltrate and ×200 and ×400 for exudate. (PDF 401 kb

Additional file 2: of FcÎł receptor-mediated influx of S100A8/A9-producing neutrophils as inducer of bone erosion during antigen-induced arthritis

Gating strategy for flow cytometric analysis. Gating strategy for flow cytometric analysis used to identify CD11bposLy6Chigh and CD11blow/negLy6Chigh osteoclast precursor populations. First, single cells were selected. For identification of CD11bposLy6Chigh monocytes, cells negative for CD90.2, CD45R/B220, CD49b, NK1.1, and Ly6G and positive for CD11b were selected (gate A). Subsequently, cells were back-gated for side scatter and forward scatter to exclude cells with high granulosity (gate B), and finally Ly6Chigh cells were selected (gate C). For identification of CD11blow/negLy6Chigh, after exclusion of CD90.2-, CD45R/B220-, CD49b-, NK1.1-, Ly6G-positive cells (gate D), cells were gated for their expression of CD11b and Ly6C (CD11Blow/negLy6Chigh) (gate E). (PDF 299 kb

Additional file 3: of Fcγ receptor-mediated influx of S100A8/A9-producing neutrophils as inducer of bone erosion during antigen-induced arthritis

NIMPR14- and F4/80-positive cells in the infiltrate and in the exudate in the joints of FcγRI,II,III,IV−/− mice and their WT controls. Representative photomicrographs of (a) NIMPR14 and (b) F4/80 staining showing neutrophils and macrophages in the infiltrate and exudate of the knee joints of FcγRI,II,III,IV−/− mice and their WT controls at day 7 after induction of antigen-induced arthritis. Original magnification ×400 for infiltrate and ×200 and ×400 for exudate. (PDF 422 kb

Additional file 1: of Fcγ receptor-mediated influx of S100A8/A9-producing neutrophils as inducer of bone erosion during antigen-induced arthritis

Graphical representation of bone erosion scoring method and quantification of noncartilage collagenous tissue and proteoglycan (PG) depletion. a Graphical representation of the 13 locations along the patella, femur, tibia, and cruciate ligament where bone erosion was scored. b Quantification of the noncartilage collagenous tissue (blue staining in Safranin O/Fast Green staining) in femur and tibia showed no differences between naive FcγRI,II,III,IV−/− and wild-type (WT) mice. ns Not significant. c Quantification of PG depletion showed a significant decrease at the tibiofemoral area in the joints of FcγRI,II,III,IV−/− mice as compared with their WT controls (n = 10 and 14 joints per group, respectively) at both 7 and 21 days after AIA induction. Scatterplots are shown, with horizontal and vertical lines showing mean ± SEM values. ns Not significant. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 versus WT controls. (PDF 437 kb