Ação anti-helmíntica do mebendazole em equinos

An aqueous solution and granular formulation of mebendazole were tested for their anthelmintic activity in horses. Single doses of 1, 2 and 4 g removed 100% of Oxyuris equi, Strongylur spp. and Probstrnayria vivipara; 77.8-97.7% of the helminths of the genera Trichonema and Triodontophorus were removed with 1 g, 95.1-98.6% with 2 g and 97.9-99.4% with 4 g. The results of fecal examination and larval cultures demonstrated that 24 hours after the administration of the medication the viability of the eggs of the helminths was extremely low and after 48 hours no eggs were found. The safety margin of mebendazole is ample, a dose of 30 g (166 mg/kg) did not give symptoms of intoxication. The granular formulation for mixing in the ration was palatable and well accepted by the animals.A atividade anti-helmíntica do mebendazole5 em equinos, administrado em solução aquosa e em granulado, foi avaliada por teste crítico. Doses únicas de 1, 2 e 4 g removeram 100% dos Oxyuris equi e dos grandes estrôngilos; os pequenos estrêngilos foram removidos em 77,8-97,7% com 1 g, 95,1-98,6% com 2 g e 97,9-99,4% com 4 g. Os resultados dos exames de fezes e coproculturas demonstraram que 24 horas após a administração do medicamento a viabilidade dos ovos dos helmintos é inexpressiva e, em 48 horas, todos os exames foram negativos. A margem de segurança do mebendazole é ampla; dose de 30 g (166 mg/kg) não apresentou sintomas de intoxicação. A apresentação granulada para misturar à ração é palatável, sendo bem aceita pelos animais

Inductive Power Transfer: Past, Current, and Future Research

Electric vehicle (EV) technology has proven to be a propulsion technology of the future but urgently needs to address challenges such as lower-priced, reasonably sized EV for higher market penetration, higher life cycle efficiency, and increased power density. Range extension, in particular, in urban scenarios is critical. Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology solves simultaneously the electric hazard risks of conventional power cord battery chargers, but specially EV limited autonomy and related anxiety and even security. In this context, this chapter presents the past, current, and future research areas of IPT systems. A review of the main resonant compensation networks and prominent geometries of magnetic couplers is presented. Then, future research areas namely dynamic IPT and in-wheel IPT solutions are introduced along with their main challenges

Synthesis of 7-Chloroquinoline Derivatives Using Mixed Lithium-Magnesium Reagents

We have prepared a library of functionalized quinolines through the magnesiation of 7-chloroquinolines under mild conditions, employing both batch and continuous flow conditions. The preparation involved the generation of mixed lithium-magnesium intermediates, which were reacted with different electrophiles. Mixed lithium-zinc reagents allowed the synthesis of halogenated and arylated derivatives. Some of the synthesized 4-carbinol quinolines have shown interesting antiproliferative properties, their hydroxyl group being a suitable amino group bioisostere. We also report a two-step approach for optically active derivatives

Blood-stage antiplasmodial activity and oocyst formation-blockage of metallo copper-cinchonine complex

In the fight against malaria, the key is early treatment with antimalarial chemotherapy, such as artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs). However, Plasmodium has acquired multidrug resistance, including the emergence of P. falciparum strains with resistance to ACT. The development of novel antimalarial molecules, that are capable of interfering in the asexual and sexual blood stages, is important to slow down the transmission in endemic areas. In this work, we studied the ability of the mettalo copper-cinchonine complex to interfere in the sexual and asexual stages of Plasmodium. The tested compound in the in vitro assay was a cinchonine derivative, named CinCu (Bis[Cinchoninium Tetrachlorocuprate(II)]trihydrate). Its biological functions were assessed by antiplasmodial activity in vitro against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum W2 strain. The mice model of P. berghei ANKA infection was used to analyze the antimalarial activity of CinCu and chloroquine and their acute toxicity. The oocyst formation-blocking assay was performed by experimental infection of Anopheles aquasalis with P. vivax infected blood, which was treated with different concentrations of CinCu, cinchonine, and primaquine. We found that CinCu was able to suppress as high as 81.58% of parasitemia in vitro, being considered a molecule with high antiplasmodial activity and low toxicity. The in vivo analysis showed that CinCu suppressed parasitemia at 34% up to 87.19%, being a partially active molecule against the blood-stage forms of P. berghei ANKA, without inducing severe clinical signs in the treated groups. The transmission-blocking assay revealed that both cinchonine and primaquine were able to reduce the infection intensity of P. vivax in A. aquasalis, leading to a decrease in the number of oocysts recovered from the mosquitoes’ midgut. Regarding the effect of CinCu, the copper-complex was not able to induce inhibition of P. vivax infection; however, it was able to induce an important reduction in the intensity of oocyst formation by about 2.4 times. It is plausible that the metallo-compound also be able to interfere with the differentiation of parasite stages and/or ookinete-secreted chitinase into the peritrophic matrix of mosquitoes, promoting a reduction in the number of oocysts formed. Taken together, the results suggest that this compound is promising as a prototype for the development of new antimalarial drugs. Furthermore, our study can draw a new pathway for repositioning already-known antimalarial drugs by editing their chemical structure to improve the antimalarial activity against the asexual and sexual stages of the parasite

Morphologic characterization of sweet potato accesses from the germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Brazil

O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar morfologicamente os acessos de batata-doce do banco de germoplasma da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM). O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Olericultura da UFVJM, per?odo de fevereiro a novembro de 2006, utilizando-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC), contendo 65 tratamentos e 3 repeti??es, totalizando 195 parcelas de 4,5 m? cada. As avalia??es da parte vegetativa foram feitas tr?s meses ap?s o plantio e a colheita de ra?zes foi realizada nove meses ap?s o plantio das ramas. Observou-se pelo dendrograma de dissimilaridade morfol?gica, que os acessos da cole??o do banco de germoplasma da UFVJM apresentaram ampla variabilidade morfol?gica. Os descritores referentes ? parte a?rea se mostraram significativos com diferen?a entre clones, pelo teste Scott-Knott (p=0,05), diferentemente daqueles referentes ? raiz.Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq)Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)Sweet potato accesses from the germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais state, Brazil were characterized. The experiment was carried out between February and November 2006, using a randomized blocks design, with 65 treatments and three replications, totaling 195 plots. The evaluation of the vegetative part was carried out three months after planting and the roots were harvested nine months after planting. Based on the dendrogram of morphologic differences we observed a great morphologic variability on the accesses. The characteristics of the vegetative part showed significant differences among the clones, by Scott Knot test at 5% probability, differently from those of the roots