From Numbers to Knowledge : A Social Network Analysis of Information Sharing and Trust in a Family Medicine Network

The IMPLICIT Network consists of 20 family residencies located across the Eastern United States. Ten of these residencies are actively implementing the IMPLICIT ONE Project, which provides pregnant women with health interventions associated with a decrease in preterm rates and/or birth of low birth weight infants. Each site tracks its intervention rates and enters performance information into an online database accessible to the organization that leads the network

Yield and quality responses of summer annual grasses to different management regimes

Sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and improved pearlmillets (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke) produce large amounts of forage in summer when most cool season forage crops have slowed production. To determine some plant and environment characteristics and the extent of cultivar x management interaction over a broad spectrum of managements, four summer annual grass cultivars were subjected to 19 different defoliation frequency and stubble height managements at Knoxville, Tennessee in 1976 and 1977. The cultivars were Chowmaker 235, Sweet Sioux III, FS-531 sorghum-sudangrass hybrids, and Millhy 99 pearlmillet. The plots were sidedressed with nitrogen (N) twice during the summer and two samples were taken at each harvest, one large one to determine DM production, and a smaller one for determination of leaf area, dry weights of representative parts, meristem heights, N content and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). Predictive models were developed for yield at each harvest, regrowth per day (kg/ha/day), total N percent and IVDMD. Quality, morphological characteristics, and quantity of DM produced varied with year, management, and cultivar. The sorghum-sudangrass hybrids outyielded the pearlmillet when harvested later than the 90-cm height, but high quality and similar yields (10 metric tons/ha) were obtained when harvested at 90 cm. When cut at 90 cm, stubble heights of 15- or 8-cm had no effect on yields or IVDMD, and resulted in similar N content. However, a 90-cm harvest cut to 15— or 8-cm stubble before a boot or early bloom harvest resulted in greater season yields for Chowmaker than for Sweet Sioux. Generally, Chowmaker performed best when cut to 15-cm stubble, and Sweet Sioux when cut to 8—cm stubble, when the stage of growth at harvest was earlier than the boot stage. The pre-boot, boot or early bloom harvests were delayed by a previous 90-cm harvest for all cultivars, and N content sometimes was increased. A previous 50-15 cm harvest before an early bloom or boot harvest delayed the early bloom and boot harvests of FS—531, but did not delay those of the other sorghum-sudangrass hybrids and pearlmillet. These had greater N content as a consequence of the previous cut. The first pre-boot stage harvest of Sweet Sioux following a 50-15 cm harvest also had a larger N percent than the first pre-boot harvest of plants managed \u27PB-15\u27. Material harvested at more mature or taller stages of growth were low in total N percent but relatively high in IVDMD. The number of days since March 1, average plant height and the number of days during regrowth all were important predictors of harvested yields, daily regrowth, total N and IVDMD. These four dependent variables were increased as the number of days during growth increased, except for the daily regrowth in the Chowmaker model. As average plant height at harvest increased, yields and daily regrowth increased, but N percent and IVDMD generally decreased. The number of days of regrowth generally increased yields and decreased all the other dependent variables. Chowmaker plants performed best when growth before the boot stage was cut to 15-cm stubble. The performance of plants generally was related to rainfall, and many of the managements studied were suitable. Management \u2750-15, EB-8, 75-15\u27 was favorable for quality and yield. Sweet Sioux plants performed best when growth was cut to 8 cm, and the dependent variables were related not only to the three independent variables listed above, but also cumulative rainfall and temperature. The number of days of regrowth was related to all the dependent variables for FS-531. FS-531 plants yielded more than other cultivars when allowed to reach taller stages. In addition to the number of days since March 1, the number of days for regrowth, and average plant height, leaf area of the stubble also were important in the Millhy models. This cultivar was not responsive to management

Aerodynamic characteristics of a hypersonic research airplane concept having a 70 deg swept double-delta wing at Mach number 0.2

A wind-tunnel of the static longitudinal, lateral and directional stability characteristics of a hypersonic research airplane concept having a 70 deg swept double-delta wing was conducted in the Langley low-turbulence pressure tunnel. The configuration variables included wing planform, tip fins, center fin, and scramjet engine modules. A mach number of 0.2 was investigated over a Reynolds number (based on fuselage length) range of 2,200,000 to 19.75 x 1,000,000 (with a majority of tests at 10.0 x 1,000,000. Tests were conducted through an angle-of-attack range from about -2 deg to 34 deg at angles of sideslip of 0 deg to 5 deg, and at elevon deflection of 0 deg, -5 deg, -10 deg, -15 deg, and -20 deg. The drag coefficient of the integrated scramjet engine appears relatively constant with Reynolds number at the test Mach number of 0.2. Mild pitch-up was exhibited by the models equipped with tip fins. The forward delta, a highly swept forward portion of the wing, was destabilizing. The center fin model has a higher trimmed maximum lift-drag ratio and a wider trim lift and angle-of-attack range than the tip fin model. Both the tip fin models and center fin models exhibited positive dihedral effect and positive directional stability. Roll control was positive for the tip fin model, but yaw due to roll control was unfavorable

The SNS Cryogenic Control System: Experiences in Collaboration

The cryogenic system for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) is designed by Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) personnel and is based on the existing JLab facility. Our task is to use the JLab control system design [2] as much as practical while remaining consistent with SNS control system standards. Some aspects of the systems are very similar, including equipment to be controlled, the need for PID loops and automatic sequences, and the use of EPICS. There are differences in device naming, system hardware, and software tools. The cryogenic system is the first SNS system to be developed using SNS standards. This paper reports on our experiences in integrating the new and the old.Comment: 3 page

Noise reduction in a Mach 5 wind tunnel with a rectangular rod-wall sound shield

A rod wall sound shield was tested over a range of Reynolds numbers of 0.5 x 10 to the 7th power to 8.0 x 10 to the 7th power per meter. The model consisted of a rectangular array of longitudinal rods with boundary-layer suction through gaps between the rods. Suitable measurement techniques were used to determine properties of the flow and acoustic disturbance in the shield and transition in the rod boundary layers. Measurements indicated that for a Reynolds number of 1.5 x 10 to the 9th power the noise in the shielded region was significantly reduced, but only when the flow is mostly laminar on the rods. Actual nozzle input noise measured on the nozzle centerline before reflection at the shield walls was attenuated only slightly even when the rod boundary layer were laminar. At a lower Reynolds number, nozzle input noise at noise levels in the shield were still too high for application to a quiet tunnel. At Reynolds numbers above 2.0 x 10 the the 7th power per meter, measured noise levels were generally higher than nozzle input levels, probably due to transition in the rod boundary layers. The small attenuation of nozzle input noise at intermediate Reynolds numbers for laminar rod layers at the acoustic origins is apparently due to high frequencies of noise

Directing Selectivity of Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Plasmonics

Catalysts for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction in aqueous electrolytes suffer from high energy input requirements, competition with hydrogen evolution from water reduction, and low product selectivity. Theory suggests that plasmonic catalysts can be tuned to selectively lower the energy barrier for a specific reaction in a set of competitive reactions, but there has been little experimental evidence demonstrating plasmon-driven selectivity in complicated multielectron electrochemical processes. Here, the photoactivity at a plasmonically active silver thin film electrode at small cathodic potentials selectively generates carbon monoxide while simultaneously suppressing hydrogen production. At larger cathodic potentials, the photoactivity promotes production of methanol and formate. Methanol production is observed only under illumination, not in dark conditions. The preference of the plasmonic activity for carbon dioxide reduction over hydrogen evolution and the ability to tune plasmonic activity with voltage demonstrates that plasmonics provide a promising approach to promote complex electrochemical reactions over other competing reactions

Correlations of supersonic boundary-layer transition on cones including effects of large axial variations in wind-tunnel noise

Transition data on sharp tip cones in two pilot low disturbance wind tunnels at Mach numbers of 3.5 and 5 were correlated in terms of noise parameters with data from several conventional wind tunnels and with data from supersonic flight tests on a transition cone. The noise parameters were developed to account for the large axial variations of the free stream noise and the very high frequency noise spectra that occurred in the low disturbance tunnels for some test conditions. The noise could be varied in these tunnels from high levels, approaching those in conventional tunnels, to extremely low levels. The correlations indicated that transition in the low disturbance tunnels was dominated by the local stream noise that was incident on the cone boundary layer unstream of the neutral stability point. The correlation results also suggested that high frequency components of the low disturbance tunnel noise spectra had significant effects on transition when the noise was incident on the boundary layer both upstream and downstream of the neutral stability point

Retinal projections in tyrosinase-negative albino cats

Journal ArticleRetinal projections were examined in two tyrosinase-negative albino cats using autoradiographic techniques. Cats from this colony have pink eyes; their retinal pigment epithelium, ciliary body, and iris epithelium are completely devoid of melanin pigment. Test breeding for five generations indicates that these cats are true albinos (cc). The most striking feature of the albino cats' visual pathways was a reduction in ipsilateral input which was more severe than that reported for Siamese cats. The only evidence of ipsilateral input to the laminated dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the albino was a small lateral normal segment and a small projection to the lateral portion of lamina C1. Ipsilateral projections to the medial interlaminar nucleus, retinal recipient zone of the pulvinar complex, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus, and pretectum also were reduced. Ipsilateral projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus appeared to be normal in the albino cats studied. Our findings indicate that, compared to the normal cat as well as to the tyrosine-positive Siamese cat, the tyrosinase-negative albino has reduced ipsilateral retinal projections. The albino cat is a model system analogous to tyrosinase-negative albinism found in mammals