Simone Signoret 1921 - 1985: the star as sign - the sign as scar

1995-01-01

Influencia del portainjerto sobre la arquitectura del racimo y composición de la fruta y el vino, en Vitis vinífera cv. Merlot

39 p.Debido a que en nuestro país es poca la experiencia en el uso de portainjertos en Vitis vinífera L, producto de la ausencia de filoxera (Dactylosphaera vitifoliae), plaga que impulso el uso de vides injertadas en gran parte del mundo sobre patrones tolerantes, se realizó un ensayo en la temporada 2011 en la zona de Marchigüe, Sexta Región de Chile, con el objetivo de determinar la influencia sobre la arquitectura del racimo y la composición química de la fruta y el vino, en vides cv. Merlot, injertadas sobre los portainjertos Gravesac, 3309 Couderc (3309C), Selección Oppenheim nº 4 (SO4), 101-14 Millardet et De Grasset (101-14 Mgt.), 99 Richter (99R), 110 Richter (110R) y 1103 Paulsen (1103P). Se realizaron análisis químicos de los racimos a cosecha, evaluando la concentración de ácido málico y tartárico, pH, sólidos solubles y acidez total. La fruta de las plantas injertadas y el control (vides sin injertar) presentaron diferencias significativas en las variables ácido málico, sólidos solubles y acidez total. Por otro lado, a los racimos se les evaluó el largo y ancho, peso total del racimo, peso del raquis, número de bayas, y peso promedio de una bayas. La única variable que no presentó diferencias significativas entre los racimos del control y los racimos de las plantas injertadas, fue el ancho de racimo. En cuanto al rendimiento, estimado como kilos por planta, se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el control y las plantas injertadas. El portainjerto SO4 duplicó el rendimiento obtenido por el control. Los racimos fueron vinificados y a cada vino se les realizó un análisis químico, evaluando el pH, acidez total y contenido de alcohol. Todas las variables mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los vinos control y los vinos de los portainjertos. Estas diferencias también fueron perceptibles por un panel sensorial especializado. Con las variables químicas y físicas de los racimos y químicas de los vinos, se realizó un análisis de componentes principales, el cual permitió agrupar a los portainjertos de acuerdo al vigor que presentan por literatura./ABSTRACT: Due to the fact that in our country there is limited experience in the use of rootstocks in Vitis vinifera L, by the absence of phylloxera (Dactylosphaera vitifoliae), a pest that force the use of grafted vines on tolerant rootstocks in many parts of the world, a trial was conducted in the Marchigüe area, Sixth Region of Chile, in the 2011 season, in order to determine the influence of rootstock on the bunch architecture and chemical composition of the fruit and wine, of cv. Merlot grafted on Gravesac, 3309 Couderc (3309C), Selection Oppenheim No. 4 (SO4) Millardet et De Grasset 101-14 (101-14 Mgt.), 99 Richter (99R), 110 Richter (110R) and 1103 Paulsen (1103P). Chemical analysis of bunches at harvest were performed, evaluating the concentration of malic and tartaric acid, total acidity, pH and soluble solids. The fruit of grafted plants and control (un grafted vines) showed significant differences in malic acid soluble solids and total acidity variables. On the other hand, the clusters were evaluated throughout, total bunch weight, weight rachis, number of berries, and average weight of berries. The only variable that showed no significant differences between the control clusters and clusters of grafted plants was the total bunch weight. The yield, estimated as kilos per plant, showed significant differences between control and grafted plants. The rootstock SO4 doubled the yield obtained by the control. The grapes were vinified and each wine were subject to chemical analysis, assessing the pH, total acidity and alcohol content. All variables showed statistically significant differences between control and rootstocks wines. These differences were also noticeable by a trained sensory panel. With the chemical and physical variables of the bunch, and chemical variables of the wines, a principal component analysis was performed, which allowed grouping the observations according to the rootstocks vigor described in the literature

Βιβλιοκρισία:O. DELOUIS – A. COUDERC – P. GURAN (επιμ.), Héritages de Byzance en Europe du Sud-Est à l’époque moderne et contemporaine (Mondes Méditerranéens et Balkaniques, no 4), École Française d’Athènes, Αθήνα 2013, 528 σελ. ISBN 978-2- 86958-253-8

Βιβλιοκρισία:O. DELOUIS – A. COUDERC – P. GURAN (επιμ.), Héritages de Byzance en Europe du Sud-Est à l’époque moderne et contemporaine (Mondes Méditerranéens et Balkaniques, no 4), École Française d’Athènes, Αθήνα 2013,  528  σελ.. ISBN 978-2- 86958-253-8Βιβλιοκρισία:O. DELOUIS – A. COUDERC – P. GURAN (επιμ.), Héritages de Byzance en Europe du Sud-Est à l’époque moderne et contemporaine (Mondes Méditerranéens et Balkaniques, no 4), École Française d’Athènes, Αθήνα 2013,  528  σελ. ISBN 978-2- 86958-253-

Horizontal and vertical relations: Interrogating "in/dividualism" among Christian Bidayuhs

This article addresses aspects of the dividual/individualist debate by thinking through an analogous set of ideas and practices among the Bidayuh, an indigenous group of Malaysian Borneo. When Bidayuhs began converting to Christianity in the 1950s, some missionaries contrasted their communal way of life with the “individualism” of the new religion. Drawing on contemporaneous ethnography and my own research, I sketch a more complex picture, showing how both pre-Christian and Christian sociality have been shaped by the shifting intersection of “in/dividual” impulses that derive from the “horizontal” and “vertical” relations in which persons are enmeshed. Tracing the trajectories of these impulses and relations from life to death and beyond, this article attempts to detach questions of in/dividualism from personhood, while arguing for the need to take seriously the variegations and affinities between different strains of Christianity and Western and non-Western socialities.Fieldwork was supported by the William Wyse, Evans, Smuts Memorial, and the Bartle Frere Memorial Funds at the University of Cambridge and a Royal Anthropological Institute Horniman/Sutasoma Award

In vitro grafting of grape with phylloxera resistant rootstock cultivars

Research Note

Rootstock-scion interaction: 1. effect on the yield components of cabernet sauvignon grapevine.

A interação entre porta-enxerto, copa e meio ambiente pode induzir diferentes respostas à fisiologia da videira. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do porta-enxerto nos componentes de produção da videira Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) cultivada na região vitivinícola da Serra Gaúcha. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 15 tratamentos, três repetições e dez plantas por parcela. Os resultados mostram que todas as variáveis avaliadas foram significativamente afetadas pelo ano e pelo porta-enxerto. A combinação CS/Solferino está entre as combinações que foram afetadas significativamente e apresentaram maior produtividade/planta. De fato, ela foi superior a CS/Rupestris du Lot, CS/101-14 Mgt., CS/3309 C, CS/5BB K, CS/161-49 C, CS/1103P e CS/Isabel. O número de cachos por gema, por gema brotada e por planta e o peso por cacho também foram afetados significativamente pelo ano e pelo porta-enxerto. O peso da poda/planta, a produção/peso da poda, a área foliar/planta, o índice de área foliar e a área foliar/peso de frutos frescos são variáveis relacionadas à fisiologia da videira que também foram afetadas pelo porta-enxerto. Em geral, os porta-enxertos adaptaram-se bem ao ambiente em que foi conduzido o trabalho, transmitindo vigor e alta produtividade à videira Cabernet Sauvignon, o que significa que eles podem ser usados por viticultores dessa região. No entanto, a escolha do porta-enxerto depende de vários aspectos, tais como os relacionados às características do solo, condições climáticas, cultivares de uva, e até mesmo clones, e propósitos da produção. Termos para indexação: uva, Vitis vinifera, enxertia, produção. The interaction between rootstock, scion and environment can induce different responses to the grapevine physiology. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the rootstock effect on the yield components of Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) grapevine grown in the Serra Gaúcha viticultural region. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with 15 treatments, three replicates and ten vines per plot. The results show that all variables evaluated were significantly affected by the year and the rootstock. The CS/Solferino was among other combinations influenced by the year and had higher significant yield/vine. Indeed, it was higher than that CS/Rupestris du Lot, CS/101-14 Mgt., CS/3309 C, CS/5BB K, CS/161-49 C, CS/1103 P. and CS/Isabel. The number of clusters/bud, per burst bud and per vine and the weight of clusters were affected by the rootstock as well. Pruning weight/vine, yield/pruning weight, leaf area/vine, leaf area index and leaf area/fresh fruit weight are variables related to the physiology of grapevine which were also affected by the rootstock. In general, rootstocks had adapted well to the environment where the experiment was carried out, giving vigor and high yield to Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine, which means that they may be used by grape growers in this region. However, the choice of the right rootstock depends on various aspects, such as those related to the soil characteristics, climate conditions, grape varieties, and even clones, and production purposes. Index terms: grape, Vitis vinifera, grafting, production

Βιβλιοκρισία:O. DELOUIS – A. COUDERC – P. GURAN (επιμ.), Héritages de Byzance en Europe du Sud-Est à l’époque moderne et contemporaine (Mondes Méditerranéens et Balkaniques, no 4), École Française d’Athènes, Αθήνα 2013, 528 σελ. ISBN 978-2- 86958-253-8

Βιβλιοκρισία:O. DELOUIS – A. COUDERC – P. GURAN (επιμ.), Héritages de Byzance en Europe du Sud-Est à l’époque moderne et contemporaine (Mondes Méditerranéens et Balkaniques, no 4), École Française d’Athènes, Αθήνα 2013,  528  σελ.. ISBN 978-2- 86958-253-8Βιβλιοκρισία:O. DELOUIS – A. COUDERC – P. GURAN (επιμ.), Héritages de Byzance en Europe du Sud-Est à l’époque moderne et contemporaine (Mondes Méditerranéens et Balkaniques, no 4), École Française d’Athènes, Αθήνα 2013,  528  σελ. ISBN 978-2- 86958-253-

In vitro vegetative propagation of Vitis: Application of previously defined culture conditions to a selection of genotypes

A range of grapevine species, cultivars and hybrids was surveyed for their responses to in vitro micropropagation.21 genotypes were established in culture from shoot apices (apical dome plus 2- to 4-leaf primordia) with a method previously developed for the Vitis hybrid Rougeon. However, this method proved to be inadequate for the establishment of the hybrid Seyval.Shoots grew on for 21 genotypes using a medium previously devised for the Vitis hybrid Remaily Seedless. Cultural conditions were inadequate for 4 of these genotypes. 10-h days resulted in best shoot production for 3 genotypes and 16-h days for 1. In general, shoot production was better or equal with short days than it was with long days. Shoots were multiplied from 3- to 4-node shoots (1.5 cm long) obtained in vitro. For the first 5 subcultures, 17 genotypes were multiplied on the medium used for first shoot production. Best results were obtained with Remaily Seedless which produced 13 shoots of at least 3 nodes, per subculture shoot after 2 months in culture. The 6th subculture employed the C2D salts which had previously been devised to improve shoot multiplication of Remaily Seedless. Yields were increased from 31 % to 350 % for all genotypes except V. labruscana Catawba which died in culture. For the rooting of subcultured shoots, a medium which had previously been developed for that purpose on Remaily Seedless was used successfully on 15 genotypes.Multiplication végétative de la vigne in vitro:Application des conditions de culture définies auparavant pour une sélection de génotypesLa multiplication végétative in vitro a été réalisée pour une collection d'espèces, de cultivars et d'hybrides du genre Vitis. 21 génotypes furent mis en culture à partir d'apex de 2 à 4 ébauches foliaires, par une méthode que nous avions développé pour l'hybride Rougeon. Ces conditions de culture n'ont pas été favorables â la croissance de l'hybride Seyval.La production de pousses herbacées fut obtenue pour ces 21 génotypes sur un milieu nutritif que nous avions défini pour l'hybride Remaily Seedless. Pour 4 génotypes les conditions de cultures n'ont pas été favorables. L'influence de la photopériode sur la production de pousses fut étudiée également. Les journées de 10 h bénéficièrent 3 génotypes et les journées de 16 h un seul. En général, la production en jours courts s'est avérée meilleur qu'en jours longs. La multiplication des pousses fut éffectuée par repiquage de boutures terminales obtenues in vitro et comprenant 3 à 4 noeuds (1,5 cm). Pour les 5 premiers passages la multiplication de 17 génotypes fut continuée sur le milieu de culture utilisé pour la production des premières ·pousses. Les meilleurs résultats ont été obtenus pour Remaily Seedless. En 2 mois chaque bouture apicale de ce cultivar a produit en moyenne 13 pousses ayant au moins 3 noeuds. Le 6e repiquage a été fait sur un milieu, C2D, développé auparavant pour améliorer la multiplication de Remaily Seedless. La récolte fut augmentée ainsi de 31 % à 350 % selon le génotype sauf pour V. labruscana Catawba qui s'est nécrosé.Pour l'enracinement de boutures apicales obtenues en culture, un milieu défini à cet effet pour Remaily Seedless fut utilisé avec succès pour 15 génotypes