Cerebral fat embolism in polytraumatized: case report

Cerebral fat embolism (CFE) results from the release of fat globules into the bloodstream, mainly from long bone fractures. The presence of significant fat emboli in the blood can cause vascular occlusion and clinical manifestations depend on the location of the obstruction. In this work, we report a case of a young patient, victim of an automobile accident with acetabulum fracture and right femoral diaphysis, who showed a decrease in the level of consciousness. In view of the clinical picture, magnetic resonance imaging was requested, which showed results compatible with the diagnosis of CFE. After proper care for embolism management, the patient had a favorable evolution.A embolia cerebral gordurosa é uma patologia decorrente da liberação de glóbulos de gordura na circulação sanguínea provenientes, principalmente, de fraturas de ossos longos. A presença de êmbolos significativos de gordura no sangue resulta oclusão vascular e manifestações clínicas dependentes da localização da obstrução. O caso relatado apresenta um paciente jovem, vítima de acidente automobilístico com fratura de acetábulo e diáfise femoral direita, que evoluiu com rebaixamento do sensório. Diante do quadro clínico, foi solicitada ressonância magnética, que apresentou resultado compatível com o diagnóstico de embolia cerebral gordurosa. Realizado os devidos cuidados para tratamento da embolia, o paciente apresentou prognóstico favorável

AVE isquêmico em paciente jovem sem fatores de risco: relato de caso

Encephalic stroke (stroke) is characterized by a complex of symptoms resulting from changes in brain blood support, which last at least 24 hours cause brain damage. It can be classified as ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke, the most common being ischemic stroke, characterized by interruption of blood flow in a certain area of the brain due to arterial or venous obstruction. The lack of blood supply causes an infarct in the area vascularized by the obstructed vessel, causing neuronal death. There are modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for stroke, including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, sedentary lifestyle, dyslipidemias, age over 55, black race, family history and previous stroke. The diagnosis follows protocols according to the time of onset of symptoms, and basically, it is evaluated the clinical picture, skull CT without contrast or magnetic resonance of the skull and laboratory tests. The treatment varies according to its classification. In the case presented to the female patient, without previous comorbidities and risk factors, she developed a mesencephalic ischemic stroke with severe sequelae. No alterations in coagulation genes that could explain the cause of the disease were investigated. The young ischemic stroke consists of the cerebrovascular accident present in adults under 45 years. Pathology requires, in addition to the standard investigations, an inquiry into the genetic etiology. Several pathologies are associated with the disease, such as CADASIL, Fraby’s disease, coagulopathies, sickle cell anemia, Sneddon syndrome, MELAS, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV, neurofibrinatosis type 1 and Moya-Moya disease. Therefore, it is necessary to know about new studies and updates that describe not well-known causes of stroke.Acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) caracteriza-se por um complexo de sintomas decorrentes de alterações no suporte sanguíneo cerebral, que duram pelo menos 24 horas causam lesões cerebrais. Pode ser classificado em isquêmico (AVEi) e hemorrágico (AVEh), sendo que o mais comum deles é o AVEi, caracterizado por interrupção do fluxo sanguíneo em uma determinada área do encéfalo devido a obstrução arterial ou venosa. A falta de suprimento sanguíneo causa um infarto na área vascularizada pelo vaso obstruído, causando morte neuronal. Existem fatores de risco modificáveis e não modificáveis para o AVE, sendo alguns deles: hipertensão, diabetes, tabagismo, etilismo, sedentarismo, dislipidemias, idade superior aos 55 anos, raça negra, história familiar e AVE prévio. O diagnóstico segue protocolos de acordo com o tempo de início dos sintomas, e basicamente, avalia-se quadro clínico, TC de crânio sem contraste ou ressonância magnética de crânio e exames laboratoriais. O tratamento varia de acordo com sua classificação. No caso apresentado a paciente do sexo feminino, sem comorbidades prévias e fatores de risco, desenvolveu um AVEi mesencefálico com graves sequelas. Não foram investigados alterações em genes da coagulação que pudessem explicar a causa da patologia. O AVEi jovem consiste no acidente vascular encefálico presente em adultos com menos de 45 anos. A patologia necessita, além das investigações padrões, de uma averiguação quanto a etiologia genética. Várias patologias estão associadas ao quadro, como CADASIL, doença de Fraby, coagulopatias, anemia de células falciformes, síndrome de Sneddon, MELAS, síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos tipo IV, neurofibrimatose tipo 1 e doença de Moya-Moya. Diante disso evidencia-se a necessidade de se conhecer sobre novos estudos e atualizações que descrevam causas não tão conhecidas de AVE

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data