Crise de l'Etat et territoires de la crise au Mali

ISSN 1963-1197 Texte intégral à l'adresse : http://echogeo.revues.org/13374Cet article porte sur les dimensions territoriales de la crise sociopolitique et territoriale que traverse le Mali depuis le coup d'état militaire intervenu en mars 2012. L'actualité malienne est dominée par une crise sans précédent dans l'histoire du pays, profonde et complexe. Malgré une décentralisation innovante, les tensions récurrentes, dont les origines remontent à la colonisation, entre les sociétés locales et le pouvoir central persistent dans ce pays qui était pourtant devenu ces vingt dernières années " un bon élève " de la démocratisation. L'objectif de cet article est de reconsidérer la relation entre pouvoir et territoire, au prisme des découpages successifs du territoire national. Comment expliquer l'éclatement interne du pays et la mise à mal de l'unité nationale ? Quelles sont les raison pour lesquelles l'État s'est effondré sur lui-même

Crise de l’État et territoires de la crise au Mali

Cet article porte sur les dimensions territoriales de la crise sociopolitique et territoriale que traverse le Mali depuis le coup d’état militaire intervenu en mars 2012. L’actualité malienne est dominée par une crise sans précédent dans l’histoire du pays, profonde et complexe. Malgré une décentralisation innovante, les tensions récurrentes, dont les origines remontent à la colonisation, entre les sociétés locales et le pouvoir central persistent dans ce pays qui était pourtant devenu ces vingt dernières années « un bon élève » de la démocratisation. L’objectif de ce texte est de reconsidérer la relation entre pouvoir et territoire, au prisme des découpages successifs du territoire national. Comment expliquer l’éclatement interne du pays et la mise à mal de l’unité nationale ? Quelles sont les raison pour lesquelles l’État s’est effondré sur lui-même ?This article focuses on the territorial dimensions of the socio-political and territorial crisis in Mali since the military coup took place in March 2012. Mali's news is dominated by an unprecedented crisis in the country's history, deep and complex. Despite innovative decentralization, recurrent tensions, whose origins date back to colonization between local societies and the central government persist in this country though it was now the last twenty years a "good student" of democratization. The objective of this paper is to reconsider the relationship between power and territory, through the prism of successive divisions of the national territory. How to explain the collapse of the country house and the undermining of national unity? What are the reason why the state has collapsed on itself

Concordance of vaccination status and associated factors with incomplete vaccination: a household survey in the health district of Segou, Mali, 2019

Introduction: the region of Segou recorded 36.8% of children were incompletely vaccinated in 2018. In 2019, the district of Segou was one of the districts with the lowest vaccination coverage in the region, with 85.1% coverage for the three doses of the pentavalent vaccine and 85.4% for the measles vaccine. This study was initiated to better understand this low vaccination coverage, in the absence of specific studies on vaccination coverage in the district of Segou. Methods: a prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2020 with 30 clusters. We performed Kappa coefficient, bivariate, and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: findings showed that 18.46% (101/547) [15.44-21.93] of children were incompletely vaccinated. Mothers correctly reported the vaccination status of their children in 67.30% of cases (Kappa coefficient). Uneducated (OR[IC95%]=2.13[1.30-3.50]), living in rural area (OR[IC95%]=2.07[1.23-3.47]), lack of knowledge of Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) target diseases (OR[IC95%]=2.37[1.52-3.68]), lack of knowledge of vaccination schedule (OR[IC95%]=3.33[1.90-5.81]) and lack of knowledge of the importance of vaccination (OR[IC95%]=3.6[2.35-6.32]) were associated with incomplete vaccination. In multivariate analysis, uneducated (ORa[IC95%>]=1.68[1.004-2.810]) and lack of knowledge of the importance of vaccination were associated with incomplete vaccination (ORa[IC95%]=3.40[2.049-5.649]). Conclusion: findings showed a good concordance of the vaccination status. Living in a rural area, no education, lack of the knowledge of EPI target diseases, lack of the knowledge of vaccination schedule and lack of knowledge of the importance of vaccination were associated with incomplete vaccination

Migration et fabrique des territoires de la coopération au Mali

International audienceThis paper focuses on the involvement of migrants in decentralized cooperation in Mali. We focus singularly on Malian migrants in France who participate in such cooperation to carry out projects for their villages, communes of origin. Individually, migrants transfer funds to their families left behind. Collectively, some migrants gather in various associations to carry out actions that enable to improve living conditions in their place of origin. This associative commitment gradually leads migrants to interact with institutional actors (including local authorities) in the original/reception areas. Manufactures and territories of cooperation emerge from this networking of actors. The aim of our communication is to explain the construction process of these territories of cooperation as regards the place of origin of migrants.Cette communication porte sur l’implication des migrants dans la coopération décentralisée au Mali. Nous nous intéressons singulièrement aux migrants maliens en France qui participent à cette forme de coopération pour réaliser des projets destinés à leurs villages, communes d’origine. Individuellement, les migrants transfèrent des fonds destinés à leurs familles restées sur place. Collectivement, certains migrants se regroupent au sein d’associations pour mener des actions qui permettent une amélioration des conditions de vie dans les communautés locales. Cet engagement associatif les conduit progressivement à agir avec les acteurs institutionnels (dont les collectivités territoriales) dans les lieux d’origine/d’accueil. Une fabrique des territoires de la coopération émerge ainsi de cette mise en réseau des acteurs. Notre communication consiste à expliquer ce processus de fabrique des territoires de la coopération qui concerne le lieu d’origine des migrants

Coopération décentralisée et stratégies de légitimation des collectivités territoriales et associations de migrants pour le développement local au Mali

La littérature récente sur les gouvernements locaux accorde de plus en plus d’intérêt au processus d’internationalisation et aux pratiques transnationales des acteurs du développement (Viltard, 2009). C’est à partir de la fin des années 1990 qu’on observe un intérêt croissant de la recherche pour l’engagement international des gouvernements locaux en direction de l’Afrique. Cet intérêt s’explique en grande partie par la vague de décentralisation qui s’est opérée de manière successive dans les..

Crise de l’État et territoires de la crise au Mali

This article focuses on the territorial dimensions of the socio-political and territorial crisis in Mali since the military coup took place in March 2012. Mali's news is dominated by an unprecedented crisis in the country's history, deep and complex. Despite innovative decentralization, recurrent tensions, whose origins date back to colonization between local societies and the central government persist in this country though it was now the last twenty years a "good student" of democratization. The objective of this paper is to reconsider the relationship between power and territory, through the prism of successive divisions of the national territory. How to explain the collapse of the country house and the undermining of national unity? What are the reason why the state has collapsed on itself

Coopération décentralisée et stratégies de légitimation des collectivités territoriales et associations de migrants pour le développement local au Mali

International audienc

Transfer of nitrogen by migratory birds in the African-Western Eurasian Flyways

Migrating animals are known to play an important role in nutrient transfer over short distances; however, this phenomenon has not been well studied for long-distance migrants. In this preliminary study, we focused on nitrogen (N) transfer by 44 bird species that migrate from Eurasia to two regions in sub-Saharan Africa that fall into the lowest 10% quantile of global N-deposition (mean annual deposition ≤ 10.44 mg/m2/year). We estimated the number of birds that die during the non-breeding season in these areas and then used N content and species-specific mass values to calculate annual N-deposition rates. For these two areas of low N-deposition, we found that bird mortality contributed 0.2 – 1.1% of total nitrogen deposition, which is a relatively small proportion. Therefore, we conclude that nitrogen transfer by long-distance bird migrants using the East Atlantic Flyway and the West Asian-East African Flyway currently has limited impact on the sub-Saharan nitrogen cycle. However, it is worth noting that this impact may have been more important in the past due to larger bird populations and lower background N-deposition (i.e., less anthropogenic impact)

Relationship between patient sex and anatomical sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Mali

Background: Contribution of host factors in mediating susceptibility to extrapulmonary tuberculosis is not well understood. Objective: To examine the influence of patient sex on anatomical localization of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in Mali, West Africa. Hospital records of 1,304 suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, available in TB Registry of a tertiary tuberculosis referral center from 2019 to 2021, were examined. Results: A total of 1,012 (77.6%) were confirmed to have extrapulmonary tuberculosis with a male to female ratio of 1.59:1. Four clinical forms of EPTB predominated, namely pleural (40.4%), osteoarticular (29.8%), lymph node (12.5%), and abdominal TB (10.3%). We found sex-based differences in anatomical localization of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, with males more likely than females to have pleural TB (OR: 1.51; 95% CI [1.16 to 1.98]). Conversely, being male was associated with 43% and 41% lower odds of having lymph node and abdominal TB, respectively (OR: 0.57 and 0.59). Conclusion: Anatomical sites of extrapulmonary tuberculosis differ by sex with pleural TB being associated with male sex while lymph node and abdominal TB are predominately associated with female sex. Future studies are warranted to understand the role of sex in mediating anatomical site preference of tuberculosis