Características y perspectivas del profesorado en la prevención de las adicciones en el ámbito escolar en la ciudad de Valencia

Actualmente, la legislación española estipula que los agentes preventivos en el ámbito de las adicciones son principalmente los docentes y que se trata de una actividad opcional que los centros educativos deciden si hacer o no. Por otro lado, la comunidad científica no se pone de acuerdo en que sea el profesorado la figura m ás a decuada p ara a sumir e ste t rabajo, i ndicando que los preventólogos están más preparados. Ante esta situación ambigua, surge la necesidad de ahondar en el papel del profesorado como agente en la prevención de las adicciones. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las características y perspectivas del profesorado en la prevención de las adicciones en la escuela. Para ello, se realiza un análisis descriptivo del papel de los docentes de enseñanzas primarias, secundarias y de ciclos formativos de centros públicos, privado/concertados del municipio de Valencia en la prevención de las adicciones. Para la recopilación de los datos, se distribuye un cuestionario compuesto de 32 ítems, divididos en 7 bloques temáticos, que obtiene 202 respuestas. Tras el análisis de resultados, se ob tiene que las variables edad, experiencia y tipología del centro no influyen a la hora de llevar a cabo acciones preventivas; pero la formación de los docentes en prevención de adicciones sí tiene un efecto determinante. El nivel educativo donde más se hace prevención es en secundaria. La propuesta de mejora más señalada es la presencia de técnicos especializados. Se comprueba que la evaluación sigue siendo la “asignatura pendiente” ya que los docentes no conocen si los programas que ellos han hecho se han evaluado . Spanish legislation currently indicates that teachers are the main professional group applying preventive activities in the drug addiction field at school. These activities are optional and schools can choose whether to apply them or not. The scientific community does not agree whether teachers are the best professionals to take on this task, or whether there are other more expert professionals to do this, such as prevention specialists. This ambiguous situation indicates that teachers'' roles in prevention of drug addiction should be reviewed. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics and perspectives of teachers in the prevention of drug addiction among school students. To this end, a descriptive analysis about the preventive role of teachers in primary, high school and professional training at public and private schools in Valencia city has been carried out. Data has been collected by an electronic survey distributed among schools, consisting of 32 items divided into 7 topic areas (n=202 responses). An analysis of the results shows that age, experience and the type of school have no influence on conducting preventive activities or not, but teacher training in prevention of addictions seems to be a determining factor. Moreover, high school students are the ones to benefit most from preventive activities. Among the proposals for improvement made by teachers, a higher presence of prevention specialists is highlighted. Finally, evaluation is still a pending task, because teachers do not even know if their prevention activities are evaluated

Suitability of wave energy converters in northwestern Spain under the near future winter wave climate

Marine renewable energies can play a key role by reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and, therefore, mitigating climate change. Among them, it is expected that wave energy will experience rapid growth in the upcoming decades. Thus, it is important to know how wave climate will change and how suitable the wave energy converters (WECs) will be to the new wave conditions. This paper aims to evaluate the capability of four different WECs—a WaveRoller type device (WRTD), Atargis, AquaBuoy and RM5—to extract wave energy on the Northwest coast of Spain (NWCS). The analysis was performed using the high-resolution wave data obtained from the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model over the near future winters (2026–2045). The energy output (PE), the power load factor (ε), the normalized capture width (NCw) and the operational time (OT) were analyzed. According to these parameters, among the devices that work for intermediate-deep waters, Atargis would be the best option (PE=1400 ± 56 kW, ε =55.4 ± 2.2%, NCw=35.5 ± 4.1% and OT =84.5 ± 3.3%). The WRTD would also be a good option for shallow nearshore areas with PE=427 ± 248 kW, ε =12.8 ± 7.4%, NCw = 48.9 ± 9.6% and OT = 88.7 ± 18.9%. A combination of Atargis and WRTDs is proposed to make up the future wave energy farms on the NWCS.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2021/44Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID2020-113245RB-I00Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. TED2021-129479A-100Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. IJC2020-043745-IAgencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PRE2021-097580Universidade de Vigo/CISU

Suitability of wave energy converters in northwestern Spain under the near future winter wave climate

Marine renewable energies can play a key role by reducing the dependency on fossil fuels and, therefore, mitigating climate change. Among them, it is expected that wave energy will experience rapid growth in the upcoming decades. Thus, it is important to know how wave climate will change and how suitable the wave energy converters (WECs) will be to the new wave conditions. This paper aims to evaluate the capability of four different WECs—a WaveRoller type device (WRTD), Atargis, AquaBuoy and RM5—to extract wave energy on the Northwest coast of Spain (NWCS). The analysis was performed using the high-resolution wave data obtained from the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model over the near future winters (2026–2045). The energy output (PE), the power load factor (ε), the normalized capture width (NCw) and the operational time (OT) were analyzed. According to these parameters, among the devices that work for intermediate-deep waters, Atargis would be the best option (PE = 1400 ± 56 kW, ε = 55.4 ± 2.2%, NCw = 35.5 ± 4.1% and OT = 84.5 ± 3.3%). The WRTD would also be a good option for shallow nearshore areas with PE = 427 ± 248 kW, ε = 12.8 ± 7.4%, NCw = 48.9 ± 9.6% and OT = 88.7 ± 18.9%. A combination of Atargis and WRTDs is proposed to make up the future wave energy farms on the NWCS.publishe

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: A prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a metaanalysis of all available prospective data. Methods This prospective, multicentre study included adults undergoing both elective and emergency gastrointestinal resection, reversal of stoma or formation of stoma. The primary end-point was 30-day major complications (Clavien–Dindo Grades III–V). A systematic search was undertaken for studies assessing the relationship between obesity and major complications after gastrointestinal surgery. Individual patient meta-analysis was used to analyse pooled results. Results This study included 2519 patients across 127 centres, of whom 560 (22.2%) were obese. Unadjusted major complication rates were lower in obese vs normal weight patients (13.0% vs 16.2%, respectively), but this did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.863) on multivariate analysis for patients having surgery for either malignant or benign conditions. Individual patient meta-analysis demonstrated that obese patients undergoing surgery formalignancy were at increased risk of major complications (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.49–2.96, P < 0.001), whereas obese patients undergoing surgery for benign indications were at decreased risk (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.46–0.75, P < 0.001) compared to normal weight patients. Conclusions In our international data, obesity was not found to be associated with major complications following gastrointestinal surgery. Meta-analysis of available prospective data made a novel finding of obesity being associated with different outcomes depending on whether patients were undergoing surgery for benign or malignant disease