IDENTIFICAÇÃO HUMANA: UM ESTUDO DA LITERATURA SOBRE A FUNÇÃO DO CIRURGIÃO-DENTISTA

A Identificação Humana Post-Mortem é uma das áreas de trabalho, estudo e pesquisa da odontologia legal que caminham junto com a medicina forense, as duas tem o mesmo material de trabalho e pesquisa, o corpo humano. O trabalho teve como objetivo descrever através de uma revisão de literatura a eficácia a importância e a contribuição do trabalho do Odontolegista nas Identificações Humanas Post-Mortem. Foi realizado pesquisas de artigos nas bases de dados biblioteca virtual, Google acadêmico, publicados no período de 2007 a 2017. A odontologia vem passando por diversas transformações e mudanças nas últimas décadas, referentes a crenças e concepções da sociedade acerca da profissão, alterações na maneira como ocorrem à formação e a prática profissional, A Identificação humana é o caminho pelo qual se tem da identidade de um indivíduo, sendo o exame da arcada dentaria um dos métodos mais utilizados em conjunto com outras características biológicas, como a análise da íris, e a análise genética. Conclui-se que a Odontologia Legal assume grande importância na identificação de corpos post mortem, pois com ela é possível direcionar as características encontradas e estimar uma identidade compatível com o indivíduo suspeito de óbito. Palavras-chave: Odontólogos; Antropologia forense; Cadáver

Programa BR do Mar e seus efeitos sobre a matriz de transporte e rotas inter-regionais no Brasil

Este artigo investiga os efeitos que o Programa BR do Mar, incentivo à cabotagem, poderá exercer sobre a matriz de transportes de cargas e nas rotas inter-regionais do país. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Computável, denominado PAEG-TLOG, com base no GTAP em sua versão 10. Os resultados indicam que a matriz de transporte inter-regional obtém um crescimento da participação da cabotagem, representando uma redução de, aproximadamente, 410 mil caminhões nas estradas em longas distâncias, reduzindo os acidentes, os custos com roubos e avarias e gerando menores níveis de poluição

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) como mecanismo de política de inclusão na agricultura familiar do Nordeste do Brasil

O objetivo é analisar a importância do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) como mecanismo de inclusão e de política com foco na demanda, e explicar as transformações que o PNAE tem possibilitado na estrutura da agricultura familiar da região Nordeste do Brasil. Como metodologia, os dados utilizados no trabalho são de base secundária, extraídos dos sites do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE) e do Portal da Transparência do Governo Federal, tendo como foco o número de alunos das escolas municipais e estaduais e os repasses do PNAE nos municípios, bem como a compra da agricultura familiar por meio da Lei 11.947/2009. A pesquisa buscará demonstrar que o PNAE tem contribuído para a diversificação da agricultura familiar, na formação de hábitos alimentares mais saudáveis, e no surgimento e consolidação de organizações coletivas (cooperativas) dos agricultores familiares, contribuindo para a construção de mercados e para a dinamização no nível dos municípios. Concluindo, buscaremos revelar que a região Nordeste possui significativo potencial especialmente através dos pequenos municípios, mas que necessita de mecanismos legais para a inserção dos produtos da agricultura familiar nos mercados, a exemplo do Serviço de Inspeção Municipal (SIM), entre outros desafios

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data