Effects of light-curing time on the cytotoxicity of a restorative composite resin on odontoblast-like cells

This in vitro study evaluated the cytotoxicity of an experimental restorative composite resin subjected to different light-curing regimens. METHODS: Forty round-shaped specimens were prepared and randomly assigned to four experimental groups (n=10), as follows: in Group 1, no light-curing; in Groups 2, 3 and 4, the composite resin specimens were light-cured for 20, 40 or 60 s, respectively. In Group 5, filter paper discs soaked in 5 µL PBS were used as negative controls. The resin specimens and paper discs were placed in wells of 24-well plates in which the odontoblast-like cells MDPC-23 (30,000 cells/cm²) were plated and incubated in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 and 95% air at 37ºC for 72 h. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by the cell metabolism (MTT assay) and cell morphology (SEM). The data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: In G1, cell metabolism decreased by 86.2%, indicating a severe cytotoxicity of the non-light-cured composite resin. On the other hand, cell metabolism decreased by only 13.3% and 13.5% in G2 and G3, respectively. No cytotoxic effects were observed in G4 and G5. In G1, only a few round-shaped cells with short processes on their cytoplasmic membrane were observed. In the other experimental groups as well as in control group, a number of spindle-shaped cells with long cytoplasmic processes were found. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the photoactivation time used in the present investigation, the experimental composite resin presented mild to no toxic effects to the odontoblast-like MDPC-23 cells. However, intense cytotoxic effects occurred when no light-curing was performed.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Terapia Ocupacional na Atenção Básica: a construção de uma prática

Trata-se de experiência de estágio de Terapia Ocupacional na Atenção Básica desenvolvida no Curso de Terapia Ocupacional da Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública em Salvador, na Bahia. O estágio teve início no ano de 2008 em um Centro de Saúde da cidade, fruto de atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão do grupo de pesquisa "Modos de Vida e Territórios Urbanos" e constituiu um campo de estudos e práticas voltado para pessoas com deficiência em seus contextos próprios de vida. A partir disto, os estagiários avaliaram e acompanharam pessoas de uma microárea identificadas pela pesquisa, assim como planejaram e realizaram ações do âmbito domiciliar ao territorial. A experiência proporcionou maior integração ensino-serviço, visto que foi respaldada por uma prática condizente com as limitações e possibilidades tanto das pessoas com deficiência quanto do serviço. Proporcionou, também, mudanças na maneira de ver e atuar dos estudantes em dado território.This article presents a practice placement experience in Primary Care within the Occupational Therapy degree course at Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, located in Salvador, Brazil. The practice in a healthcare center, which began in 2008, was the result of teaching, research and extension activities developed by the research group "Livelihoods and Urban Territories" and constituted a field of study and practice regarding people with disabilities in their own environment. The trainees evaluated and followed the people of a micro-area identified by the research, as well as planned actions to be carried out at home and within the community. The experience provided better teaching-service integration as it was supported by a practice which took into account the limits and possibilities of both the people with disabilities and the healthcare center. Furthermore, it changed the way students perceived and acted in a given territory

Life course socioeconomic inequalities and oral health status in later life: ELSI-Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between life course socioeconomic conditions and two oral health outcomes (edentulism and use of dental prostheses among individuals with severe tooth loss) among older Brazilian adults. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) which includes information on persons aged 50 years or older residing in 70 municipalities across the five great Brazilian regions. Regression models using life history information were used to investigate the relation between childhood (parental education) and adulthood (own education and wealth) socioeconomic circumstances and edentulism and use of dental prostheses. Slope index of inequality and relative index of inequality for edentulism and use of dental prostheses assessed socioeconomic inequalities in both outcomes. RESULTS: Approximately 28.8% of the individuals were edentulous and among those with severe tooth loss 80% used dental prostheses. Significant absolute and relative inequalities were found for edentulism and use of dental prostheses. The magnitude of edentulism was higher among individuals with lower levels of socioeconomic position during childhood, irrespective of their current socioeconomic position. Absolute and relative inequalities related to the use of dental prostheses were not related to childhood socioeconomic position. CONCLUSIONS: These findings substantiate the association between life course socioeconomic circumstances and oral health in older adulthood, although use of dental prostheses was not related to childhood socioeconomic position. The study also highlights the long-lasting relation between childhood socioeconomic inequalities and oral health through the life course

Seasons influence on content, yield and chemical composition of Origanum majorana L. essential oil

The aim of this study was to determine the season that provides the highest production and best quality of marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) essential oil in summer and winter transplants. Two experiments were performed in a protected cultivation, the first with transplantation in summer and the second with transplantation in winter, with a completely randomized design with four treatments, being the seasons of the year. Content, yield and chemical composition of the essential oil were determined. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography. In the summer transplant the essential oil content and yield were higher in the summer and spring seasons. In the winter transplant the oil content was higher in the summer season and the yield in the summer and in spring. Carvacrol was the major component of marjoram essential oil regardless of harvest and transplant season. Of the other main compounds, only terpinolene was detected in all samples analyzed, with the other essential oil components varying between transplant and harvest seasons. The highest production of marjoram essential oil is obtained in summer and spring harvests from plants transplanted in summer and winter. The major components of marjoram essential oil are carvacrol and terpinolene

Toxicity of chlorhexidine on odontoblast-like cells

Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) is recommended for a number of clinical procedures and it has been pointed out as a potential cavity cleanser to be applied before adhesive restoration of dental cavities. OBJECTIVE: As CHX may diffuse through the dentinal tubules to reach a monolayer of odontoblasts that underlies the dentin substrate, this study evaluated the cytotoxic effects of different concentrations of CHX on cultured odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cells were cultured and exposed to CHX solutions at concentrations of 0.06%, 0.12%, 0.2%, 1% and 2%. Pure culture medium (&#945;-MEM) and 3% hydrogen peroxide were used as negative and positive control, respectively. After exposing the cultured cells to the controls and CHX solutions for 60 s, 2 h or 60 s with a 24-h recovery period, cell metabolism (MTT assay) and total protein concentration were evaluated. Cell morphology was assessed under scanning electron microscopy. CHX had a dose-dependent toxic effect on the MDPC-23 cells. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was observed when the cells were exposed to CHX in all periods (

Padrões alimentares e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais : Pesquisa Saúde da Mulher 2015, São Leopoldo (RS)

Introdução: Padrões alimentares parecem predizer melhor o risco de doenças do que nutrientes ou alimentos isoladamente. Objetivo: Identificar padrões alimentares e fatores associados em mulheres adultas. Método: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 1.128mulheres, de 20 a 69 anos de idade, de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de um questionário de frequência. Utilizou-se análise de componentes principais para identificação dos padrões alimentares. Razõesde prevalências brutas e ajustadas foram estimadas por meio de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: Foram identificados três padrões alimentares que explicaram 25,8% da variância total: saudável (frutas, vegetais e alimentos integrais); de risco (alimentos ultraprocessados); e brasileiro (arroz e feijão). Opadrão saudável apresentou o maior percentual de variância explicada (11,62%). A probabilidade de adesão ao padrão saudável aumentou linearmente com a idade e a escolaridade e foi maior em ex-fumantes (razão de prevalência - RP = 1,22; intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%) 1,04 - 1,42). Já mulheres mais jovens e com maior escolaridade tinham maior probabilidade de aderir ao padrão de risco. A probabilidade de adesão ao padrão brasileiro aumentou à medida que diminuiu a escolaridade e foi maior em mulheres de cor de pele não branca (RP = 1,29; IC95% 1,04 - 1,59). Conclusões: Enquanto a adesão aos padrões saudável e de risco comportou-se distintamente segundo a idade das mulheres, ela foi semelhante para a escolaridade. Já a adesão ao padrão brasileiro foi definida pelas condições socioeconômicas.Introduction: Dietary patterns may be more predictive of disease risk than individual nutrients or foods. Objective: To identify dietary patterns and associated factors among adult women. Method: Population-based cross-sectional study with 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. Food intake was assessed with a frequency questionnaire. The principal component analysis identified dietary patterns. We estimated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: Threedietary patterns - responsible for 25.8% of the total variance - were identified: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods); risk (ultra-processed foods); and Brazilian (rice and beans). The healthy pattern showed the largest percentage of explained variation (11.62%). The probability of adherence to the healthy pattern increased linearly with age and schooling and was higher among ex-smokers [prevalence ratio (PR)=1.22; confidence interval of 95% (95%CI) 1.04 - 1.42]. Younger women and those with better schooling had more chances of adhering to the risk pattern. The probability of adherence to the Brazilian pattern increased as schooling decreased and was higher among non-white women (PR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.04- 1.59). Conclusions: While adherence to healthy and risk patterns behaved differently according to women’s age, it was similar regarding schooling. Socioeconomic conditions defined adherence to the Brazilian pattern

Leukotriene B4 mediates γδ T lymphocyte migration in response to diverse stimuli

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141926/1/jlb0323.pd

Hospitalizações entre adultos mais velhos: resultados do ELSI-Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with hospital use and their frequency in a nationally representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years or older. METHODS: Data from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015-2016, were used. Predisposing, enabling and need factors for the use of health services were considered. The analyzes were based on the Hurdle regression model and on estimates of population attributable risks. RESULTS: Among 9,389 participants, 10.2% had been hospitalized in the previous 12 months. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, statistically significant associations (p &lt; 0.05) were observed for need factors (previous medical diagnosis for chronic diseases and limitation to perform basic activities of daily living) and for enabling factors (living in a rural area and in the North and Midwest regions of the country). The analysis of population attributable risks (PAR) showed a hierarchy of the need factors for the occurrence of hospitalizations, with higher contributions by stroke (PAR = 10.7%) and cardiovascular disease (PAR = 10.0%), followed by cancer (PAR = 8.9%), difficulty to perform basic activities of daily living (PAR = 6.8%), depression (PAR = 5.5%), diabetes (PAR = 4.4% ) and hypertension (PAR = 2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Four of the major diseases associated with hospitalizations (stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension) are part of the Brazilian list of primary care-sensitive hospitalizations. These results show that there is a window of opportunity to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations among older Brazilian adults through effective primary care actions.OBJETIVO: Examinar os fatores associados à ocorrência e à frequência de hospitalizações em amostra nacional representativa da população brasileira com 50 anos ou mais. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil), conduzido em 2015–2016. Considerou-se fatores predisponentes, facilitadores e de necessidade para o uso de serviços de saúde. As análises foram baseadas no modelo de regressão Hurdle e em estimativas de riscos atribuíveis populacionais. RESULTADOS: Entre 9.389 participantes, 10,2% foram hospitalizados nos 12 meses precedentes. Após ajustes por potenciais variáveis de confusão, associações estatisticamente significantes (p &lt; 0,05) foram observadas para fatores de necessidade (história de diagnóstico médico para doenças crônicas e limitação para realizar atividades básicas de vida diária) e para fatores facilitadores (residência em zona rural e nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste do país). A análise dos riscos atribuíveis populacionais (RAP) mostrou uma hierarquização dos fatores de necessidade para a ocorrência de hospitalizações, com maiores contribuições do acidente vascular cerebral (RAP = 10,7%) e da doença cardiovascular (RAP = 10,0%), seguidos do câncer (RAP = 8,9%), da limitação para realizar atividades básicas da vida diária (RAP = 6,8%), da depressão (RAP = 5,5%), do diabetes (RAP = 4,4%) e da hipertensão (RAP = 2,2%). CONCLUSÕES: Quatro entre as principais doenças associadas às hospitalizações (acidente vascular cerebral, doença cardiovascular, diabetes e hipertensão) fazem parte da lista brasileira de internações sensíveis à atenção primária. Esses resultados mostram que existe uma janela de oportunidades para a redução de hospitalizações desnecessárias entre adultos brasileiros mais velhos por meio de ações efetivas da atenção primária