Fundraising Guide : A Resource for Philanthropists

This guide has been created to help answer the following question: how can a philanthropist fundraise?It has therefore been built with philanthropists in mind. Philanthropists that might:- have their own foundation for which they wish to secure additional support- have a particular passion and wish to mobilise their networks to co-donate with them in a particular project, geographic location, or theme- have an (un)official role with a third party organisation for whom they wish to leverage fundin

Approximation, Reduktion und Regelextraktion:Semantikbeschreibung für neuronale Netze

Die Dissertation befasst sich mit der Problemstellung, aus einem mehrschichtigen Neuronalen Feedforward-Netz, das für die Außenwelt als Black Box wirkt, eine semantische Beschreibung zu extrahieren. Als Form dieser Beschreibung des Netz-Verhaltens dient die Struktur einer Regelbasis bestehend aus IF-THEN-Regeln. Hierbei steht das Ziel im Vordergrund, eine möglichst allgemeine Methodik der Regelextraktion zu entwickeln, so dass die resultierenden Verfahren flexibel eingesetzt werden können. Diese zentralen Aspekte der Arbeit sind die Approximation der Sigmoiden durch die Rampenfunktion, die Reduktion der Neuronenanzahl in der verborgenen Schicht (bei dreischichtigen Feedforward-Netzen) sowie die Extraktion von Regeln aus einem Neuronalen Netz. Diese drei Bausteine - die Approximation, die Reduktion und die Regelextraktion - können nun verschiedentlich miteinander kombiniert werden

Методичні вказівки до виконання розрахунково-графічної роботи з дисципліни «Підвищення екологічної безпеки систем питного водопостачання» (для студентів 5 курсу денної і заочної форм навчання освітньо-кваліфікаційного рівня «магістр» спеціальності 192 – Будівництво та цивільна інженерія, спеціалізації (освітньої програми) «Раціональне використання і охорона водних ресурсів»).

Veritati Catholicae : Festschr. für Leo Scheffczyk zum 65. Geburtstag / hrsg. von Anton Ziegenaus ... - Aschaffenburg : Pattloch, 1985. - 762 S

Coding variants in NOD-like receptors: An association study on risk and survival of colorectal cancer

Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are important innate pattern recognition receptors and regulators of inflammation or play a role during development. We systematically analysed 41 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 21 NLR genes in a Czech discovery cohort of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) (1237 cases, 787 controls) for their association with CRC risk and survival. Five SNPs were found to be associated with CRC risk and eight with survival at 5% significance level. In a replication analysis using data of two large genome-wide association studies (GWASs) from Germany (DACHS: 1798 cases and 1810 controls) and Scotland (2210 cases and 9350 controls) the associations found in the Czech discovery set were not confirmed. However, expression analysis in human gut-related tissues and immune cells revealed that the NLRs associated with CRC risk or survival in the discovery set were expressed in primary human colon or rectum cells, CRC tissue and/or cell lines, providing preliminary evidence for a potential involvement of NLRs in general in CRC development and/or progression. Most interesting was the finding that the enigmatic development-related NLRP5 (also known as MATER) was not expressed in normal colon tissue but in colon cancer tissue and cell lines. Future studies may show whether regulatory variants instead of coding variants might affect the expression of NLRs and contribute to CRC risk and survival

The role of CSF1R-dependent macrophages in control of the intestinal stem cell niche

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) controls the growth and differentiation of macrophages.CSF1R signaling has been implicated in the maintenance of the intestinal stem cell niche and differentiation of Paneth cells, but evidence of expression of CSF1R within the crypt is equivocal. Here we show that CSF1R-dependent macrophages influence intestinal epithelial differentiation and homeostasis. In the intestinal lamina propria CSF1R mRNA expression is restricted to macrophages which are intimately associated with the crypt epithelium, and is undetectable in Paneth cells. Macrophage ablation following CSF1R blockade affects Paneth cell differentiation and leads to a reduction of Lgr5 intestinal stem cells. The disturbances to the crypt caused by macrophage depletion adversely affect the subsequent differentiation of intestinal epithelial cell lineages. Goblet cell density is enhanced, whereas the development of M cells in Peyer's patches is impeded. We suggest that modification of the phenotype or abundance of macrophages in the gut wall alters the development of the intestinal epithelium and the ability to sample gut antigens