ITO/InP solar cells: A comparison of devices fabricated by ion beam and RF sputtering of the ITO

This work was performed with the view of elucidating the behavior of indium tin oxide/indium phosphide (ITO/InP) solar cells prepared by RF and ion beam sputtering. It was found that using RF sputter deposition of the ITO always leads to more efficient devices than ion beam sputter deposition. An important aspect of the former technique is the exposure of the single crystal p-InP substrates to a very low plasma power prior to deposition. Substrates treated in this manner have also been used for ion beam deposition of ITO. In this case the cells behave very similarly to the RF deposited cells, thus suggesting that the lower power plasma exposure (LPPE) is the crucial process step

InP materials/cell fabrication

The main points of discussion, conclusions and recommendations of a workshop on InP materials and cell fabrication are given. The importance of assessing the quality of p-Inp crystals supplied by different vendors, back contacts to solar cells, junction formation, energy conversion efficiency, testing for radiation resistance, and future develpments were among the topics discussed

Identification and sequence determination of a novel double-stranded RNA mycovirus from the entopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassina

The final publication is available at Springer via https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-014-2332-8.An isolate of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana was found to contain five double-stranded (ds) RNA elements ranging from 1.5 to more than 3 kbp. The complete sequence of the largest dsRNA element is described here. Analysis of the RdRp nucleotide sequence reveals its similarity to unclassified dsRNA elements, such as Alternaria longipes dsRNA virus 1, and its distant relationship to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of members of the family PartitiviridaePeer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Reform of the Law of Evidence in Criminal Cases

Events surrounding the recent proposals for the reform of the English law of evidence in criminal cases may be thought to afford a cautionary tale, indicating the wrong way to engage in public debate upon such matters. In 1964, the Home Secretary asked the Criminal Law Revision Committee to review the law of evidence in criminal cases. Before its Report1 was published (some eight years later), and, indeed, before the Home Secretary had himself received it, there occurred a flood of critical comment in the Press and on radio and television, and questions in Parliament, on what were thought (not altogether accurately) to be the main recommendations about to be made. Those very critics who had thus jumped the gun then proceeded to blame the Committee itself for what had happened, on the ground that its work had not been sufficiently \u27open\u27 to the public. This seems to be less than fair to the Committee, since its task was publicised in the Press and in Parliament and the public were invited to comment; the Committee consulted those bodies likely to be interested and obtained the assistance of experts from overseas (among whom Professors Edwards, Friedland and Tollefson of Canada are mentioned in the Report)

Acts of the Apostles: edifying discourse or historical narrative

Intro. and Chapter 1. The reputation of Luke-Acts has varied greatiy. It has been acclaimed as a work of the highest historical value by some, and dismissed as tendentious and unreliable by others. Recent study has emphasised that the author was an original theologian, and has suggested that his theological concerns meant more to him than the recording of historical facts.Chapter 2. : J.C. O'Neill has claimed that Luke was a contemporary of Justin martyr, and the first of the Christian apologists. We dissent from this late dating, but find value in his comparison of Acts with Hellenistic Jewish missionary literature.Chapter 3. : The book of Acts is compared and contrasted with the books of Maccabees, the letter of Aristeas, and certain writings of Philo.The author, while holding to theological principles, is found to be concerned to present a record of fact.Chapter 4. : We consider traditions about the earliest church recorded in Acts 1-5» with conflict­ing estimates of their reliability. Adopting Erich Auerbach's distinction between saga and history, we conclude that the author has attempted to deal, as an historian, with material some of which reached him in the form of saga.Chapter 5 : The enigmatic figure of Stephen is studied, together with the Hellenists who appear in chapter 6. We conclude that Stephen was a real historical figure and that the speech in Acts 7 reflects something of his views.We consider attempts to link Stephen with the Samaritans and the community at Qumran.Chapter 6 : Paul is a key figure in Acts. Should the Paul of Acts be compared or contrasted with the Paul we meet in his letters? We argue , against Professor J. Knox, that Acts is a source of much reliable information about Paul, and that Acts and the Pauline letters are complementary to each other.Chapter 7 : Recent study has tended to the conclusion that the author of Acts had few, if any, written sources. We consider the 'Itinerary' theory - that he used a travel-document giving a list of Paul's stopping-place.Chapter 8 : We consider various forms of the 'Antiochsource' theory - that the author made use of a written record produced within the church at Antioch. It is argued that if written sources cannot be precisely identified, this does not mean that the author had none at all.Chapter 9 : The speeches of the books of Acts areconsidered. We discuss the attitude of ancient authors to the composition of speeches in historical writing. The speeche attributed to Peter and Paul are considered It is concluded that they do not simply represent the theological views of the author. He has used source material of various kinds to present the thoughts, if not the precise words, of the apostles.Chapter 10 : The speeches of the books of Acts areconsidered. We discuss the attitude of ancient authors to the composition of speeches in historical writing. The speeche attributed to Peter and Paul are considered It is concluded that they do not simply represent the theological views of the author. He has used source material of various kinds to present the thoughts, if not the precise words, of the apostles

Fieldwork in Victoria

In January this year, Richard Wright and Robert Glenney conducted excavations at Lancefield to try and determine whether the extinct marsupial fauna found in the lake deposits were associated with man

Victorian Relics Office

Description of functions and role of the Victoria State Relics Office

High-efficiency heteroepitaxial InP solar cells

High-efficiency, thin-film InP solar cells grown heteroepitaxially on GaAs and Si single-crystal bulk substrates are being developed as a means of eliminating the problems associated with using single-crystal InP substrates. A novel device structure employing a compositionally graded Ga(x)In(1-x)As layer between the bulk substrate and the InP cell layers is used to reduce the dislocation density and improve the minority carrier properties in the InP. The structures are grown in a continuous sequence of steps using computer-controlled atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (APMOVPE). Dislocation densities as low as 3 x 10(exp 7) sq cm and minority carrier lifetimes as high as 3.3 ns are achieved in the InP layers with this method using both GaAs or Si substrates. Structures prepared in this fashion are also completely free of microcracks. These results represent a substantial improvement in InP layer quality when compared to heteroepitaxial InP prepared using conventional techniques such as thermally cycled growth and post-growth annealing. The present work is is concerned with the fabrication and characterization of high-efficiency, thin-film InP solar cells. Both one-sun and concentrator cells were prepared for device structures grown on GaAs substrates. One-cell cells have efficiencies as high as 13.7 percent at 25 C. However, results for the concentrator cells are emphasized. The concentrator cell performance is characterized as a function of the air mass zero (AM0) solar concentration ratio and operating temperature. From these data, the temperature coefficients of the cell performance parameters are derived as a function of the concentration ratio. Under concentration, the cells exhibit a dramatic increase in efficiency and an improved temperature coefficient of efficiency. At 25 C, a peak conversion efficiency of 18.9 percent is reported. At 80 C, the peak AM0 efficiency is 15.7 percent at 75.6 suns. These are the highest efficiencies yet reported for InP heteroepitaxial cells. Approaches for further improving the cell performance are discussed

Moving change to the top of the agenda – learning from the on-ground decision-makers.

This paper draws on innovation decision-making theory and a number of extension research and evaluation projects in which the authors have participated to explore the pathway to practice change and how it can be influenced. It suggests that a major factor influencing the rate of adoption, is the ability of decision-makers to ‘play’ with the new approach and so make a decision based on confidence that it will work for them. The authors build on a number of papers on decision-making which describe the stages through which people move in the adoption process. Reference is made to authors who overlay these stages with the capacity and motivation for change – and the impact of contextual factors such as structural changes in agriculture, available finances, farm size and climate. The findings are pulled together in a tabulated checklist to guide project teams in ways that best foster play – and hence more rapid applicable adoption of innovations. It is concluded that providing the best information on its own is rarely enough - providing space to play with that information is critical if adoption is to be accelerated

Magnetically Mediated Transparent Conductors: In2_2O3_3 doped with Mo

First-principles band structure investigations of the electronic, optical and magnetic properties of Mo-doped In$_2$O$_3$ reveal the vital role of magnetic interactions in determining both the electrical conductivity and the Burstein-Moss shift which governs optical absorption. We demonstrate the advantages of the transition metal doping which results in smaller effective mass, larger fundamental band gap and better overall optical transmission in the visible -- as compared to commercial Sn-doped In$_2$O$_3$. Similar behavior is expected upon doping with other transition metals opening up an avenue for the family of efficient transparent conductors mediated by magnetic interactions