Penetração intratubular de cimentos endodônticos

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of penetration of four endodontic sealers (Endo Fill, Sealapex, AH Plus and Pulp Canal Sealer) into dentinal tubules. Seventy-two extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were utilized in this study. The teeth were cleaned and shaped by means of the balanced-forces technique. The work length was established at 1 mm beyond the apex. Copious irrigation with 10 ml of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite was carried out. The teeth were divided in 8 groups - 4 had the smear layer maintained, and 4 had it removed. The smear layer was removed with a commercial solution of 17% EDTA, and the root canal system was flushed for 3 min. Finally, the roots were irrigated with 3 ml of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. All teeth were sealed by means of the technique of the condensation wave with a medium nonstandardized cone. After filling, the roots were grooved, longitudinally split and examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The focus of observation was the interface between the dentin and the sealing material. The Rickert sealer (Pulp Canal) presented the maximum penetration depths into the dentinal tubules, and Sealapex, the minimum. The Spearman test was used to determine whether there were significant differences between the groups. The removal of smear layer allowed significant penetration of the sealers (pEste estudo foi desenvolvido para avaliar a capacidade de penetração de diferentes cimentos endodônticos (Endo Fill, Sealapex, AH Plus e Pulp Canal Sealer) nos túbulos dentinários em dentes devidamente modelados e obturados. Foram utilizados 72 incisivos centrais superiores, os quais foram instrumentados no sentido coroa-ápice pela técnica de forças balanceadas. O comprimento de trabalho foi estabelecido a 1 mm do ápice radicular. Durante a limpeza e modelagem, todos os dentes foram irrigados com 10 ml de hipoclorito de sódio a 5,25%. Os dentes foram divididos em 4 grupos, sendo 1 para cada tipo de cimento. Estes grupos foram então subdivididos em função do uso ou não de EDTA a 17% previamente à obturação dos canais radiculares, para a remoção da lama dentinária. Todos os dentes foram obturados pela técnica da onda de condensação com cone médio calibrado. Após obturação, as raízes foram seccionadas no sentido mésio-distal e foi escolhida a secção de melhor qualidade visual. Estas foram então analisadas em microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), sendo o foco de observação sempre a interface dentina/material obturador. Após obtenção das imagens, mensurou-se os prolongamentos dos cimentos para o interior dos túbulos dentinários. O cimento de Rickert (Pulp Canal Sealer) apresentou a maior capacidade de penetração nos túbulos dentinários, sendo os piores resultados apresentados pelo grupo em que se utilizou o Sealapex. Os resultados foram avaliados estatisticamente pelo teste de Spearman, o qual mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante (

Analysis of the film thickness of a root canal sealer following three obturation techniques

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise quantitativa da espessura da linha de cimento endodôntico formada por três técnicas de obturação. Trinta incisivos centrais superiores humanos foram selecionados e acessados de modo convencional. Uma lima nº 15 K-Flexofile foi usada para a verificação da patência foraminal e para determinação do comprimento de trabalho, que foi estabelecido a 1 mm aquém do forame apical. Os canais foram preparados até a lima nº 45. Hipoclorito de sódio a 5,25% foi usado durante toda a instrumentação. Os dentes foram divididos em 3 grupos e obturados pelos seguintes critérios: G1 - condensação lateral; G2 - compressão hidraúlica e G3 - onda de condensação. Os dentes foram seccionados e analisados nos terços cervical, médio e apical. A espessura do filme de cimento foi determinada por um processo semi-automático de análise e processamento digital de imagens realizado no software KS 400. O tratamento estatístico foi realizado com teste de Wilcox, que revelou diferenças significantes entre G3 e G1 e entre G3 e G2, sendo p £ 0,05. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre G1 e G2. De um modo geral, a compressão hidraúlica (G2) e condensação lateral (G1) revelaram uma maior espessura do filme de cimento. A menor espessura do filme de cimento obtida pela técnica de onda de condensação tende a melhorar a performance clínica dessa técnica em relação às outras testadas.The aim of this study was to obtain a quantitative analysis of the film thickness of a root canal sealer formed after filling by three different techniques. Thirty human maxillary incisors were selected and access cavities were prepared using high-speed diamond stones and water spray. A size #15 K-Flexofile was introduced in the canal of each specimen until it was seen just at the apical foramen. The working length was determined to be 1 mm short of that position and the canals were prepared to an apical size of #45 K-Flexofile. Copious irrigation with 5.25% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) was used during and after instrumentation. The samples were divided into three groups and obturated as follows: G1 - lateral condensation, G2 - lateral condensation with an accessory cone, and G3 - continuous wave of condensation. The samples were evaluated in the cervical, middle and apical thirds. The film thickness of the root canal sealer was measured through a microscopic evaluation. Statistical analysis was obtained using the Wilcox test. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between G3 and G1, G3 and G2 (p < 0.05). In general, the lowest film thickness was observed in the continuous wave of condensation (G3). Lateral condensation with an accessory cone (G2) and lateral condensation (G1) demonstrated poorer results in this study, showing a higher film thickness. The small film thickness of the sealer obtained by the continuous wave of condensation technique may increase the clinical performance of this technique

Surgical alternative for treatment of vertical root fracture: A case report

Vertical root fracture (VRF) has been a great challenge in dentistry; most fractures often result in tooth extraction. Inflammation of tissues around the fractured root is the main reason for tooth extraction. Based on the strategic importance of some fractured teeth, treatment may be necessary and often complicated. However, performing a proper repair or even splinting the fractured segments may result in tooth preservation. Accordingly, in this case we report a new method for fractured tooth preservation. The surgical exposition of the fracture tooth was carried out through the radicular portion of the element via ultrasonic preparation, filling with composed resin and a synthetic hydroxyapatite graft. All these were performed around the tooth which received five sections of low-power laser. The patient was followed for two years with no signs or symptoms of inflammation and gingival recession. In conclusion, the used treatment protocol could be considered as a promising approach for VRF treatment, especially in cases where there is advanced or moderate bone loss in the surrounding sites of the fractured tooth

Coronal leakage of four intracanal medications after exposure to human saliva in the presence of a temporary filling material

<b>Aim:</b> To determine the time required for the recontamination of root canals medicated with four different materials. <b> Materials and Methods:</b> A total of 60 intact, caries-free, human single-rooted teeth with straight roots were selected for this study. After chemo-mechanical preparation they must be changed in the specimens into seven groups: 10 teeth medicated with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂₎ &#x002B; Camphorated paramonochlorophanol (CPMC) (G.1); 10 medicated with 2.5&#x0025; Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL) (G.2); 10 medicated with 2&#x0025; Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) in gel (G.3); 10 medicated with 2&#x0025; CHX in gel &#x002B; Ca(OH)₂ (G.4); 10 without intracanal medicament and sealed with a coronal temporary filling (G.5). Five teeth were without intracanal medicament and coronally unsealed, used as the positive control group (PC) (G.6) and 5 teeth with intact crowns used as the negative control group (NC) (G.7). Glass vials with rubber stoppers were adjusted for use. The medicaments were prepared and injected into the root canals using sterile plastic syringes. An apparatus was used to evaluate for 30 days leakage. The chamber was filled with 3 ml of human saliva and Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, incubated at 37&#x00B0;C and checked daily for the appearance of turbidity in the BHI broth. <b> Results:</b> Recontamination was detected after an average time of 2.6 days in group 2, 15.9 days in group 3, 30 days in group 1, 27.6 days in group 4, 2.9 days in group 5, 1 day in the positive control, and there was no contamination in the negative control group. <b>Conclusion</b> : The NaOCl group showed the highest worst average of recontamination; on the other hand, high averages were also shown by Ca(OH)₂ &#x002B; CPMC and Ca(OH)₂ &#x002B; 2&#x0025; CHX in gel

Influence of the filling technique on depth of tubular penetration of root canal sealer: a scanning eletron microscopy study

The purpose of this study was to compare the depth of tubular dentinal penetration of sealer in three filling techniques. Seventy two teeth maxillary central incisors were instrumented and randomly divided in three groups A, B and C and obturated as following: A: lateral condensation; B: single cone technique and C: warm vertical compaction of guttapercha. Each sample was sectioned longitudinally and prepared for SEM analysis. The results revealed a depth of tubular penetration varying from 19 to 81mm, presenting an average post of 34 ± 16mm for G1; 26 to 101mm, presenting an average post of 44 ± 28mm for G2 and 22 to 188mm, presenting an average post of 67 ± 37mm for G3. A non-parametric ANOVA Kruskall-Wallis was used to determine whether there were significant differences among the groups, which identified significant differences between G3 and G1 (P = 0.021) and between G3 and G2 (P = 0.009). There were no significant differences between G1 and G2 (P> .05). The samples filled by warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha presented significantly deeper tubular sealer penetration than lateral condensation and single cone techniques

Influence of the filling technique on depth of tubular penetration of root canal sealer: a scanning eletron microscopy study

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Evaluation Of Photodynamic Therapy Using A Diode Laser And Different Photosensitizers Against Enterococcus Faecalis.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been proven to be effective in disinfecting root canals. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the effects of PDT on the viability of Enterococcus faecalis using methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) as photosensitizers. Solutions containing E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) were prepared and harvested by centrifugation to obtain cell suspensions, which were mixed with MB and MG. Samples were individually irradiated by the diode laser at a distance of 1mm for 30, 60, or 120 seconds. Colonyforming units (CFU) were determined for each treatment. PDT for 60 and 120 seconds with MG reduced E. faecalis viability significantly. Similar results were obtained when MB was used as photosensitizer. PDT using MB and MG have antibacterial effect against E. faecalis, showing potential to be used as an adjunctive antimicrobial procedure in endodontic therapy.2763-

Preliminary investigation to achieve patency of MB2 canal in maxillary molars

Aim: To establish a preliminary investigation about the possibility to achieve patency of second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in mesiobuccal roots of maxillary molars. Methods: Three hundred and five first maxillary molars were examined with direct vision and with magnification. The root canal configurations were classified according to the possibility to achieve patency in MB2 canals. Clearing technique was also performed to illustrate root canal anatomy and verify the presence of extra canals not identified with magnification. Results: The prevalence of MB2 canals detected only with direct vision was 53.4% and the use of the surgical operating microscope increased rate detection to 90.7%. The clearing technique revealed the presence of MB2 canal in 12 more teeth (94.7%). In 49.1% of the localized MB2 canals, it was not possible to achieve patency. Conclusions: The findings of the presented study revealed that it was only possible to achieve patency in 50.9% of the MB2 canals, showing that achieve patency in the MB2 canal is much more challenging than locating them

A computer evaluation of the dentin remaining after cervical preparation in curved canals: gates-glidden drills vs. orifice shaper

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