Perceptions of the Use of the Diode Laser in Dental Surgery: A Qualitative Study

Objective: To discover the perceptions of pediatric patients, their parents and undergraduate Dentistry students of the use of the diode laser in frenectomy surgeries. Material and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through semi-structured interviews, recorded and transcribed with subsequent content analysis. Twelve healthy children (5-8 years old) who needed a frenectomy were selected and invited, together with their parents, to undergo laser diode surgery. In addition, 28 undergraduate  dentistry students were invited to attend the procedures. One week after performing the surgical procedures, the children (Group 1), their parents (Group 2) and the students who attended the procedures (Group 3) were individually interviewed for the thematic analysis. Results: The analysis of the conversations identified three emerging contents: positive thoughts on the use of diode laser; frustrations from the use of diode laser; and aspects related to professional training. Conclusion: The results pointed to the acceptance of surgical laser use in pediatric dentistry; however, the feelings of frustration indicate that its use requires guidance from the child and his/her parents, in addition to careful handling and specific training

Critical appraisal of systematic reviews of intervention studies in periodontology using AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS tools

Systematic reviews of intervention studies are used to support treatment recommendations. The aim of this study was to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of systematic reviews of intervention studies in in the field of periodontology using AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS.Systematic reviews of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials, published between 2019 and 2020, were searched at MedLine, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, LILACS with no language restrictions between October 2019 to October 2020. Additionally, grey literature and hand search was performed. Paired independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality and risk of bias through the AMSTAR 2 and ROBIS tools.One hundred twenty-seven reviews were included. According to AMSTAR 2, the methodological quality was mainly critically low (64.6%) and low (24.4%), followed by moderate (0.8%) and high (10.2%). According to ROBIS, 90.6% were at high risk of bias, followed by 7.1% low, and 2.4% unclear risk of bias. The risk of bias decreased with the increased in the impact factor of the journal.Current systematic reviews of intervention studies in periodontics were classified as low or critically low methodological quality and high risk of bias. Both tools led to similar conclusions. Better adherence to established reporting guidelines and stricter research practices when conducting systematic reviews are needed

Efeito da terapia periodontal não cirúrgica sobre a expressão de beta defensina-1 e índices glicêmicos em indivíduos com periodontite crônica saudáveis e portadores de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-10T05:10:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_final_corrigida_pdf_lidiane_13_06_2017.pdf: 3368288 bytes, checksum: 2beb51a9257697c8585c74ed85751f4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 7As beta defensinas humanas (hBDs) podem ter um papel chave na susceptibilidade às doenças na cavidade bucal. Além do efeito antimicrobiano direto, as hBDs aumentam a imunidade adaptativa. Condições de glicose elevada, in vitro, mostraram ser capazes de inibir a expressão de hBDs e contribuir para a ocorrência de doenças infecciosas associadas com feridas diabéticas. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a expressão de beta defensina 1 (hBD-1) no fluido crevicular gengival (FCG) de indivíduos saudáveis (H), indivíduos com periodontite crônica (P), e indivíduos com periodontite crônica e portadores de diabetes mellitus compensados (PDMc) e descompensados (PDMd). Além disso, avaliar a influência da terapia periodontal nãocirúrgica (TPNC) nesta expressão e no controle glicêmico. Assim, esta tese foi dividida em 5 estudos, sendo: 1) estudo transversal para avaliar a expressão de hBD-1 no FCG de H e P; 2) estudo de intervenção para avaliar o efeito da TPNC sobre a expressão de hBD-1 no FCG de H e P; 3) estudo transversal para avaliar a expressão de hBD-1 no FCG de H, P e PDMc e PDMd; 4) estudo de intervenção para avaliar o efeito da TPNC sobre a expressão de hBD-1 no FCG de PDMc e PDMd; 5) ensaio clínico controlado para avaliar o efeito da TPNC sobre os índices glicêmicos de PDMc e PDMd. A amostra global foi composta por 80 indivíduos, sendo: 20 H, 20 P, 20 PDMc, e 20 PDMd. Amostras de FCG foram coletadas de sítios saudáveis (h), sítios com gengivite (g) e periodontite (p) do mesmo indivíduo, totalizando 800 amostras de FCG, no baseline (T0) e após 2 meses da TPNC (T1). Glicemia em jejum e hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) foram registradas em T0 e T1. A quantificação de hBD-1 foi realizada pelo teste ELISA sanduíche. No estudo 1, os níveis de hBD-1 em Hh foram maiores que em Ph. Em P, não houve diferença significativa nos níveis de hBD-1 entre todos os sítios. No estudo2, a TPNC aumentou os níveis de hBD-1 em todos os sítios de P. No estudo 3, não foram observadas diferenças significativas intragrupo. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre Hh vs. Ph, Ph vs. PDMc(h), Hh vs. PDMd(g), Pg vs. PDMc(g), Hh vs. Pp, Hh vs. PDMd(p) e Pp vs. PDMc(p). No estudo 4, PDMc(p) foi significativamente maior em T1 em relação a T0. Em indivíduos do grupo PDMd, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas em todos os sítios entre T1 e T0. No estudo 5, houve melhora significativa nos parâmetros periodontais de T0 para T1 em ambos os grupos PDMc e PDMd. Houve uma redução significativa da HbA1c no grupo PDMd de T0 para T1. Dessa forma, os resultados indicam que a expressão de hBD-1 em indivíduos com periodontite parece ser menor em relação aos indivíduos saudáveis, sugerindo um potencial papel protetor na hBD-1 na susceptibilidade à periodontite crônica. A TPNC foi capaz de aumentar os níveis de hBD-1 em indivíduos com periodontite em todos os sítios, além de promover uma redução da HbA1c em indivíduos diabéticos descompensados.The human beta defensins (hBDs) may have a key role in susceptibility to diseases in the oral cavity. In addition to direct antimicrobial effect, the hBDs increase adaptive immunity. High glucose conditions in vitro, shown to be capable of inhibiting the expression of hBDs and contribute to the occurrence of infectious diseases associated with diabetic wounds. This study aimed to evaluate the beta defensins 1 (hBD-1)expression in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in healthy subjects (H), individuals with chronic periodontitis (P), and individuals with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus compensated (PDMc) and decompensated (PDMd). Furthermore, the influence of nonsurgicalperiodontal therapy (NSPT) in this expression and glycemic control. Thus, this thesis is divided into 5 studies, as follows: 1) cross-sectional study to assess hBD-1 expression in FCG of H and P; 2) intervention study to evaluate the effect of NSPT on the hBD-1 expression in GCF of H and P; 3) cross-sectional study to assess hBD-1 expression in FCG of H, P, PDMc and PDMd; 4) intervention study to evaluate the effect of NSPT on the hBD-1 expression in FCG of PDMc and PDMd; 5) controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of NSPT on the glycemic indexes of PDMc and PDMd. The overall sample consisted of 80 individuals, been: 20 H, 20 P, 20 MCDP, and 20 PDMd. GCF samples were collected from healthy sites (h) sites with gingivitis (g) and periodontitis (p) of the same individual, totaling 800 samples of GCF, at baseline (T0) and after 2 monthsof NSPT (T1). Fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were recorded at T0 and T1. The quantitation of hBD-1 was carried out by sandwich ELISA. In study 1, hBD- 1 levels in Hh were higher than in Ph. In P, there was no significant difference in thelevels of hBD-1 among all sites. In study 2, the NSPT increased hBD-1 levels in all sites of P. In study 3, significant intra-group differences were observed. Significant differences were found between Hh vs. Ph, Ph vs. PDMc(h), Hh vs. PDMd(g), Pg vs. PDMc(g), Hh vs. Pp, Hh vs. PDMd(p) e Pp vs. PDMc(p). In the study 4, PDMc(p) was significantly higher in T1 relative to T0. In individuals PDMd group, no significant differences were found at all sites between T1 and T0. In the study 5, there was significant improvement in periodontal parameters from T0 to T1 in both PDMc and PDMd groups. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c from T0 to T1 in PDMd group. Thus, the results indicate that the hBD-1 expression in individuals with periodontitis appears to be lower compared to healthy individuals, suggesting a potential protective role in hBD-1 susceptibility to chronic periodontitis. The NSPT was able to increase the hBD-1 levels in individuals with periodontitis in all sites, and to promote a reduction in HbA1c in decompensated diabetics

Crescimento gengival em indivíduos transplantados renais sob os regimes imunossupressores de ciclosporina, tacrolimus e sirolimus: Polimorfismo genético (+3954 C/T) do gene da interleucina- 1beta e avaliação clínica após 44 meses

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-13T19:49:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta__o_mestrado_lidiane_cristina_machado_costa.pdf: 634548 bytes, checksum: 275004b1446f4e9bf9f2b9f5b65e2a3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 6Estudos longitudinais que comparam as mudanças na condição gengival de indivíduos transplantados renais sob regimes imunossupressores baseados em ciclosporina (CsA) e tacrolimus (Tcr) são escassos e não foram encontrados relatos que incluem comparações com sirolimus (Sir). Além disso, diferentes variáveis de risco farmacológicas, periodontais e genéticas têm sido associadas ao crescimento gengival (CG) neste grupo indivíduos. Assim, o presente estudo teve os seguintes objetivos: 1) avaliar o polimorfismo do gene da interleucina-1beta (IL-1) em indivíduos transplantados renais sob regimes imunossupressores baseados em CsA, Tcr e Sir; 2) avaliar as mudanças na condição gengival e potenciais variáveis de risco farmacológicas e periodontais associadas ao CG em indivíduos transplantados renais sob regimes imunossupressores baseados em CsA, Tcr e Sir, após um período de médio de 4 anos. De uma amostra inicial de 135 indivíduos (baseline = T0), raspados de mucosa jugal foram coletados e utilizados para análise do polimorfismo IL-1 avaliado por PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase) e digestão por endonuclease de restrição. Indivíduos CG+ e CG- foram comparados em relação à frequência dos genótipos CC, CT e TT, bem como dos alelos C e T, pelo teste Qui-quadrado. Após um período de 44,44 ± 9,96 meses (27 117), 102 indivíduos da amostra inicial, sem tratamento periodontal, foram re-examinados (exame final = T4). Deste total, 89 indivíduos mantiveram o regime imunossupressor com o mesmo agente principal, sendo CsA = 23, Tcr = 31 e Sir = 35. Dados demográficos e farmacológicos foram colhidos dos prontuários médicos. Dados periodontais incluíram registro do índice de placa e índice de sangramento papilar. O CG foi avaliado através de exame visual. A prevalência e gravidade do CG, bem como variáveis farmacológicas e periodontais de interesse, foram comparadas entre o exame T0 e T4 para a amostra total e para os grupos CsA, Tcr e Sir pelos testes de Wilcoxon e MacNemar. Regressão logística multivariada foi utilizada para determinar as variáveis associadas ao CG em T4. O primeiro estudo (n = 135, sendo CsA = 45, Tcr = 45 e Sir = 45) mostrou que não houve diferença significativa na distribuição dos genótipos CC, CT e TT, bem como dos alelos C e T para o gene da IL-1 entre indivíduos CG+ e CG-, tanto na amostra total como em quaisquer dos grupos de imunossupressores. O segundo estudo (n = 89, sendo CsA = 23, Tcr = 31 e Sir = 35) mostrou, para a amostra total, redução significativa na ocorrência (T0 = 28,1%; T4 = 13,5%; p < 0,001) e gravidade do CG (escore médio T0 = 3,74 ± 8,46; escore médio T4 = 1,43 ± 10,61; p < 0,001). Para os grupo CsA e Tcr, embora não significativa, também foi observada redução na ocorrência do CG [CsA (T0 = 56,5%; T4 = 34,8%; p = 0,063); Tcr (T0 = 19,4%; T4 = 12,9%; p = 0,500)]. Além disso, a gravidade do CG diminui de maneira significativa no grupo CsA (escore médio T0 = 7,70 ± 10,29; escore médio T4 = 0,78 ± 1,38; p = 0,003). No grupo Sir, o CG reduziu de 17,1% (T0) para 0,0% (T4) (p = não se aplica). Em T4, na amostra total, o CG foi associado ao índice de sangramento papilar (p = 0,001) e ao uso concomitante de bloqueadores de canais de cálcio (p = 0,029); nos grupo CsA e Tcr, o CG foi associado ao índice de sangramento papilar (p = 0,029 e p = 0,033 respectivamente). O presente estudo aponta para a importância de variáveis farmacológicas e periodontais associadas ao CG em regimes imunossupressores de manutenção em indivíduos transplantados renais.Prospective studies that compare the changes in the gingival status of renal transplant patients under immunosuppressive regimens based on cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tcr) are scarce and there were no reports that include comparisons with sirolimus (Sir). Moreover, different pharmacological, periodontal and genetic variables have been associated with gingival overgrowth (GO) in this group of subjects. Thus, this study aimed to: 1) evaluate the polymorphism (+3954 C/T) of the interleukin-1beta (IL-1â) gene in renal transplant recipients under immunosuppressive regimens based on CsA, Tcr and Sir. 2) evaluate changes in gingival status and potential pharmacological and periodontal risk variables associated with the GO in renal transplant recipients under immunosuppressive regimens based on CsA, Tcr and Sir, after mean interval time of 4 years. From a initial sample of 135 individuals (baseline BE), oral mucosa swabs were collected and used to evaluate the IL-1â polymorphism (+3954 C/T) assessed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and restriction endonuclease digestion. GO+ and GO- subjects were compared in relation to the frequency of CC, CT, and TT genotypes, as well as C and T alleles, tro ugh Chi-squared test. After a interval time of 44.44 ± 9.96 months (27 117), 102 subjects from the initial sample, with no periodontal treatment, were re-examined (follow-up examination = FE). From this total, 89 subjects maintained the immunosuppressive regimen based on the same main agent (CsA = 23, Tcr = 31, and Sir = 35). Demographic and pharmacological data were collected from medical records. Periodontal data included plaque index and papillary bleeding index records. GO was evaluated by visual examination. Prevalence and severity of GO, as well as pharmacological and periodontal variables of interest, were compared between BE and FE examinations for the total sample and Csa, Tcr, and Sir groups through Wilcoxon and MacNemar tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine variables associated with GO in FE. The first study (n = 135, CsA = 45, Tcr = 45 e Sir = 45) showed no significant difference in the distribution of CC, CT, and TT genotypes, as well as C and T alleles of IL-1â gene among GO+ and GO- subjects for the total sample neither for any immunosuppressive group. The second study (n = 89, CsA = 23, Tcr = 31 e Sir = 35) showed significantly reduced occurrence (BE = 28,1%; FE = 13,5%; p <0,001) and severity of GO (BE mean score = 3,74 ± 8,46; FE mean score = 1,43 ± 10,61; p < 0,001) for the total sample. For CsA and Tcr groups, although not significant, it was also observed a reduction in the occurrence of GO [CsA (BE = 56.5%; FE = 34.8%; p = 0.063); Tcr (BE = 19.4%; FE = 12.9%; p = 0.500)]. In addition, the severity of GO significantly decreased in CsA group (BE mean score = 7.70 ± 10.29; FE mean score = 0.78 ± 1.38; p = 0.003). In Sir group, GO reduced from 17.1% (BE) to 0.0% (FE) (p = not applicable). In FE, considering the total sample, GO was associated with papillary bleeding index (p = 0.001) and concomitant calcium channel blocker use (p = 0.029); in CsA and Tcr groups, GO was associated with papillary bleeding index (p = 0.029 and p = 0.033, respectively). This study points to the importance of pharmacological and periodontal variables associated with GO in immunosuppressive maintenance regimens among renal transplant recipients

Clinical and Microbiologic Evaluation of Scaling and Root Planing per Quadrant and One-Stage Full-Mouth Disinfection Associated With Azithromycin or Chlorhexidine: A Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:56:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015Programa Nacional de Cooperação Acadêmica (Procad)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Background: Conflicting data about the protocol of choice for non-psurgical periodontal therapy with adjuvant use are still reported. This study aims to evaluate, through clinical and microbiologic parameters, the systemic use of azithromycin (AZ) and chlorhexidine (CHX) as adjuvants to non-psurgical periodontal treatment performed by one-pstage full-pmouth disinfection (FMD) within 24 hours or conventional quadrant scaling (QS) in four weekly sections. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 85 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis underwent different treatment protocols, in six groups: three FMD groups and three QS groups, each with no adjuvants, with CHX, and with AZ. Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and total and quantitative bacterial counts of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Streptococcus oralis were measured with real-ptime polymerase chain reaction at baseline and 90 and 180 days after treatment. Results: In all groups, a significant reduction was observed in the percentage of periodontal diseased sites, gingival index, plaque index, and clinical attachment level gain at 90 days, demonstrating effectiveness of the treatment, independently of the adjuvant. The FMD with CHX group showed higher reduction in probing depth and percentage of periodontal diseases sites, as well as lower total bacterial count, than all the other groups at 180 days. Conclusions: The adjuvant use of AZ did not provide any significant benefit, independently of the treatment protocol. The adjuvant use of CHX showed a more expressive and significant improvement in clinical and microbiologic parameters, especially in the FMD protocol, followed by QS.[Fonseca, Douglas Campideli] Univ Ctr Lavras, Dept Periodontol, Lavras, MG, Brazil[Fonseca, Douglas Campideli; Oliveira Azevedo, Andrea Mara; Costa, Fernando Oliveira] Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Dent Clin Oral Pathol & Dent Surg, Sch Dent, BR-31270901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil[Cortelli, Jose Roberto; Cortelli, Sheila Cavalca; Miranda Cota, Luis Otavio; Machado Costa, Lidiane Cristina; Moreira Castro, Marcos Vinicius] Universidade de Taubaté (Unitau), Periodont Res Div, Dept Dent, Sao Paulo, Brazi

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications