123 research outputs found
Effects of zinc supplementation on cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults: the ZENITH study
A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled design was employed to investigate the effects of Zn supplementation on cognitive function in 387 healthy adults aged 55â87 years. Several measures of visual memory, working memory, attention and reaction time were obtained using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery at baseline and then after 3 and 6 months of 0 (placebo), 15 or 30 mg Zn/d. Younger adults (70 years), and performance improved with practice on some measures. For two out of eight dependent variables, there were significant interactions indicating a beneficial effect (at 3 months only) of both 15 and 30 mg/d on one measure of spatial working memory and a detrimental effect of 15 mg/d on one measure of attention. Further work is required to establish whether these findings generalise to older adults in poorer mental and physical health and with less adequate Zn intake and status than the present sample
Etude de lâeffet dâun rĂ©gime riche en huile de palme sur lâexpression gĂ©nĂ©tique des facteurs myogĂ©niques
Un niveau Ă©levĂ© d'acides gras saturĂ©s (AGS) dans le sang a un effet dĂ©lĂ©tĂšre sur les muscles squelettiques en inhibant Ă la fois la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration des fibres musculaires et la synthĂšse des protĂ©ines musculaires. Du fait de sa richesse en AGS, lâhuile de palme est controversĂ©e. Cette Ă©tude avait pour objectif dâĂ©tudier lâeffet dâun rĂ©gime riche en huile de palme (brute et raffinĂ©e) sur lâexpression des facteurs myogĂ©niques dans le muscle de rats sĂ©dentaires et le comparer avec un rĂ©gime riche en huile dâolive et en Lard. Quarante rats mĂąles Wistar ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©partis en 5 groupes de 8 rats chacun : 1 groupe tĂ©moin et 4 groupes nourris par des rĂ©gimes riches en graisse (HFD) contenant respectivement de lâhuile de palme brute, de lâhuile de palme raffinĂ©e, de lâhuile dâolive et du lard. AprĂšs 12 semaines de rĂ©gime, les rats ont Ă©tĂ© sacrifiĂ©s et les tissus prĂ©levĂ©s L'expression de Pax7, Myf5, MyoD et MyoG a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e par RT-qPCR dans les muscles gastrocnĂ©miens. Aucune diffĂ©rence significative nâa Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e entre rĂ©gime tĂ©moin et HFD concernant les expressions de Pax7, Myf5 et MyoG. Lâexpression de MyoD sâest avĂ©rĂ©e significativement plus Ă©levĂ©e dans les animaux HFD (p=0,0004) par rapport au tĂ©moin ; en particulier dans le rĂ©gime riche en huile dâolive par rapport aux autres rĂ©gimes HFD (p=0,05). Aucune altĂ©ration significative de lâexpression des gĂšnes des facteurs de rĂ©gulation myogĂ©nique nâa Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e avec lâhuile de palme sous ses 2 formes, brute et raffinĂ©e. En conclusion, lâhuile de palme, malgrĂ© sa richesse en AGS, nâa pas dâeffet dĂ©lĂ©tĂšre sur la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration du muscle squelettique.Mots clĂ©s : RĂ©gime riche graisses, muscle squelettique, Pax7, Myf5, MyoD, MyoG
Modulation de la teneur en cardiolipine hépatique, un facteur majeur de l'activité mitochondriale, suite à l'administration d'un régime obésigÚne chez le rat
Modulation de la teneur en cardiolipine hépatique, un facteur majeur de l'activité mitochondriale, suite à l'administration d'un régime obésigÚne chez le rat. 17. CongrÚs du Groupe Français de Bioénergétiqu
Modulation de la teneur en cardiolipine hépatique, un facteur majeur de l'activité mitochondriale, suite à l'administration d'un régime obésigÚne chez le rat
Modulation de la teneur en cardiolipine hépatique, un facteur majeur de l'activité mitochondriale, suite à l'administration d'un régime obésigÚne chez le rat. 17. CongrÚs du Groupe Français de Bioénergétiqu
EFFETS DES GLUCIDES COMPLEXES NON DIGESTIBLES SUR LA BIODISPONIBILITE DES MINERAUX (ETUDES PARTICULIERES DU RHAMNOGALACTURONANE II ET DES FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES (DOCTORAT))
CLERMONT FD-BCIU-Santé (631132104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF
The Dietary Total-Fat Content Affects the In Vivo Circulating C15:0 and C17:0 Fatty Acid Levels Independently.
Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) have been described as dietary biomarkers of dairy-fat consumption, with varying degrees of reliability between studies. It remains unclear how the total amount of dietary fat, representing one of the main confounding factors in these biomarker investigations, affects C15:0 and C17:0 circulating concentrations independent of their relative intake. Additionally, it is not clear how changes in the dietary total-fat affects other fatty acids in circulation. Through two dietary studies with different total-fat levels but maintaining identical fatty acid compositions, we were able to see how the dietary total-fat affects the fatty acids in circulation. We saw that there was a statistically significant, proportionate, and robust decrease in the endogenous C15:0 levels with an increase in dietary total-fat. However, there was no significant change in the circulating C17:0 concentrations as the total-fat increased. To conclude, the dietary total-fat content and fat-type have a very complex influence on the relative compositions of circulating fatty acids, which are independent of the actual dietary fatty acid composition. Knowing how to manipulate circulating C15:0 and C17:0 concentrations is far-reaching in nutritional/pathological research as they highlight a dietary route to attenuate the development of metabolic disease (both by reducing risk and improving prognosis)
Potential favourable health effects of some dietary uncommon fatty acids
International audienceIn addition to the major fatty acids widely studied, our diet contains many bioactive fatty acids less frequently investigated such as n-3 docosapentaenoic acidâ(n-3 DPA), natural trans fatty acids, conjugated fatty acidsâ(CLAs), furan fatty acidsâ(FuFAs), branched chain fatty acidsâ(BCFAs) and fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acidsâ(FAHFAs). Many of them may have beneficial health effects, particularly in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation and metabolic disorders such as diabetes. This review aims to give a brief overview of the current knowledge on these lipids. Thus, information about biosynthesis, food and tissue content, daily intake, biological and potential health effects of these fatty acids is provided.ParallĂšlement aux acides gras prĂ©pondĂ©rants qui sont largement Ă©tudiĂ©s, notre alimentation contient de nombreux acides gras bioactifs moins frĂ©quemment considĂ©rĂ©s tels que lâacide docosapentaĂ©noĂŻque n-3â(n-3 DPA), des acides gras trans naturels, des acides gras conjuguĂ©sâ(CLAs), des acides gras furaniques (FuFAs), des acides gras Ă chaĂźne ramifiĂ©eâ(BCFAs) et des esters dâacides gras hydroxylĂ©sâ(FAHFAs). Nombreux dâentre eux peuvent avoir des effets bĂ©nĂ©fiques sur la santĂ©, notamment dans la prĂ©vention des maladies cardiovasculaires, de lâinflammation et des troubles mĂ©taboliques tels que le diabĂšte. Cette revue vise Ă donner un bref aperçu des connaissances actuelles sur ces lipides. Ainsi, des informations sur la biosynthĂšse, les teneurs tissulaires et dans les aliments, lâapport alimentaire quotidien, les effets biologiques et les effets santĂ© potentiels de ces acides gras sont rapportĂ©s
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The Dietary Total-Fat Content Affects the <em>In Vivo</em> Circulating C15:0 and C17:0 Fatty Acid Concentrations Independently to the Dietary Fatty Acid Compositions; Highlighting Dietary Routes that may Attenuate the Development of Metabolic Disease
Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) have been described as dietary biomarkers of dairy-fat consumption with varying degrees of reliability between studies. It remains unclear how the total amount of dietary fat; one of the main confounding factors in these biomarker investigations, affects C15:0 and C17:0 circulating compositions independently to their relative intake. Additionally, it is unknown how changes in the dietary total-fat affects other fatty acids in circulation. Through two dietary studies with different total-fat levels but maintaining individual fatty acid compositions we were able to see how the dietary total-fat affects the fatty acids in circulation. We saw that there was a significant, proportionate, and robust decrease in the endogenous C15:0 levels with an increase in dietary total-fat. However, there was an increase in the circulating C17:0 compositions as the total-fat increased. To conclude, the dietary total-fat content and fat-type have a very complex influence on the relative compositions of circulating fatty acids, which are independent to the actual dietary fatty acid composition. Knowing how to manipulate circulating C15:0 and C17:0 composition is far-reaching in nutritional/pathological research as they highlight a dietary route to attenuate the development of metabolic disease (both by reducing risk and improving prognosis)
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